Oscar Lahuerta, Claudio Carretero, Luis Angel Barragan
et al.
This article introduces a hybrid variant of a physics-informed neural network (PINN) that is designed to effectively capture both the rapid dynamics of electrical variables and the slower dynamics of state parameters in a domestic induction heating system. By utilizing observable variables, specifically the voltage and current waveforms from the inductor system, the proposed architecture aims to accurately estimate key electrical parameters, i.e., equivalent resistance and inductance, which vary over time due to the nonlinear magnetic properties of the induction load. To assess the performance of the proposed PINN architecture, a comparison with results obtained using an extended Kalman filter was conducted, which serves as a benchmark for this type of task. In addition, the robustness of both approaches was assessed by introducing varying levels of uncertainty in the observable variables. Finally, the effectiveness of both methods was validated through the analysis of experimental measurements collected from a functional prototype.
This paper investigates the joint spectrum and energy efficiency in multimanned aerial vehicle (Multi-UAV) communication network in environments beyond the fifth generation and sixth generation (B5G / 6G), with a focus on the challenges posed by redundant data. We propose a linear optimization model for bandwidth allocation that accounts for both correlated and uncorrelated data scenarios. Additionally, we enhance energy efficiency through the Augmented Lagrangian method for power control optimization. Our approach achieves superior joint spectrum and energy efficiency, with spectrum efficiency reaching 0.75 bits/Hz, outperforming other methods by effectively exploiting data correlation. Furthermore, the proposed approach demonstrates a significant improvement in energy efficiency under varying levels of source correlation, achieving up to 7 Mb/J as the correlation variance increases. These results highlight the crucial role of data correlation in optimizing joint spectrum and energy efficiency, making the proposed approach highly effective for future 6G multi-UAV networks in smart city environments, with an emphasis on reliability.
Leonhard Ziegler, Michael Grabatin, Daniela Pöhn
et al.
Abstract While self-sovereign identities (SSI) have been gaining more traction, the topic of SSI security has yet to be addressed. Especially regarding response procedures to security incidents, no prior work is available. However, incident response processes are essential to systematically respond to a security incident in a timely manner. We first evaluate the current state-of-the-art by conducting a literature survey and contacting organizations that offer SSI. The insights underpin the subject’s relevance, highlighting that incident response capabilities are just starting to be developed. Contributing to this development, we identify the challenges of building a security incident response process for SSI. Mainly, the decentralized nature inhibits the utilization of known best practices, which all focus on building a centralized incident response capability. However, even in the case of SSI, some centralized entities may exist. Therefore, we design two variants of SIR processes: one more centralized and one more decentralized. For the latter, the problem size is reduced in the first step by identifying all the stakeholders within an SSI ecosystem and then analyzing possible proactive and reactive measures each participant can access. This procedure leads to the grouping of SSI system participants into three distinct domains of incident response. For each domain, different capabilities for handling incidents are introduced depending on the involved stakeholders, their infrastructure, and their goals. To demonstrate the procedures, incident scenarios for each domain highlight the workflows during incident handling.
A theoretical framework is presented for free vibration of a flexible horizontal rectangular vessel, whether it is partially or fully filled with a fluid. The vibrational modal patterns of the vessel, whether dry or wet, are classified into symmetric and antisymmetric modes. The theoretical model conceptualizes the vessel as an unfolded plate with line supports simulating the vessel's corners. The motion of contained fluid is described using displacement potentials that adhere to the Laplace equation and fluid boundary conditions. Importantly, the proposed analytical approach accounts for the dynamic interaction between the vessel and the fluid, ensuring compatibility along their contacting surfaces. The Rayleigh-Ritz method is employed to formulate an eigenvalue problem, considering entire kinetic and strain energies of the fluid-filled vessel. The accuracy of the theoretical approach is checked by conducting finite element analyses. Remarkably, the natural frequencies obtained through commercial software align closely with the theoretical predictions for both dry and fluid-filled vessels. In instances of fully fluid-filled vessels, we can discern the presence of fluid contact at the vessel's upper plate by examining the natural frequencies and mode shapes. The proposed method offers applicability in dynamically analyzing water-filled spent fuel casks, enhancing safety during transportation.
