Hasil untuk "Drawing. Design. Illustration"

Florian Odi Stummer

Clinical AI systems routinely train on health data structurally distorted by documentation workflows, billing incentives, and terminology fragmentation. Prior work has characterised the mechanisms of this distortion: the three-forces model of documentary enactment, the reification feedback loop through which AI may amplify coding artefacts, and terminology governance failures that allow semantic drift to accumulate. Yet translating these insights into implementable software architecture remains an open problem. This paper proposes seven ontology-aware design patterns in Gang-of-Four pattern language for building clinical AI pipelines resilient to ontological distortion. The patterns address data ingestion validation (Ontological Checkpoint), low-frequency signal preservation (Dormancy-Aware Pipeline), continuous drift monitoring (Drift Sentinel), parallel representation maintenance (Dual-Ontology Layer), feedback loop interruption (Reification Circuit Breaker), terminology evolution management (Terminology Version Gate), and pluggable regulatory compliance (Regulatory Compliance Adapter). Each pattern is specified with Problem, Forces, Solution, Consequences, Known Uses, and Related Patterns. We illustrate their composition in a reference architecture for a primary care AI system and provide a walkthrough tracing all seven patterns through a diabetes risk prediction scenario. This paper does not report empirical validation; it offers a design vocabulary grounded in theoretical analysis, subject to future evaluation in production systems. Three patterns have partial precedent in existing systems; the remaining four have not been formally described. Limitations include the absence of runtime benchmarks and restriction to the German and EU regulatory context.

Meng Li, Yu Zhang, Leshan Li

The Industry 4.0 refers to a industrial ecology which will merge the information system, physical system and service system into an integrate platform. Since now the industrial designers either conceive the physical part of products, or design the User Interfaces of computer systems, the new industrial ecology will give them a chance to redefine their roles in R&D work-flow. In this paper we discussed the required qualities of industrial designer in the new era, according to an investigation among Chinese enterprises. Additionally, how to promote these qualities though educational program.

Enric Burgos

El presente artículo investiga la representación del animal y de la relación humano-animal en Las vidas de Marona (Anca Damian, 2019). Tras considerar las huellas del giro animal en el audiovisual en general y en el ámbito de la animación en particular, procedemos al estudio del largometraje guiados por la metodología del análisis fílmico y atendiendo a las especificidades estéticas de la animación. Conectamos en primera instancia el tipo de protagonismo que la película concede a la perra con la débil antropomorfización a la que el personaje es sometido. A continuación, valoramos los recursos que contribuyen a ponernos en la piel de la perra, destacando la sensorialización y somatización del discurso. Seguidamente, examinamos el retrato de los personajes humanos e incidimos en la propensión intersubjetiva de la protagonista. Por último, las conclusiones remarcan las sinergias entre la experimental propuesta formal y el mensaje animalista del film.

Yuxuan Yin, Yu Wang, Boxun Xu et al.

Analog circuit design requires substantial human expertise and involvement, which is a significant roadblock to design productivity. Bayesian Optimization (BO), a popular machine learning based optimization strategy, has been leveraged to automate analog design given its applicability across various circuit topologies and technologies. Traditional BO methods employ black box Gaussian Process surrogate models and optimized labeled data queries to find optimization solutions by trading off between exploration and exploitation. However, the search for the optimal design solution in BO can be expensive from both a computational and data usage point of view, particularly for high dimensional optimization problems. This paper presents ADO-LLM, the first work integrating large language models (LLMs) with Bayesian Optimization for analog design optimization. ADO-LLM leverages the LLM's ability to infuse domain knowledge to rapidly generate viable design points to remedy BO's inefficiency in finding high value design areas specifically under the limited design space coverage of the BO's probabilistic surrogate model. In the meantime, sampling of design points evaluated in the iterative BO process provides quality demonstrations for the LLM to generate high quality design points while leveraging infused broad design knowledge. Furthermore, the diversity brought by BO's exploration enriches the contextual understanding of the LLM and allows it to more broadly search in the design space and prevent repetitive and redundant suggestions. We evaluate the proposed framework on two different types of analog circuits and demonstrate notable improvements in design efficiency and effectiveness.

