Hasil untuk "Hungary"

Rashwan Alkentar, Sándor Manó, Dávid Huri et al.

Hip implant optimization is increasingly receiving attention due to the development of manufacturing technology and artificial intelligence interaction in the current research. This study investigates the development of hip implant stem design with the application of lattice structures, and the utilization of the MATLAB regression learner app in finding the best predictive regression model to calculate the mechanical behavior of the implant’s stem based on some of the design parameters. Many cases of latticed hip implants (using 3D lattice infill type) were designed in the ANSYS software, and then 3D printed to undergo simulations and lab experiments. A surrogate model of the implant was used in the finite element analysis (FEA) instead of the geometrically latticed model to save computation time. The model was then generalized and used to calculate the mechanical behavior of new variables of hip implant stem and a database was generated for surgeon so they can choose the lattice parameters for desirable mechanical behavior. This study shows that neural networks algorithms showed the highest accuracy with predicting the mechanical behavior reaching a percentage above 90%. Patients’ weight and shell thickness were proven to be the most affecting factors on the implant’s mechanical behavior.

Vladimir Heger, Barbora Benesova, Magdalena Majekova et al.

Sarco/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase (SERCA) is an important regulatory protein responsible for maintaining calcium homeostasis within cells. Impairment of SERCA associated with activity/expression decrease has been implicated in multiple chronic conditions, including cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, cancer, neurodegenerative diseases, and skeletal muscle pathologies. Natural polyphenols have been recognized to interact with several target proteins involving SERCA. To date, only a limited number of polyphenolic compounds or their derivatives have been described either to increase SERCA activity/expression directly or to affect Ca2+ signaling pathways. In this study, we tested polyphenols for their ability to activate SERCA1a in the absence or presence of methylglyoxal or palmitate and to impact insulin release in pancreatic beta cells. The protective effects of these compounds against methylglyoxal- or palmitate-induced injury were evaluated. Results indicate that 6-gingerol, resveratrol, and ellagic acid activate SERCA1a and protect against activity decrease induced by methylglyoxal and palmitate. Molecular docking analysis revealed the binding of these polyphenols to Glu439 in the SERCA1a P-domain, suggesting a critical role in the stimulation of enzyme activity. Ellagic acid was found to directly stimulate the activity of SERCA1a, marking the first instance of such an observation.

Enas Abdelsamei, Diaa Sheishah, Boglárka Runa et al.

AbstractGround penetrating radar (GPR) has been widely used to assess asphalt and pavement, especially in quality testing for newly constructed roads. However, its usage has been limited in regard to aged roads. Thus, this study focuses on the applicability of GPR to extract diverse information regarding structure, thickness, and various conditions, including the moisture content of an aged road section that has undergone repeated renewals. First, two methods were employed to calculate the thickness and dielectric values; the reflection amplitude and ground truth methods. The analysis was done by RADAN 7 software. Based on the findings, the average error of thickness on the same day between continuous GPR and the core data were 2.87% and 8.72%, respectively. Second, dielectric analysis of three structural units was performed under different moisture conditions. As a result, the average dielectric values of macadam (3, 3.3, and 4), surface asphalt layer (4, 7.06, and 8.31), and cement-treated base (4.83, 10.88, and 11.88) were determined under dry, medium-wet, and wet conditions, respectively. The volumetric water difference (f) within the pavement was also estimated. As for the asphalt, macadam, and cement-treated base, the difference in the volume fraction of water (f) was 0.06, 0.01, and 0.1, respectively, under dry and wet conditions, and 0.04, 0.004, and 0.09, respectively, under dry and medium-wet conditions. Overall, the findings demonstrate that reasonably accurate assessments of the pavement thickness, structure, dielectric values, and amplitude of aged roads can be achieved by using a GPR survey under various conditions.

