Hasil untuk "History of education"

Salwa Aulya, Daya Negri Wijaya

This article explores humanist values in Thomas Stamford Raffles' work, The Statement of Service, which acts as his defense against the accusations during his time in the Indonesian Archipelago. It uses a descriptive qualitative method with in-depth text analysis. The findings show that Raffles promoted humanist principles in his colonial policies, such as abolishing slavery, respecting local culture, and improving education. These policies reflect the influence of secular humanism, which Raffles embraced through his affiliation with the Freemason organization. However, the study also highlights contradictions between Raffles' humanist ideals and the colonial practices of his era. The research suggests further study on the relevance of Raffles' ideas to colonialism and modern humanism.

Rosario Moreno Soldevila, Manuel Alejandro González Muñoz, Alberto Marina Castillo et al.

This paper describes four methodological proposals for rescuing from oblivion and highlighting women writers in Graeco-Roman Antiquity. In workshops employing a variety of active methodologies, students become acquainted with Greek writers like Sappho, Diotima of Mantinea and Aspasia, and their Roman counterparts, including Sulpicia and Agrippina the Younger, while also becoming aware of the authorship of these women writers and their lack of visibility. The proposals take the shape of activities aimed at fostering a vocation for science among baccalaureate students in Spain but can also be easily adapted to secondary and even higher education in other educational contexts.

Charith Jayasekara, Carlo Kopp, Vincent Lee et al.

This paper presents the design and refinement of automated Moodle-based Problem-Solving Assessments (PSAs) deployed across large-scale computing units. Developed to replace traditional exams, PSAs assess applied problem-solving skills through parameterised, real-world tasks delivered via Moodle's quiz engine. Integrated with interactive workshops, this approach supports authentic learning, mitigates academic integrity risks, and reduces inconsistencies in marking. Iterative improvements have enhanced scalability, fairness, and alignment with learning outcomes. The model offers a practical and sustainable alternative for modern computing and engineering education.

Uchswas Paul, Ananya Mantravadi, Jash Shah et al.

Peer grading has emerged as a scalable solution for assessment in large and online classrooms, offering both logistical efficiency and pedagogical value. However, designing effective peer-grading systems remains challenging due to persistent concerns around accuracy, fairness, reliability, and student engagement. This paper presents a systematic review of 122 peer-reviewed studies on peer grading spanning over four decades. Drawing from this literature, we propose a comprehensive taxonomy that organizes peer grading systems along two key dimensions: (1) evaluation approaches and (2) reviewer weighting strategies. We analyze how different design choices impact grading accuracy, fairness, student workload, and learning outcomes. Our findings highlight the strengths and limitations of each method. Notably, we found that formative feedback -- often regarded as the most valuable aspect of peer assessment -- is seldom incorporated as a quality-based weighting factor in summative grade synthesis techniques. Furthermore, no single reviewer weighting strategy proves universally optimal; each has its trade-offs. Hybrid strategies that combine multiple techniques could show the greatest promise. Our taxonomy offers a practical framework for educators and researchers aiming to design peer grading systems that are accurate, equitable, and pedagogically meaningful.

Yiming Luo, Ting Liu, Patrick Cheong-Iao Pang et al.

The advent of Large Language Models (LLMs) has profoundly transformed the paradigms of information retrieval and problem-solving, enabling students to access information acquisition more efficiently to support learning. However, there is currently a lack of standardized evaluation frameworks that guide learners in effectively leveraging LLMs. This paper proposes an LLM-driven Bloom's Educational Taxonomy that aims to recognize and evaluate students' information literacy (IL) with LLMs, and to formalize and guide students practice-based activities of using LLMs to solve complex problems. The framework delineates the IL corresponding to the cognitive abilities required to use LLM into two distinct stages: Exploration & Action and Creation & Metacognition. It further subdivides these into seven phases: Perceiving, Searching, Reasoning, Interacting, Evaluating, Organizing, and Curating. Through the case presentation, the analysis demonstrates the framework's applicability and feasibility, supporting its role in fostering IL among students with varying levels of prior knowledge. This framework fills the existing gap in the analysis of LLM usage frameworks and provides theoretical support for guiding learners to improve IL.

Yossi Ben-Zion, Roi Einhorn Zarzecki, Joshua Glazer et al.