Computer Science II is a subject in the 2nd semester of the Bachelor's and Systems Engineering, Electrical, Electronics, and Telecommunications courses. As part of the evaluation, four tasks are included in the course to be performed individually by each student. From the beginning of the course, the use of Artificial Intelligence tools was introduced in different class activities, particularly ChatGPT. In this work, the activities are described and the solutions to the tasks presented by the students are evaluated. The surveys conducted with the students regarding their experience with these tools are examined.
Power electronic systems are essential in modern electrical engineering, playing a critical role in various applications. Designing and developing hardware prototypes for these systems presents significant challenges for engineers. This paper proposes a universal framework to streamline the design and development of power electronics hardware. It also establishes a relationship between converter frequency and system clock frequency in real-time processes. The framework is validated through real-time simulation and controller hardware-in-the-loop testing using DSP and Opal RT systems. This allows the designer to examine the system behavior and controller performance prior to the physical prototype development by performing mathematically intensive computations on high-speed real-time processors.
Thermal-fluid dynamics is fundamental to a wide range of subjects and technologies, such as energy and power generation, aerospace and astronautics, combined heating, cooling and power technology, nuclear engineering, automotive engineering, mechanical engineering, biological and medical engineering, energy saving and storage, renewable energy, environment, hydrogen and interdisciplinary subjects, such as net zero emission technologies, micro-and nano-fluidics, cooling of micro-electronics and propulsion systems, advanced thermal processes, waste heat energy recovery and others. It plays a crucial role in the development and breakthrough of scientific theories, innovative technologies and revolution of industry, clean energy and environmental issues
Abstract In the realm of electrical engineering, standards play a pivotal role in ensuring the quality and reliability of electrical systems. This paper conducts a comprehensive comparative analysis of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC), and European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization (CENELEC) standards, with a particular focus on power quality engineering. Specifically, it focused on key parameters such as the K-factor, the factor K, the Harmonic Loss Factor FHL and the unbalanced factor. By elucidating the differences and similarities between these standards, this study aims to provide insights into their respective impacts on electrical infrastructure, guiding engineering practices, and facilitating global trade. Understanding the regional applicability and industry impact of IEEE, IEC, and CENELEC standards is essential for engineers, manufacturers, and policymakers to navigate the complexities of electrical quality engineering in a diverse and interconnected world.
The dangers associated with the entanglement of nuclear and conventional forces have become an area of increasing concern. In this article, I survey the growing nuclear-conventional entanglement risks in Northeast Asia as well as the ways in which entanglement is driving a new era of nuclear arms racing in response. In order to better manage the risks of nuclear crises occurring, I outline the need for a greater emphasis on assurance policies to match the current focus on making deterrent threats. Given the high chance of such crisis nevertheless occurring in Northeast Asia in the years ahead, I make the case for developing what I call “crisis management interoperability” between allies armed with nuclear and strategic non-nuclear weapons. Such interoperability is aimed at ensuring that the difficult task of crisis signalling is not further complicated by alliances with entangled nuclear and conventional forces.
Nuclear engineering. Atomic power, International relations
Abstract Neuromorphic hardware enables energy-efficient computing, which is essential for a sustainable system. Recently, significant progress has been reported in neuromorphic hardware based on two-dimensional materials. However, traditional planar-integrated architectures still suffer from high energy consumption. This review systematically explores recent advances in the three-dimensional integration of two-dimensional material-based neuromorphic hardware to address these challenges. The materials, process, device physics, array, and integration levels are discussed, highlighting challenges and perspectives.
Materials of engineering and construction. Mechanics of materials, Chemistry
The increasing interconnectivity with external networks and the higher reliance on digital systems make chemical and process industries, including waste and drinking water treatment plants, more vulnerable to cyber-attacks. Historical evidence shows that these attacks have the potential to cause events with severe consequences on property, people, and the surrounding environment, posing a serious threat. While the risks deriving from the malicious manipulation of the Basic Process Control System (BPCS) and the Safety Instrumented System (SIS) in chemical and Oil&Gas facilities have been systematically analysed in the available literature, including previous works of the Authors, the analysis of the consequences of cyber-attacks to drinking water treatment plants has not been conducted to date. To fill this gap, in the present study the methodology POROS 2.0 (Process Operability Analysis of Remote manipulations through the cOntrol System) developed by the Authors was applied to a drinking water treatment plant, providing valuable insights on possible critical scenarios originated by cyber-attacks in these facilities.