Podruzsik Szilárd, Fertő Imre

Agri-environmental schemes (AESs) play a pivotal role in aligning agricultural practices with environmental objectives, promoting sustainable land management, and conserving biodiversity. This article presents a comprehensive synthesis of recent advancements in AES research within the European Union context, focusing on ecological, economic, and socio-political dimensions. Through a systematic review of literature published since 2013, we identify emerging trends, gaps, and research priorities, providing novel insights into AES effectiveness. We examine the factors that influence participation in AES such as biodiversity, habitat fragmentation, and agricultural ecosystem services. We also explore the economic factors influencing farmer participation, including financial incentives, income stability, and cost–benefit analysis. Furthermore, we investigate the socio-political dimensions of AES, including institutional frameworks, stakeholder engagement, and the role of trust in programme implementation. Key findings highlight the need for adaptive management strategies, incentive structures aligned with environmental objectives, and inclusive governance mechanisms to enhance AES effectiveness. Our research underscores the importance of context-specific approaches that account for farm characteristics, socio-economic factors, and institutional arrangements. Practical implications for policymakers, practitioners, and stakeholders are discussed, emphasizing the importance of evidence-based policymaking and iterative learning in promoting sustainable agriculture and environmental conservation.

Zoltán Tóth J.

A véleménynyilvánítási szabadság az egyik legfontosabb alanyi alapjog, amelyet az Alkotmánybíróság a kezdetektől fogva kiemelt védelemben részesít. E jog ugyan nem korlátozhatatlan, de a jogalkotó a korlátozás során az általánosnál szigorúbb mércének kell hogy megfeleljen. Az egyik elsődleges korlátozási indok más személyek méltósághoz való joga lehet, ami a végső alapját adja egyrészt a „közösségek méltósága” védelmének is, másrészt megalapozza a tételes jogi korlátokat, így különösen a becsület és a jó hírnév polgári jogi és büntetőjogi védelmét. A személyiségvédelem legerősebb büntetőjogi eszköze a rágalmazás és a becsületsértés tényállása, ami különösen a közéleti véleménynyilvánítás eseteiben veti fel a két jog kollíziójának lehetőségét és az ütközés alkotmányjogi megítélésének szükségességét. Jelen tanulmány ezen alkotmányossági megítélés változását mutatja be a magyar Alkotmánybíróság gyakorlatában. Ennek során – a véleménynyilvánítási szabadság általános alkotmányossági aspektusainak ismertetését követően – végigveszi azt a fejlődési ívet, melynek során a közéleti szólást tevő személy alanyi helyzete helyett egyre inkább a szituáció megítélése, az objektív szempontok hangsúlyozása, az ügy közügy jellege kap szerepet.

Abrar Ghaith

Background: The potential health advantages of functional food products have increased their appeal. Their reception and implementation are greatly influenced by consumer attitudes and purchasing intentions. The Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) is used in this study to examine how attitudes toward and intentions to buy functional food products in Hungary are influenced by health consciousness (HC) and nutritional knowledge (KN). Methods: From March to May 2023, 396 adult Hungarian volunteers took part in an online survey. The poll measured respondents' intentions to buy functional food products as well as their health consciousness, nutritional knowledge, attitudes, and subjective norms (SN). Through pilot research, the questionnaire's reliability and validity were determined. Multiple regression analyses, one-sample t-tests, and Cronbach's alpha were all included in the statistical analysis. Results: The majority of participants were female, working students. In support of hypotheses H1 and H2, health consciousness significantly influenced attitudes and purchase intentions. H3 and H4 are supported by the findings that nutritional knowledge strongly influenced attitudes and purchase intentions. Both perceived behavioral control and subjective standards had a beneficial impact on purchase intentions supporting H5 and H6. Conclusion: This study provides important insights into Hungarian consumers' preferences for functional food items. It highlights the beneficial effects of health awareness, information, attitudes, arbitrary standards, and perceived behavioral control on buying intentions. It was discovered that attitudes play an important role in mediating the link between nutritional knowledge, health consciousness, and purchase intentions. It was discovered that attitudes play an important role in mediating the link between nutritional knowledge, health consciousness, and purchasing intentions. The dynamic functional food market's marketers and legislators should take these findings seriously. The subtleties of these attitudes and their implications for promotional tactics can be explored in greater detail in future research. Promoting healthier food options and informing policy and marketing decisions require an understanding of consumer perceptions and behaviors.