Seemingly we are not so far from Star Trek's food replicator. Generative artificial intelligence is rapidly becoming an integral part of both science and education, offering not only automation of processes but also the dynamic creation of complex, personalized content for educational purposes. With such advancement, educators are now crafting exams, building tutors, creating writing partners for students, and developing an array of other powerful tools for supporting our educational practices and student learning. We share a new class of opportunities for supporting learners and educators through the development of AI-generated simulations of physical phenomena and models. While we are not at the stage of "Computer: make me a mathematical simulation depicting the quantum wave functions of electrons in the hydrogen atom", we are not far off.

Arianna Burzacchi, Lidia Rossi, Tommaso Agasisti et al.

Despite its crucial role in students' daily lives, commuting time remains an underexplored dimension in higher education research. To address this gap, this study focuses on challenges that students face in urban environments and investigates the impact of commuting time on the academic performance of first-year bachelor students of Politecnico di Milano, Italy. This research employs an innovative two-step methodology. In the initial phase, machine learning algorithms trained on privacy-preserving GPS data from anonymous users are used to construct accessibility maps to the university and to obtain an estimate of students' commuting times. In the subsequent phase, authors utilize polynomial linear mixed-effects models and investigate the factors influencing students' academic performance, with a particular emphasis on commuting time. Notably, this investigation incorporates a causal framework, which enables the establishment of causal relationships between commuting time and academic outcomes. The findings underscore the significant impact of travel time on students' performance and may support policies and implications aiming at improving students' educational experience in metropolitan areas. The study's innovation lies both in its exploration of a relatively uncharted factor and the novel methodologies applied in both phases.

Dennis Junger, Max Westing, Christopher P. Freitag et al.

Progressing digitalization and increasing demand and use of software cause rises in energy- and resource consumption from information and communication technologies (ICT). This raises the issue of sustainability in ICT, which increasingly includes the sustainability of the software products themselves and the art of creating sustainable software. To this end, we conducted an analysis to gather and present existing literature on three research questions relating to the production of ecologically sustainable software ("Green Coding") and to provide orientation for stakeholders approaching the subject. We compile the approaches to Green Coding and Green Software Engineering (GSE) that have been published since 2010. Furthermore, we considered ways to integrate the findings into existing industrial processes and higher education curricula to influence future development in an environmentally friendly way.

Yu. V. Nikulich

The article contains materials of a sociological study of public history sociocultural practices in social media. Based on the analysis of data from in-depth interviews with experts in the field of media history (N = 60) conducted in 2022-2023, a classification of the main risks that a historian faces on the Web has been compiled. The concept of digital capital was used as a theoretical framework, considering it as a relevant component of cultural, symbolic, and social types of capital. Digital transformation of society, including education system, is a factor in digitalization and democratization of knowledge. In this process, academic communities, commercial projects, initiative groups, and individual citizens face a number of risks associated with acquisition and realization of their capitals. The analysis of the research results allowed us to conclude that the relevant sources of risks are the communicative and financial side of activity. The issue of confrontation between academic community and digital popularizers of history remains debatable, as experts point out the danger of deprofessionalization in case of excessive audience orientation. Since riskiness goes hand in hand with societal instability, uncertainty, and hypervariability, political and corporate suppression of certain discourses and dynamic development of information and communication technologies have been highlighted as risks. The latter creates both risks and potential for public history development, historians mastering a new set of competences and obtaining differentiated sources of income. In this process, intangible capital is converted into material capital, actualizing the financial side of practices.

Ayşe Kökcü

The Ottoman architectural change, which occurred between the Tulip Era and the Tanzimat period (1718–1839) and was shaped by both conventional and novel styles attempting to follow Western influence, reflects the country's shifting political and cultural landscape. The change in the Ottomans’ perception of social and intellectual taste caused the architectural understanding to move away from the classical building styles. Although the Ottomans tried to train their own architects to implement the new building styles, attempts to meet the current need were made by foreign architects who received architectural education in Europe. The main figures of the new process, in which other foreign architects also took part, are the Fossati brothers. For the first time in the Ottoman Empire, after the Tanzimat, a team of foreign architects had the opportunity to undertake uninterrupted and successful works, leading to the subsequent employment of other foreign architects. This tradition, which started with the Fossati brothers in the Ottoman Empire, continued for about a century until the 1930s. In the study, an explanation of both the contributions of the Fossati brothers to the history of Ottoman architecture and the reason why they were the first representatives of a new era is proposed. In this regard, the history of the Ottoman architecture, deviating from the classical understanding and turning to a Western style, will be briefly mentioned. In addition, the buildings they constructed in Istanbul will be surveyed and their contribution to the architectural face of the city will be expressed.