Chemical engineering, Computer engineering. Computer hardware
Purposes To investigate the influence of different tamping methods on the reinforcement effect of sand dynamic compaction, this research has been done from the perspective of soil stress distribution characteristics. Methods The dynamic compaction model test was carried out in the outdoor field to monitor the vertical and radial soil pressures in the soil and falling weight acceleration during tamping process, and the displacements in the soil were analyzed by numerical simulation method. Findings It is concluded that in the construction of dynamic compaction method, the vertical soil pressure waveform is the shock wave waveform or the vibration attenuation wave shape, and the radial earth pressure waveform is the impact waveform; There are two reinforcement modes in the process of dynamic compaction, the soil under tamping point is mainly vertically compacted, while the soil side of tamping point also has significant radial compaction; At the same level of dynamic compaction, heavy falling weight is suitable for deep soil and radial soil reinforcement, while light falling weight is suitable for rapid reinforcement of shallow soil. Conclusions The research results have a certain guiding significance for the selection of tamping methods of the same energy level dynamic compaction.
Chemical engineering, Materials of engineering and construction. Mechanics of materials
The growing importance of numerical simulations in the welding industry stems from their ability to enhance structural performance and sustainability by ensuring optimal manufacturing conditions. The use of the finite element method (FEM) allows for detailed and precise calculations of the mechanical and material changes caused by the welding process. Acquiring knowledge of these parameters not only serves to augment the quality of the manufacturing process but also yields consequential benefits, such as reducing adverse effects. Consequently, the enhancement of structural performance and prolonged lifespan becomes achievable, aligning with overarching sustainability goals. To achieve this goal, this paper utilizes numerical simulations of welding processes based on experimental tests, with a specific focus on analyzing temperatures generated within the structures. In the finite element analysis (FEA), a total of 12 welding cycles were systematically modeled to align with experimental conditions, incorporating cooling intervals, preheating considerations, and the relevant section of the connecting concrete structure with studs. The outcomes of this research exemplify the potential of numerical simulation in the welding industry, demonstrating a diverse range of results achieved through FEA to enhance the quality of structures within the context of sustainability.
Chemical engineering, Computer engineering. Computer hardware
N. Kannaiya Raja, E. Laxmi Lydia, Thumpala Archana Acharya
et al.
In recent years, drones or Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) got significant attention among researchers because of their extensive application in commercial applications, border surveillance, etc. As the conventional terrestrial communication system does not work effectively on heavy calamities namely floods, landslides, cyclones, earthquakes, etc., UAVs can offer a potential solution for inexpensive, rapid, and wireless communication. Despite the drones’ benefits in emergency monitoring, security is been a main factor because of the existence of wireless connections for transmission. Therefore, this article introduces optimal deep learning with image encryption-based secure drone communication (ODLIE-SDC) technique. The major intention of the ODLIE-SDC technique lies in the effectual secure communication and classification process in emergency monitoring scenarios. To accomplish this, the presented ODLIE-SDC technique designs a hyperchaotic map-based image encryption technique and its optimal keys are produced by the use of a rider optimization algorithm (ROA). The image classification process is performed encompassing EfficientNet-B4-CBAM feature extraction and enhanced stacked autoencoder (ESAE) classification. Finally, the hyperparameter tuning of the EfficientNet-B4-CBAM technique takes place using the Bayesian optimization (BO) algorithm. The experimental validation of the ODLIE-SDC technique is tested on the AIDER dataset. The comprehensive comparative analysis reported the enhanced performance of the ODLIE-SDC technique over other existing approaches.
Abstract Capacitor mismatch problem due to process variation causes weight error, which deteriorates the linearity of SAR ADC. In this paper, a novel calibration scheme based on genetic algorithm(GA) combined with a radix‐less‐than‐2 SAR ADC is proposed to extract the weight error caused by capacitor mismatch. This is a foreground calibration scheme and no extra injections are added. The proposed GA‐based calibration scheme is simulated based on 40 nm CMOS technology. After calibration, ENOB increases from 10.19 bits to 11.46 bits, INL changes from +2.22/−2.12 LSB to +0.81/−0.80 LSB, and DNL changes from +1.79/−1.00 LSB to +0.99/−1.00LSB. As can be seen from the simulation results, the proposed calibration scheme can effectively improve the linearity deterioration caused by capacitor mismatch.