Sadhbh Kenny, Alissa N. Antle

As Artificial Intelligence ecosystems become increasingly entangled within our everyday lives, designing systems that are ethical, inclusive and socially just is more vital than ever. It is well known that AI can algorithmic biases that reflect, extend and exacerbate our existing systemic injustices. Yet, despite most teenagers interacting with AI daily, only few have the opportunity to learn how it works and its socio-technical complexities. This is a particularly salient issue for marginalized communities. BIPOC teens are often misrepresented throughout AI development and implementation, but they are also less likely to receive STEM education.In response to these unprecedented socio-technical challenges and calls for more critical approaches to child-centered AI design and education, we explore how we can leverage co-speculative design practices to help scaffold BIPOC youth (ages 14-17) critiques of existing AI systems and support the re-imagining of more just AI futures. Drawing on Harway's Situated Knowledges and Speculative Fabulations, these workshops highlight the unique ways marginalized youth perceive AI as having social and ethical implications and how they envision alternative worlds with AI. Our case study describes three 2 hour sessions of a larger 8 week black-led AI STEM program. Analysis includes, data from pre-post surveys, workshop recordings, focus group discussions, learning artifacts, and field notes. We contribute 1) a discussion of how youth perceive AI as having social and ethical implications, 2) a nuanced understanding of how speculative approaches can be leveraged to support youth engagement with complex socio-technical issues and 3) enable youth to open up new AI possibilities in a world absent of techno-capitalist values.

Olena Polishchuk

Метою розвідки є аналіз особливостей моделювання у дизайнерській діяльності, розгляд явищ скевоморфізму та «ефекту радикальної форми», їхніх естетичних чинників і наслідків у дизайнерській практиці в контексті взаємодії аналогового/безаналогового моделювання під час формоутворення. Методологія. У дослідженні застосовуються методи порівняльного аналізу, синтезу, індукції, дедукції, екстраполяції. Результати. з’ясовано спектр думок фахівців у галузі дизайну щодо трактування понять «моделювання», «модель», «формоутворення» і значення моделювання як методу пізнання та діяльності у дизайнерській практиці; розглянуто значення безаналогового моделювання для інноваційної діяльності сучасного дизайнера, а також аналогового моделювання, що спричиняє видозміну, удосконалення наявних зразків, ролі в ньому методів екстраполяції, ідеалізації, прийомів абстрагування, імітації, наслідування форми; проаналізовано чинники популярності дизайнерських розробок у споживачів, зокрема функціональну доцільність, фінансову привабливість та естетику виробу, а саме: естетичні моменти під час його першого пред’явлення й споглядання споживачам. Наукова новизна. Досліджено феномен «ефекту радикальної форми» як наслідку реагування споживачів на принципову новизну форми та функцій дизайнерського продукту та значення скевомормізму під час формоутворення; проаналізовано зв’язок скевоморфізму й прагнення розробника пом’якшити негативізм споживачів щодо принципово нових за функціями об’єктів через використання вже звичних предметних форм, застосованих й успішно апробованих в інших виробах, однак таких, що мають лише зовнішню подібність із новим виробом, і наголошено, що у такий спосіб можливе подолання бар’єру інформаційної новизни. Практична значущість дослідження полягає, насамперед, у тому, що привертає увагу до явища «ефекту радикальної новизни», його впливу на споживачів різних вікових груп, різного освітнього цензу і відмінних культурних практик. Його врахування дає змогу зробити більш ефективною дизайн-діяльність.

Fitro Nur Hakim, Muhammad Sholikhan

The rapid advancement of digital communication technologies has heightened the demand for robust data security methods, particularly for safeguarding sensitive information against cyber threats. Steganography, the art of concealing data within digital media, offers an effective means of securing communication by masking the very existence of hidden messages. This study evaluates the Two Least Significant Bits (2LSB) method as an enhancement to the conventional Least Significant Bit (LSB) technique, focusing on improving storage capacity and resistance to detection. The research employs a quantitative methodology, conducting experiments to analyze the impact of data embedding on image quality using metrics such as Mean Squared Error (MSE) and Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio (PSNR). Data embedding was tested on images of varying sizes and resolutions, with results compared before and after embedding. The study also evaluates the system’s tolerance to compression and robustness against steganalysis attacks, such as histogram analysis and noise detection. The results demonstrate that the 2LSB method significantly enhances storage capacity while maintaining high image quality. For instance, PSNR values remained above 40 dB across all tested images, indicating minimal visual distortion. The method also showed resilience to lossless compression formats such as PNG, with minimal impact on data integrity. However, lossy compression formats like JPEG posed challenges in maintaining the embedded data. The MSE values before and after embedding were minor, ensuring that the hidden data remained undetectable under standard analysis. This research contributes to developing more efficient and secure steganography techniques, providing practical applications in protecting sensitive data during transmission. The findings underline the 2LSB method's potential as a viable solution for digital security, balancing enhanced storage capacity with robust resistance to detection. Future work should further explore integrating advanced encryption with 2LSB to strengthen data protection in diverse digital environments