Lars Krupp, Steffen Steinert, Maximilian Kiefer-Emmanouilidis et al.

Large language models (LLMs) have recently gained popularity. However, the impact of their general availability through ChatGPT on sensitive areas of everyday life, such as education, remains unclear. Nevertheless, the societal impact on established educational methods is already being experienced by both students and educators. Our work focuses on higher physics education and examines problem solving strategies. In a study, students with a background in physics were assigned to solve physics exercises, with one group having access to an internet search engine (N=12) and the other group being allowed to use ChatGPT (N=27). We evaluated their performance, strategies, and interaction with the provided tools. Our results showed that nearly half of the solutions provided with the support of ChatGPT were mistakenly assumed to be correct by the students, indicating that they overly trusted ChatGPT even in their field of expertise. Likewise, in 42% of cases, students used copy & paste to query ChatGPT -- an approach only used in 4% of search engine queries -- highlighting the stark differences in interaction behavior between the groups and indicating limited reflection when using ChatGPT. In our work, we demonstrated a need to (1) guide students on how to interact with LLMs and (2) create awareness of potential shortcomings for users.

Ika Putri Widiarti, Haerawati Idris

Background: Indonesia has been aiming toward universal health coverage since 2019, but it has yet to be achieved. The National Health Insurance (NHI) program provides individual services for women of reproductive age who require health care before pregnancy, during pregnancy, and at the time of labor. This study aims to analyze factors associated with independent NHI ownership among women of reproductive age in Indonesia. Methods: Secondary data from the Wave 5 Indonesia Family Life Survey (IFLS) involving 2,084 women of reproductive age were used. The chi-square test and logistic regression test were used for data analysis. Results: The percentage of women of reproductive age who have independent NHI was 48.4%. Age, region, residence, education, marital status, employment status, chronic disease history, health perception, and economic status were associated with the independent NHI ownership. Urban was found to be a predictor for insurance ownership. Conclusions: Women of reproductive age who live in urban areas are more likely to have NHI than those in rural areas. The Indonesian government should improve NHI ownership equality by expanding health insurance coverage in rural areas.

Igor А. Vinogradov

The research is devoted to one of the many creative ideas of Gogol in 1834. The textual analysis shows the unity of the two historical works of the writer, which were previously published as separate works. These manuscripts testify that Gogol's “Bibliography of the Middle Ages” and the course of medieval history written at the same time (of ten lectures) represent a special edition that was being prepared for publication (which remained unpublished for unknown reasons). For the first time, the reader got acquainted with the “Bibliography of the Middle Ages” and Gogol’s ten university lectures in 1896, but until that moment these materials, published separately, have not been comprehended as a single whole prepared for publication. The publication of the book, which did not take place in 1834, is put in connection with Gogol's then cooperation with the Minister of Public Education S.S. Uvarov. During this period, thanks to the minister, Gogol entered the department of general history of St. Petersburg University and published four articles in the ministerial journal. The article analyzes the content of Gogol's lecture course and its relation to his other works. The author of the article proposes a possible title for the untitled book, based on the surviving Gogol lecture program.

Mônica Yumi Jinzenji

A jovem pesquisadora Hebelyanne Pimentel da Silva, graduada em Pedagogia pela Universidade Federal de Alagoas apresenta, nesse livro, o resultado de um estudo em que analisa aspectos da trajetória de Maria Mariá de Castro Sarmento (1917-1993), professora e jornalista que viveu e atuou na cidade de União dos Palmares, situada ao norte do estado de Alagoas. Apoiando-se na micro-história, especificamente nos estudos de Carlo Ginzburg (2006) e em diálogo com Arlette Farge, Michelle Perrot, Joan Scott e outros, a autora se dedica, por um lado, a contribuir com a construção da história da educação em Alagoas e, por outro, a dar visibilidade a uma personagem que, conforme tantas outras mulheres, tiveram suas ações e a própria existência relegadas ao esquecimento (PERROT, 2018).

Laurence Arcadias, Robin H. D. Corbet

The authors investigate how teaching art and astronomy together has the potential to inspire new art forms, enhance scientific public outreach, and promote art and science education. The authors teach an astro-animation class at the Maryland Institute College of Art in partnership with NASA scientists. The animations explore science in creative ways. Astrophysicists, educators, students, and the general public were surveyed to evaluate the experiences, and benefits from this project. The responses were very positive - the program is an effective way to stimulate art students to learn science, share an artist's viewpoint beyond the classroom, and engage with the public.

