Hasil untuk "Technology (General)"

Hyun‐Ha Kim

Li Wang, J. Dykstra, Shihong Lin

Capacitive deionization (CDI) as a class of electrochemical desalination has attracted fast-growing research interest in recent years. A significant part of this growing interest is arguably attributable to the premise that CDI is energy efficient and has the potential to outcompete other conventional desalination technologies. In this review, systematic evaluation of literature data reveals that while the absolute energy consumption of CDI is in general low, most existing CDI systems achieve limited energy efficiency from a thermodynamic perspective. We also analyze the causes for the relatively low energy efficiency and discuss factors that may lead to enhanced energy efficiency for CDI.

Sumesh Kharnotia, Bhavna Arora, Ravdeep Kour

The extensive embrace of Android has amplified malware risks, resulting in a need for better detection methods. This article investigates the area of static analysis, which analyses applications without execution by examining code and manifest files. We focus on studies from 2022 to 2025, regarding the feature extraction, datasets, feature selection, and approaches based on Machine Learning (ML) and Deep Learning (DL). We conclude by defining the major limitations and research gaps presented in studies regarding static analysis, and many insights for potential development of detection models that are efficient, accurate, and lightweight to improve detection patterns of Android malware.

R. Khalilpour, K. Mumford, Haibo Zhai et al.

Enrique Bonsón, M. Bednárová

Purpose Technological developments such as blockchain seem to be the next step in a digital era and might reshape the way we do business. They are expected to have an impact on both business and society in the next few decades. This paper aims to provide general insights into blockchain technology and the extent to which it might transform the accounting system. Design/methodology/approach Analysing the previous literature, the paper provides a general overview of this phenomenon, identifying pending technical as well as non-technical issues that will have to be addressed for the full potential of blockchain technology to be embraced. The paper also proposes ways in which the information quality dimension might be improved. Findings The paper identifies the pending challenges for blockchain, such as scalability, flexibility, a suitable architecture and cybersecurity. Additionally, to integrate blockchain technology fully into a real accounting ecosystem, a consensus between regulators, auditors and other parties is needed. Originality/value A general overview of this new phenomenon, as well as a summary of how the quality of accounting information might be improved, is provided. Given that it features elements such as decentralization and transparency, blockchain certainly has the potential to improve information and accounting quality.

J. Tondeur, Ronny Scherer, Fazilat Siddiq et al.

Jeremy Knox

This paper examines what the term ‘postdigital’ might mean for education through the discussion of human-technology relationships. It begins with a summary of two general interpretations of the postdigital: firstly, to understand the ‘post’ as meaning simply ‘posterior to’ the digital, suggesting a different stage in the perception and use of technology; and secondly, to consider the ‘post’ as signalling a critical appraisal of the assumptions embedded in the general understanding of the digital. Subsequently, the paper outlines three critical perspectives on the digital with specific relevance for educational concerns. The first examines the economic rationales underpinning digital technology, focusing on the idea of the platform and the assumed benefits of sharing. The second discusses the role of the digital in educational policy and the compound effects of the metrification of institutional quality. The third section explores the digital as ‘material’, and the increasing attention paid to issues of labour and the exploitation of natural resources required to produce digital technologies. These perspectives suggest an understanding of the postdigital in terms of profound and far-reaching socio-technical relations, which have significant consequences for thinking about the purpose, focus, and governance of education in contemporary times.

Jibang Wu, Chenghao Yang, Yi Wu et al.

This paper develops an agentic framework that employs large language models (LLMs) for grounded persuasive language generation in automated copywriting, with real estate marketing as a focal application. Our method is designed to align the generated content with user preferences while highlighting useful factual attributes. This agent consists of three key modules: (1) Grounding Module, mimicking expert human behavior to predict marketable features; (2) Personalization Module, aligning content with user preferences; (3) Marketing Module, ensuring factual accuracy and the inclusion of localized features. We conduct systematic human-subject experiments in the domain of real estate marketing, with a focus group of potential house buyers. The results demonstrate that marketing descriptions generated by our approach are preferred over those written by human experts by a clear margin while maintaining the same level of factual accuracy. Our findings suggest a promising agentic approach to automate large-scale targeted copywriting while ensuring factuality of content generation.

Mohsen Ghorbian, Mostafa Ghobaei-Arani

In recent years, blockchain technology has been recognized as a transformative innovation in the tech world, and it has quickly become the core infrastructure of digital currencies such as Bitcoin and an important tool in various industries. This technology facilitates the recording and tracking of transactions across a vast network of computers by providing a distributed and decentralized ledger. Blockchain's decentralized structure significantly enhances security and transparency and prevents a single entity from dominating the network. This chapter examines blockchain's advantages, disadvantages, and applications in various industries and analyzes the implementation environments and reasons for using this technology. Also, this chapter discusses challenges such as scalability and high energy consumption that inhibit the expansion of this technology and examines blockchain technology's role in increasing efficiency and security in economic and social interactions. Finally, a comprehensive conclusion of blockchain applications and challenges has been presented by comparing blockchain applications in various industries and analyzing future trends.