Demircan Tas

This study aims to present a material based, second order design method that makes the rapid creation of bridging structures in order to connect two or more horizontal planes which are currently separated and three design instances created via such method. The first element of the presented method is a generative system that creates circulation surfaces through the interpolation of the curves defined on the current surfaces, and also creates the structural volumes via rheotomic (minimal) surfaces. The second constituent is the instantiation of the exposed variable, connected to a displacement algorithm inspired by allometry based on user input, contextual data, or simulation results. The method was created with applicability through additive manufacturing in consideration. The design process - similar to manufacturing - proceeds in a vertical manner, in order to reduce the generation of support geometry as much as possible. The system includes a raster data input viable for simulation results, feeding the accumulation variable in order to modify material amount or quality with the aim of improving structural performance where stress is greater. Through the application of the method, three physical models which connect different horizontal planes were obtained. The models can be evaluated with digital of physical simulations, and results can be utilized in an iterative manner, improving the results by each recursion.

Andrew Perkis, Mattia Bellini, Valentina Nisi et al.

This white paper was written by the members of the Work Group focusing on design practices of the COST Action 18230 - Interactive Narrative Design for Complexity Representation (INDCOR, WG1). It presents an overview of Interactive Digital Narratives (IDNs) design for complexity representations through IDN workflows and methodologies, IDN authoring tools and applications. It provides definitions of the central elements of the IDN alongside its best practices, designs and methods. Finally, it describes complexity as a feature of IDN, with related examples. In summary, this white paper serves as an orienting map for the field of IDN design, understanding where we are in the contemporary panorama while charting the grounds of their promising futures.

Letizia Bollini, Francesco E. Guida

In this second issue devoted to memory and its relationship with the digital, we have chosen the image of an object, a Micronesian navigation chart.2 It originates within a tradition of implicit and empirical knowledge of a territory made experiential and handed down through an actual artefact. Unlike an ancient portulanus (pilot book), the map is physical and tactile and does not realistically reproduce or represent the morphology of the territory but rather a model of it. However, like Western nautical cartographies, this orientation tool embeds different levels of knowledge of a territory, or rather, of a context within which it is necessary to orient oneself in order to interact. Oriented thanks to the stellar compass, they include quantitative and qualitative information on ocean currents, flows, winds and "betia" or time-varying environment-based seamarks.

María Belén De Grandis

Durante la década de 1960, la actuación de la primera generación de arquitectos formados en la Universidad Nacional de La Plata renovó el paisaje arquitectónico de la ciudad. Entre sus representantes emergió la figura de Vicente Krause, quien con una poética personal supo aunar la sensibilidad artística con el conocimiento técnico en la experimentación proyectual. Este artículo se propone como un aporte al análisis de su obra, desde una mirada biográfica que se centra en su relación con el arte, e intenta desarticular la imagen personalista que el mismo arquitecto conformó, para situarlo en función de las ideas de la época, sus recorridos colectivos y las distintas facetas de su producción, en un contexto económico y político cambiante. El estudio de su legado busca revalorizar su trayectoria, junto con la de otros referentes que se desempeñaron en el ámbito local y que pasaron desapercibidos en la historiografía argentina del siglo XX.