Sibrand J. de Jong, Sudhir Malik, Randal Ruchti

An essential companion to the development and advancement of the field of Particle Physics is a strong program in physics education at all levels, that can attract entry level students across the full demographic spectrum and provide them with the education, training and skills needed to advance to successful careers in Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM) and other fields. This report summarizes the work of several investigative teams that have reviewed and assessed current opportunities in physics education across K-12, undergraduate, graduate and postdoctoral domains, including national and international linkages. From these assessments, recommendations have been put forward aimed to innovate educationally in strategic ways to strengthen ties between the research community and teachers, between the academic community and the private sector, and through both domestic and international connections.

Miguel Salas Soneira, Asun Pié Balaguer

El presente texto recupera herramientas para una pedagogía de la liberación y promoción de la intersubjetividad dañada en el campo de la salud mental. Nuestra lectura actualizada de Paulo Freire se articula en diálogo con los aportes de Iván Illich y su posición crítica con la patologización del sufrimiento. Ambos autores nos permiten fundamentar una praxis en el campo de la salud mental que hemos llamado arqueología del dolor. Para ello, en primer lugar, se abordan las relaciones entre opresión y salud mental dando cuenta de la colonización de los cuerpos y las mentes por la vía de la sustracción del saber lego, la psiquiatrización y sobremedicación. En segundo lugar, se abordan las prescripciones y adherencias para comprender qué aspectos de la actuación socioeducativa en salud mental asumen la forma de discursos y prácticas de carácter opresivo y qué claves pedagógicas freirianas se pueden tomar en consideración a efectos de revertir dicha condición. En tercer lugar, se presentan las especificidades de los mitos, discursos y prácticas institucionalizadas que reproducen y mantienen la opresión de los sujetos psiquiatrizados, así como algunas condiciones para su liberación; a saber, la recuperación de la palabra y la construcción simbólica de las propias historias de vida. Finalmente, se expone la experiencia de transformación que está suponiendo el movimiento internacional de Hearing Voices como ejemplo de liberación frente a la opresión biomédica.

Chirag Dhara, Vandana Singh

A transformative approach to addressing complex social-environmental problems warrants reexamining our most fundamental assumptions about sustainability and progress, including the entrenched imperative for limitless economic growth. Our global resource footprint has grown in lock-step with GDP since the industrial revolution, spawning the climate and ecological crises. Faith that technology will eventually decouple resource use from GDP growth is pervasive, despite there being practically no empirical evidence of decoupling in any country. We argue that complete long-term decoupling is, in fact, well-nigh impossible for fundamental physical, mathematical, logical, pragmatic and behavioural reasons. We suggest that a crucial first step toward a transformative education is to acknowledge this incompatibility, and provide examples of where and how our arguments may be incorporated in education. More broadly, we propose that foregrounding SDG 12 with a functional definition of sustainability, and educating and upskilling students to this end, must be a necessary minimum goal of any transformative approach to sustainability education. Our aim is to provide a conceptual scaffolding around which learning frameworks may be developed to make room for diverse alternative paths to truly sustainable social-ecological cultures.

Michael F. J. Fox, Benjamin M. Zwickl, H. J. Lewandowski

Quantum sensing, quantum networking and communication, and quantum computing have attracted significant attention recently, as these quantum technologies offer significant advantages over existing technologies. In order to accelerate the commercialization of these quantum technologies the workforce must be equipped with the necessary skills. Through a qualitative study of the quantum industry, in a series of interviews with 21 U.S. companies carried out in Fall 2019, we describe the types of activities being carried out in the quantum industry, profile the types of jobs that exist, and describe the skills valued across the quantum industry, as well as in each type of job. The current routes into the quantum industry are detailed, providing a picture of the current role of higher education in training the quantum workforce. Finally, we present the training and hiring challenges the quantum industry is facing and how higher education may optimize the important role it is currently playing.

Barbora Bruant Gulejova

The International Particle Physics Outreach Group (IPPOG) has been making concerted and systematic efforts to present and popularise particle physics across all audiences and age groups since 1997. Today the scientific community has in IPPOG a strategic pillar in fostering long-term, sustainable support for fundamental research around the world. One of the main tools IPPOG has been offering to the scientific community, teachers and educators for almost 10 years is the Resource Database (RDB), an online platform containing a collection of high quality engaging education and outreach materials in particle physics and related sciences.