Xiao-Wen Huang, Jin-Song Zhang, Yi-Shun Bu

In order to study the law of influence of rubber particle size on concrete frost resistance characteristics, this paper systematically evaluates the freeze–thaw characteristics of rubber concrete containing different particle sizes. Rubber concrete containing different particle sizes is subjected to 25, 50, 75, 100, and 125 freeze–thaw cycles. After the freeze–thaw cycles, the specimens are observed or measured for appearance, mass change rate, relative dynamic elastic modulus, internal damage degree, compressive strength, and tensile strength. The results show that the frost resistance of concrete mixed with rubber of different particle sizes is more excellent, and the surface of concrete specimens after different numbers of freezing and thawing cycles shows different degrees of spalling. Meanwhile, due to the presence of rubber, the compressive and tensile strengths of rubberized concrete are significantly inferior. Finally, the microscopic scanning results reveal the mechanism of rubber’s incorporation into concrete. The incorporation of rubber effectively reduces its internal pore development. To summarize, it can be seen that rubber incorporated into concrete is a worthwhile method to consider for frost resistance of engineering materials.

Shujuan Ding, Ying Ruan, Lei Dou

In recent years, the essential roles of digital payment have gradually emerged. However, current research on digital payment adoption models rarely incorporates the outcomes of digital payment, and it also gives less consideration to rural residents. Considering these two issues as a research gap, this article establishes a unified digital payment use and credit availability model by extending the UTAUT2 framework in two aspects and applying it to China’s rural residents. The first extension is to add credit availability as an outcome variable of digital payment use. The second is to add two factors important to farmers, perceived riskiness and innovativeness, as constructs. Structural equation modeling is employed to analyze data collected from nearly 500 Chinese rural residents. The results show that almost 90% of rural residents have used digital payment. However, only a low proportion use it for many purposes or frequently. Rural residents’ digital payment use can increase credit availability. Performance expectancy, effort expectancy, social influence, price value, and innovativeness significantly and positively affect digital payment intention and behavior, thereby indirectly improving credit availability. However, the perceived risk does not influence digital payment adoption, possibly due to effective protective behaviors. In addition to the indirect effect, the results show that innovativeness also has a direct impact on credit availability. JEL Classification : M15, G21.

Lulu Jia, Qing Yang, Hanchen Jiang et al.

Abstract Background The P53-mutated Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC) is an aggressive variant associated with vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) overexpression and increased microvascular density. This study aimed to develop an MRI-based deep learning model for predicting P53-mutated HCC. Methods A total of 312 HCC patients who underwent gadolinium-enhanced MRI and were pathologically confirmed between January 2018 and December 2023 were retrospectively enrolled. Participants were randomly divided into training and test dataset at an 8:2 ratio. We developed an EfficientNetV2-based deep learning model, constructing arterial phase (AP) model, portal venous phase (VP), T2-weighted imaging (T2WI), hepatobiliary phase (HBP) single-sequence model, and combined models to predict P53 mutation status. Model performance was evaluated using the area under the curve (AUC), accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, precision, and F1 score as metrics. Differences in AUC values were compared using Delong’s test. Results A total of 312 pathologically confirmed HCC patients (age: 56 ± 9 years; male = 240) were included, with a training dataset (n = 249) and test dataset (n = 63).Among single-sequence models, the HBP model demonstrated superior diagnostic performance (AUC = 0.715) compared to T2WI, AP, and VP models. The multiphase combined model (T2WI + AP + VP) significantly outperformed single-sequence models, achieving AUCs of 0.982 (95% CI: 0.959–1.000) in the training dataset and 0.914 (95% CI: 0.819–1.000) in the test dataset. However, incorporating the HBP sequence into the combined model (T2WI + AP + VP + HBP) did not further improve diagnostic performance (P > 0.05). Advances in knowledge The combined model incorporating AP, VP, T2WI, and HBP sequences demonstrated numerically highest performance in predicting P53-mutated HCC.

N. Roztocki, Piotr Soja, H. Weistroffer

ABSTRACT In this introduction to the special issue on the role of information and communication technologies (ICT) in socioeconomic development, we provide a conceptual framework that considers four dimensions that impact socioeconomic development: policy, business, technology, and society. This framework, which is systematically constructed from reviewing several earlier frameworks but more general in focus, is intended to provide context for the eight papers in this special issue, and also guidance for future-related research.