Livio Belloï

Le présent article prend pour objet He Done Her Wrong, l’ouvrage hors norme publié en 1930 par le dessinateur américain Milt Gross. Cette œuvre est surtout connue pour son caractère muet, singularité formelle qui a fréquemment valu à He Done Her Wrong d’être associé à Gods’ Man, l’imposant roman sans paroles publié une année plus tôt par Lynd Ward. Après avoir interrogé la pertinence de cette connexion, l’article s’attache à explorer, au travers de micro-lectures, le système spatio-topique mis au point par Milt Gross. De cet examen, il ressort que l’inventivité dont le dessinateur fait montre en la circonstance est essentiellement affaire de malléabilité graphique — une malléabilité appliquée à l’ensemble des données fondatrices de la représentation (cadre, case, page). C’est dans cette malléabilité généralisée que semble devoir résider le caractère profondément expérimental de l’œuvre en question.

A. Juniarti, Z. Jojo, R. C. I. Prahmana

A tambourine is one of the musical instruments commonly used in Islam. It is also used in an extracurricular activity in various schools so that many students are familiar with the instrument, making it relevant for learning mathematics. Furthermore, there is an approach to learning mathematics called Indonesian Realistic Mathematics Education (IRME), where students start the learning with contexts close to their lives. This study aims to design a learning trajectory using the IRME approach with a tambourine context to support students' understanding of circles. This learning progresses from the informal stage to the formal through the IRME approach. The study applied design research with three stages: preliminary design, design experiments, and retrospective analysis. The research subjects were 19 six-grade students in one of the elementary schools in Balangan, South Kalimantan, Indonesia. The instruments used were videos to observe the learning process and how students work on the questions given, photos to reference students’ work, and a test in a student worksheet to obtain data on students’ work. The results reveal the learning trajectory practised using the tambourine as the context seen in the student's daily activities. The learning trajectory consists of four events: assembling the tambourine, drawing an illustration of the tambourine, listing the parts of a circle, and solving a problem related to the parts of the circle. In addition, this study also shows that learning trajectory activities have essential roles in supporting students' understanding of the concept of a circle.

Dwi Titi Maesaroh, A. Aridah, Desy Rusmawaty

Along with the Islamic schools’ vision and mission, their curriculum generally integrates Islamic values with all subjects taught at schools including the English subject. However, the implementation of the integration is still considered a challenge. This research aimed at confirming the possibility of Islamic stories being used as supplementary materials for English teaching at Islamic elementary schools and give an analysis of how to develop Islamic stories for English teaching materials. This research was carried out at SD IT Insan Karim, Samarinda. Employing a qualitative design, this research used interviews, observation, and documentation to collect data. The interviews with the school principal, English teacher, and one of the parents were carried out to obtain data regarding the curriculum and policies, the target needs, and the learning needs of the English subject. Observation and documentation were managed to support and confirm the findings. Data collected was then analyzed through data condensation, data display, and conclusion drawing/verification. The results show that Islamic stories can be used as supplementary materials to integrate English teaching and Islamic values in the context of Islamic elementary schools. Islamic stories should be developed by considering several aspects and steps such as the curriculum, the language used, illustration and appearance, guidance for teachers, and moral lessons/values. The result of this research could serve as the basis for designing Islamic stories as supplementary materials and have implications for further research and development particularly in the context of Islamic elementary schools.

Panagiotis Lionakis, Giorgos Kritikakis, Ioannis G. Tollis

We present experimental results and a user study for hierarchical drawings of graphs. A detailed hierarchical graph drawing technique that is based on the Path Based Framework (PBF) is presented. Extensive edge bundling is applied to draw all edges of the graph and the height of the drawing is minimized using compaction. The drawings produced by this framework are compared to drawings produced by the well known Sugiyama framework in terms of area, number of bends, number of crossings, and execution time. The new algorithm runs very fast and produces drawings that are readable and efficient. Since there are advantages (and disadvantages) to both frameworks, we performed a user study and the results show that the drawings produced by the new framework are well received in terms of clarity, readability, and usability. Hence, the new technique offers an interesting alternative to drawing hierarchical graphs, and is especially useful in applications where user defined paths are important and need to be highlighted.

Hadi Keramati, Feridun Hamdullahpur

Generative design has been growing across the design community as a viable method for design space exploration. Thermal design is more complex than mechanical or aerodynamic design because of the additional convection-diffusion equation and its pertinent boundary interaction. We present a generative thermal design using cooperative multi-agent deep reinforcement learning and continuous geometric representation of the fluid and solid domain. The proposed framework consists of a pre-trained neural network surrogate model as an environment to predict heat transfer and pressure drop of the generated geometries. The design space is parameterized by composite Bezier curve to solve multiple fin shape optimization. We show that our multi-agent framework can learn the policy for design strategy using multi-objective reward without the need for shape derivation or differentiable objective function.