Carlo Ricotta, János Podani, Dénes Schmera et al.

Abstract Among the many diversity indices in the ecologist toolbox, measures that can be partitioned into additive terms are particularly useful as the different components can be related to different ecological processes shaping community structure. In this paper, an additive diversity decomposition is proposed to partition the diversity structure of a given community into three complementary fractions: functional diversity, functional redundancy and species dominance. These three components sum up to one. Therefore, they can be used to portray the community structure in a ternary diagram. Since the identification of community‐level patterns is an essential step to investigate the main drivers of species coexistence, the ternary diagram of functional diversity can be used to relate different facets of diversity to community assembly processes more exhaustively than looking only at one index at a time. The value of the proposed diversity decomposition is demonstrated by the analysis of actual abundance data on plant assemblages sampled in grazed and ungrazed grasslands in Tuscany (Central Italy).

Ismael Casotti Rienda, Célia A. Alves, Teresa Nunes et al.

The thoracic fraction of road dust (PM₁₀) was measured for the first time in Portugal in parking areas, both outdoors and indoors, with the aim of completing existing studies carried out in active lanes of various roads. An in situ resuspension chamber was used to collect a total of 23 samples in three parking areas of Aveiro, whilst the laboratory procedures included determination of carbonaceous content (OC and EC) by a thermo-optical technique, elemental composition by ICP-MS and ICP-OES after acid digestion, and the <i>Aliivribrio fisherii</i> bioluminescent bacteria ecotoxicity bioassay. Dust loadings (DL10) obtained were 18.5 ± 9.8 mg PM₁₀ m⁻², in outdoor parking, and 1.8–23.7 mg PM₁₀ m⁻² for indoor parking, corresponding to emission factors of 476 and 75–589 mg veh⁻¹ km⁻¹, respectively. OC represented 9–30 % of PM₁₀ for the indoor parking areas. However, for the outdoor samples, the high iron oxide content jeopardised the OC-EC separation. In those samples, carbonates accounted for 10.0 ± 3.3% of the PM₁₀ mass. The analysis of elemental components focused on major elements (Al, Ca, Fe, K, and Mg) as well as minor elements. The total mass fraction of element oxides accounted for 27.1% (outdoor) and 23.6–34.3% (indoor). Σ_PAH calculated for all parking areas accounted for 8.38–36.9 μg g⁻¹ PM₁₀. The ecotoxicological bioassay showed that all aqueous solutions were toxic to bioluminescent bacteria, whereas no clear correlations could be made with specific component groups, with the exception of Σ_PAH and EC₅₀.

Nakhoul Nakhoul, Tina Thawko, Evgeny Farber et al.

Background. Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is one of the most common microvascular complications of diabetes and is the leading cause of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) and replacement therapy worldwide. Vitamin D levels in DN patients are very low due to the decrease in the synthesis and activity of 1-α hydroxylase in the proximal tubule cells and decrease in the vitamin D receptor abundance. To date, few studies have shown the antioxidant effects of 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1,25(OH)2D3] on hyperglycemia-induced renal injury. The selective activator of the vitamin D receptor, paricalcitol, reduces proteinuria and slows the progression of kidney injury. The precise mechanism through which vitamin D affects diabetic status and provides kidney protection remains to be determined. Methods. Diabetes mellitus (DM) was induced in 94 8-week-old DBA/2J mice by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ). DM mice were randomly divided into receiving vehicle or treatment with paricalcitol, the active vitamin D analog, 1 week after DM induction or paricalcitol treatment 3 weeks after DM induction. An additional control group of healthy wild-type mice was not treated. Urine albumin, blood urea nitrogen, and creatinine levels were measured before and at the end of the paricalcitol treatment. Periodic acid-Schiff, immunohistochemistry staining, and western blot of the renal tissues of vitamin D receptor, villin, nephrin, and podocin expressions, were analyzed. Results. Paricalcitol treatment restored villin, nephrin, and podocin protein levels that were downregulated upon DM induction, and reduced fibronectin protein level. Vitamin D receptor activation by paricalcitol may reduce proteinuria of DN in mice and alleviate high-glucose-induced injury of kidney podocytes by regulating the key molecules such nephrin-podocin. Conclusions. Paricalcitol treatment was associated with improved structural changes in type 1 diabetic mice including upregulation of vitamin D receptor expression, and decreased fibrosis markers such as fibronectin. These effects may contribute to the consistent benefit of vitamin D analog to slow the deterioration in glomerular function and reduce the risk of ESRD in patients with type 1 and 2 diabetes mellitus. Our results suggest that additional use of paricalcitol may be beneficial in treating patients with diabetes under standard therapeutic strategies.