Omar Dib, Kei-Léo Brousmiche, Antoine Durand et al.

B. Verlinden, R. Cahn

Apostolos K. Gerodimos, Leandros A. Maglaras, Nicholas Ayres

The IoT is recognized as one of the most important areas of future technology and is gaining vast attention from a wide range of industries. Although, after 20 years from the first published literature (2002) the technology (as a whole) is not yet mature. In this study we will review the basics of IoT with a general approach, by addressing the problems of a standard architecture, vulnerabilities and use cases of this promising technology. Moreover, we will review some of the communication protocols that have invented especially for IoT technology, security threats and general implementation challenges.

Hang Yuan, Artiom Baloian, Jan Janak et al.

eSIM(embedded SIM) is an advanced alternative to traditional physical SIM cards initially developed by the GSM Association(GSMA) in 2013 [1][2]. The eSIM technology has been deployed in many commercial products such as mobile devices. However, the application of the eSIM technology in IoT devices has yet to start being primarily deployed. Understanding the eSIM architecture and the basic ideas of the eSIM provisioning and operations is very important for engineers to promote eSIM technology deployment in more areas, both academics and industries. The report focuses on the eSIM technology in the IoT architecture and two major operations of Remote SIM Provisioning(RSP) procedure: the Common Mutual Authentication procedure, a process used to authenticate eSIM trusted communication parties over the public internet, and the Profile Downloading procedure, the way to download the Profile from the operator SM-DP+ server and eventually remotely provision the end-user devices.

Yashuai Cao, Hetong Wang, Tiejun Lv et al.

Intelligent reflecting surface (IRS) is a potential candidate for massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) 2.0 technology due to its low cost, ease of deployment, energy efficiency and extended coverage. This chapter investigates the slot-by-slot IRS reflection pattern design and two-timescale reflection pattern design schemes, respectively. For the slot-by-slot reflection optimization, we propose exploiting an IRS to improve the propagation channel rank in mmWave massive MIMO systems without need to increase the transmit power budget. Then, we analyze the impact of the distributed IRS on the channel rank. To further reduce the heavy overhead of channel training, channel state information (CSI) estimation, and feedback in time-varying MIMO channels, we present a two-timescale reflection optimization scheme, where the IRS is configured relatively infrequently based on statistical CSI (S-CSI) and the active beamformers and power allocation are updated based on quickly outdated instantaneous CSI (I-CSI) per slot. The achievable average sum-rate (AASR) of the system is maximized without excessive overhead of cascaded channel estimation. A recursive sampling particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm is developed to optimize the large-timescale IRS reflection pattern efficiently with reduced samplings of channel samples.

Ali Raza, Khaled Mohamed Elhadi, Muhammad Abid et al.

Waste tyre rubber has become an environmental and health concern that needs to be sustainably managed to avoid fire hazards and save natural resources. This research work aims to study the structural behavior of glass fiber reinforced polymer (glass-FRP) reinforced rubberized concrete (GRC) compressive elements under monotonic axial compression loads. Nine GRC circular compressive elements with different axial and crosswise reinforcement ratios were fabricated. All the elements were 300 mm in diameter and 1200 mm in height. A 3D nonlinear finite element equation (FEM) was suggested for the GRC compressive elements using a commercial package ABAQUS. A parametric study has been done to examine the effect of various parameters of GRC elements. The test outcomes revealed that the ductility of GRC elements ameliorated with the lessening in the spaces of glass-FRP ties. The addition of rubberized concrete improved the ductility of GRC elements. The damage to GRC elements occurred due to the vertical cracking along the height of the elements. The estimates of FEM were in close agreement with the test outcomes. The suggested empirical equation depending on the 600 test elements, which considered the lateral confinement effect of FRP ties, presented higher accuracy than previous equations.

Nabil Rahmad Illahi, Supriyono

User experience can be a measure of acceptance of an application. The user experience measurement aims to provide input in evaluating the development, improvement and maintenance of the UIN Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang Internal Quality Assurance System (SPMI) application based on the level of user experience using the User Experience Questionnaire (UEQ). 6 aspects of UEQ were chosen because they have advantages over the others. User trust can decrease, even lead to frustration when a user experiences a failure in the user experience. It is feared that the data entered into the SPMI application is inaccurate or seems perfunctory. This has the potential to affect the evaluation and improvement of each study program. This research was conducted to SPMI admins from each study program at UIN Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang. The results of measuring user experience from the SPMI application of UIN Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang showed positive evaluation results with categories above the average, namely in the aspects of perspicuity (1.712), dependability (1.470), and stimulation (1.167), novelty (0.917). Meanwhile, in terms of attractiveness (1.626) and efficiency (1.864). The results are included in the good category, but efforts still need to be made to improve the quality of the novelty to be more innovative in its development.