Sourish Sarkar, Pranav Pandey, Sibsambhu Kar

A method of finding and classifying various components and objects in a design diagram, drawing, or planning layout is proposed. The method automatically finds the objects present in a legend table and finds their position, count and related information with the help of multiple deep neural networks. The method is pre-trained on several drawings or design templates to learn the feature set that may help in representing the new templates. For a template not seen before, it does not require any training with template dataset. The proposed method may be useful in multiple industry applications such as design validation, object count, connectivity of components, etc. The method is generic and domain independent.

Matthew Peterson, Cesar Delgado, Kok‐Sing Tang et al.

ABSTRACT Pedagogical content knowledge of science teachers includes knowledge of representational forms, such as visual displays. Past research has provided a general means to evaluate pictures, but is not fine-grained on features internal to pictures. Furthermore, many existing picture function typologies consider pictures as subservient to text, though pictures have their own explanatory power. We here adapt a general ‘performative’ image function typology into a science-specific taxonomy of cognitive image functions with fine-grained distinctions of design strategies related to interpretative processes. The authors, including science educators and graphic designers, refined and expanded functions of imagery using visual displays in science textbooks following a constant comparison method. The resulting performative image function taxonomy consists of a structural framework that distinguishes conceptual elements internal to pictures (i.e. concepts, entities, components, attributes, adjuncts, configurations); a process model that identifies three interpretative phases necessary to understand visual displays (i.e. approach, activity, outcome); and 17 functions across the interpretative phases. We demonstrate these functions through analysis of and modifications to visual displays from science textbooks. Many of the modifications presented here can be repeated with rudimentary drawing over existing illustrations (e.g. arrows, dividing lines, labels), and they are thus accessible to science teachers and students.

G. Hon, B. R. Goldstein

This is a contribution towards a history and philosophy of modeling in its early stages in electromagnetism. In 1873, James Clerk Maxwell (1831-1879) hinted at the methodology of modeling at the end of his Treatise on Electricity and Magnetism. We focus on Maxwell's impact on physicists who immediately followed him, specifically Oliver Lodge (1851-1940) and George Francis FitzGerald (1851-1901). We begin with the role that the scientific concept of model played in the late nineteenth century, as assessed by Ludwig Boltzmann (1844-1906). We then discuss the role of hypothesis as a methodology, the appeal to (dynamical) illustration, and the way Maxwell applied model and working model in his studies of electromagnetism. We show that for Maxwell these key terms were kept distinct, but Lodge did not maintain these distinctions and, in this regard, FitzGerald followed Lodge. Notwithstanding Lodge's influence, Fitzgerald modified Maxwell's theory based on the mechanical model he designed, thereby implicitly taking the first step towards modeling. This methodology consists in drawing consequences from the (mechanical) model to the (electrodynamic) theory and modifying the latter in light of the functioning of the former. At the core of our argument is the thesis that it was a methodological novelty to move from the concept of model to the methodology of modeling. The introduction of modeling as a new methodology into physics in the late nineteenth century was a major event which deserves proper recognition.

Vasily A. Dolgushev

GT-shadows are tantalizing objects that can be thought of as approximations of elements of the mysterious Grothendieck-Teichmueller group $\widehat{GT}$ introduced by V. Drinfeld in 1990. GT-shadows form a groupoid GTSh whose objects are finite index subgroups of the pure braid group PB_4, that are normal in B_4. The goal of this paper is to describe the action of GT-shadows on Grothendieck's child's drawings and show that this action agrees with that of $\widehat{GT}$. We discuss the hierarchy of orbits of child's drawings with respect to the actions of GTSh, $\widehat{GT}$, and the absolute Galois group G_Q of rationals. We prove that the monodromy group and the passport of a child's drawing are invariant with respect to the action of the subgroupoid of charming GT-shadows. We use the action of GT-shadows on child's drawings to prove that every Abelian child's drawing admits a Belyi pair defined over rationals. Finally, we describe selected examples of non-Abelian child's drawings.