Bence Attila Oláh

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MARIETTA KISS

Vélemény:  Filep Bálint: A nagyvárosok az európai és a magyar területi politikában. Publikon Kiadó, Pécs–Győr, 2014.

Orlov O.O. , Iakushenko D.M., Májeková J. et al.

Data on floristic finds of Galeopsis angustifolia (Lamiaceae), a new alien species for the Ukrainian flora, are reported. Taxonomically the species is very close to G. ladanum. The main distinguishing features between these species are: morphological characteristics of generative and vegetative organs of plants, mainly shape and size of leaves, size of petals, calyx pubescence, and chemical composition. In some neighboring to Ukraine countries, the placement of G. angustifolia in the natural or alien fraction of the flora which is under discussion. In the flora of Slovakia this species is regarded as natural, in Hungary it is included in the provisional list of archeophytes, and in Poland, at least in its northern part, and in Belarus, as a kenophyte. Plants were recorded on railways in two regions of Ukraine, in 2016–2017 in Zhytomyr Polissya (Zhytomyr Region) and in 2018 in the Zakarpattia lowland (Transcarpathian Region). Taxonomic citations, morphological characteristics, geographical (primary and secondary areas), ecological and coenotic peculiarities of G. angustifolia are given. According to the time of its migration, ways of distribution, and degree of naturalization this species is a kenophyte, xenophyte and colonophyte in Zhytomyr Polissya and an ephemerophyte in the Zakarpattia lowland. A map of the species distribution in Ukraine is presented.

Attila Balogh

A tanulmány Luther Márton gazdasági elképzeléseit egy elhanyagolt nézőpontból vizsgálja. Luther írásait természetesen nagymértékben vallási kérdések és témák dominálták. Amikor gazdasági témák felé fordult, elsősorban a bankok és a kereskedő cégek uzsora gyakorlatával foglalkozott. Luther írásaiban foglalkozott piaci viselkedésről, költségekről és keresletről, a gazdasági kényszer, összejátszás és bizonyos monopolisztikus gyakorlatok ellen érvelt. „Martin Luther’s Doctrine on Trade and Price in Its Literary Context” History of Political Economy 41(1):89-107

M. C. F. da Costa, M. R. M. Souza, D. R. G. Larrude et al.

Efficient adhesion between polymers and two-dimensional materials, such as graphene, is fundamental and crucial for the development of flexible devices or special coating materials as well as defining the quality of the transfer processes for these materials. Here, contact angle (CA) measurements of four distinct polymers, low-density polyethylene – LDPE, polypropylene – PP, poly (butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) – PBAT and poly (vinylidene-fluoride-co-trifluoroethylene) – PVDF-TrFE, and graphene achieved by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) were used to understand the adhesion phenomena between such materials. The CA measurements were carried out at specific thermal conditions mimicking a transfer process that is based on direct contact of CVD graphene and polymers above their melting temperature (Direct Dry Transfer – DDT). Surface analysis allowed the efficiency of such transfer method to be pre-estimated owing to an understanding of the adhesion properties of both materials by comparing their polar and dispersive components values. However, rheological properties and chemical structures seemed to be equally important in this evaluation, either by molecular weight modification or introduction of chemical groups onto the surface of polymer films. The results allowed for an understanding of the role of the main factors in adhesion phenomena between graphene and polymers and how they can be used to improve graphene coating during transfer processes.

A.M. Sirunyan, A. Tumasyan, W. Adam et al.

A search is presented for the production of vector-like quark pairs, TT‾ or YY‾, with electric charge of 2/3 (T) or −4/3 (Y), in proton–proton collisions at s=13TeV. The data were collected by the CMS experiment at the LHC in 2016 and correspond to an integrated luminosity of 35.8fb−1. The T and Y quarks are assumed to decay exclusively to a W boson and a b quark. The search is based on events with a single isolated electron or muon, large missing transverse momentum, and at least four jets with large transverse momenta. In the search, a kinematic reconstruction of the final state observables is performed, which would permit a signal to be detected as a narrow mass peak (≈7% resolution). The observed number of events is consistent with the standard model prediction. Assuming strong pair production of the vector-like quarks and a 100% branching fraction to bW, a lower limit of 1295 GeV at 95% confidence level is set on the T and Y quark masses. Keywords: CMS, Physics, Vector-like quarks

Gábor Máté, Lori R. Bernstein, Lori R. Bernstein et al.

Approximately, 10–15% of women of reproductive age are affected by endometriosis, which often leads to infertility. Endometriosis often has an inherited component, and several causative predisposing factors are hypothesized to underlie the pathogenesis of endometriosis. One working hypothesis is the theory of retrograde menstruation. According to the theory of retrograde menstruation, components of refluxed blood, including apoptotic endometrial tissue, desquamated menstrual cells, lysed erythrocytes, and released iron, induce inflammation in the peritoneal cavity. This in turn activates macrophage release of reactive oxygen species (ROS), leading to oxidative stress via the respiratory burst. Refluxed blood promotes the Fenton reaction, terminating in the production of hydroxyl radical, the most potently destructive ROS. In this article, we review the papers that demonstrate decreased quantity and quality of oocytes and embryos retrieved from IVF/ICSI patients with endometriosis. We discuss literature data demonstrating that ROS are generated in endometriotic tissues that have physical proximity to gametes and embryos, and demonstrating adverse impacts on oocyte, sperm and embryo microtubule apparatus, chromosomes, and DNA. Data that addresses the notions that endometriosis causes oocyte and fetal aneuploidy and that these events are mediated by ROS species are also discussed. Literature data are also discussed that employ use of anti-oxidant molecules to evaluate the importance of ROS-mediated oxidative damage in the pathogenesis of endometriosis. Studies are discussed that have employed anti-oxidants compounds as therapeutics to improve oocyte and embryo quality in infertile subjects, and improve fertility in patients with endometriosis.

Dániel Bárth

Géza Lámer

A tanulmányban az épületszerkezetek körében értelmezhető struktúrákkal foglakozunk. A jelen I. részben az épületszerkezeteket funkcióik alapján csoportosítjuk. Két főbb csoport különíthető el. A tartószerkezeti csoportot vizsgálva megmutatható, hogy az épületek a tartószerkezeti váz alapján jól csoportosíthatók. A függőleges teherhordó szerkezeti elemek – falak és pillérek – nyújtotta négyelemű csoportosítás – falvázas, pillérvázas, vegyesvázas, valamint a fal és pillér nélküli tartószerkezeti vázas épületek – túlságosan egyszerű csoportosítást tesz lehetővé. A falak és pillérek, valamint az ettől eltérő tartószerkezeti vázak eltérő építéstechnológiáit figyelembe véve már egy többelemű csoportosítás adható. Az egyes csoportokon belüli a falak és pillérek, valamint a födémek kapcsolata alapján különböző alcsoportokat lehet értelmezni.

István Sárkány

A szerző áttekintést nyújt az erőszakos bűnözés minőségi és mennyiségi tendenciáiról Magyarországon az elmúlt 15 évben.

Petr Hasil, Michal Veselý

By the combination of the modified half-linear Prüfer method and the Riccati technique, we study oscillatory properties of half-linear differential equations. Taking into account the transformation theory of half-linear equations and using some known results, we show that the analysed equations in the Riemann–Weber form with perturbations in both terms are conditionally oscillatory. Within the process, we identify the critical oscillation values of their coefficients and, consequently, we decide when the considered equations are oscillatory and when they are non-oscillatory. As a direct corollary of our main result, we solve the so-called critical case for a certain type of half-linear non-perturbed equations.