Hasil untuk "Biography"

Christophe Meunier

In his many books for young people, author-illustrator Peter Sís has often taken an interest in the lives of illustrious men, all of whom shared a taste for travelling and the experience of a quest to retrieve the freedom they had been denied. Welzl, Columbus, Galileo, Darwin, Saint-Exupery—in every respect, each of these travellers follows the imaginary quest for freedom that Sís conceived from his own experience as an immigrant. The five biographies we propose to study in this article show that children’s picture books are not a specific genre of literature, but rather a plastic and narrative form that plays with genres.In this article, we will demonstrate that Sís’s biographies all rely on the same plot structure, and aim at generalising the same modus habitandi/vivendi. Sís deploys his talents as a storyteller who uses pictures in order to give meaning to a constellation of biographemes that reveal how one’s self changes in relation to encounters, relationships and itineraries. Such is, at least, the thesis we would like to defend through the analysis of the five biographies that will constitute our corpus

Joanna Anczaruk

In the article I examine whether an act of coming out of an LGBT+ person can be perceived as an existencial equvalent of a religious rite of passage. Paper contains an analysis of fragments of diaries from the collective volume All the Strength I Draw for My Life. Testimonies, accounts, diaries of LGBTQ + people, composed of texts sent to a diary competition organized by the Institute of Applied Social Sciences of the University of Warsaw. To conceptualize the term ‘rite of passage’, I adopt a methodological framework derived from the phenomenology of religion and the theory of Mircea Eliade. A qualitative narrative analysis of the lived experience is conducted in the phenomenological approach to show the similarities between the meaning structures of the coming out act and the phenomenon of initiation. In conclusions drawn from the juxtaposition I prove the point that in researching modern spirituality it is useful to abandon the binary opposition between the sacred and the profane in order to provide a reliable description of the phenomena.

Monika Stępień

Nella Rost – despite her numerous achievements – has not yet been the subject of a biography. The aim of this article is to summarize the most important information found in sources and scholarly studies concerning her, as well as to highlight her contributions to culture, education, science, and politics. Nella Rost was the daughter of Rabbi Ozjasz Thon, the preacher of Krakow’s Tempel Synagogue, one of the leading Zionist figures in the Polish lands, and a member of the Polish Parliament. She was a teacher at the Hebrew Gymnasium in Krakow, an activist in the Krakow branch of WIZO (Women’s International Zionist Organization), a journalist for Głos Kobiety Żydowskiej (The Voice of the Jewish Woman), deputy head of the Provincial Jewish Historical Commission in the postwar Krakow, and later the head of a similar commission in Stockholm, as well as a collaborator with the World Jewish Congress. Her biography is intertwined with the history of Krakow’s Zionist movement and local press, Jewish women’s movements in the Polish lands, and the early historiography of the Holocaust.

Ananda Nayla, Haru Deliana Dewi

Translations of the same text might be different from one version to another based on the translation strategies that are used by the translator. By examining the translation strategies in the old and the new translations of a book titled The 100: A Ranking of the Most Influential People in the World by Michael Hart, this research aims to analyze the different translation procedures, methods, and ideology used in the two versions. To conduct this research, the researcher uses the descriptive qualitative method with a purposive sampling technique. This research focuses on analyzing the first chapter about the biography of Prophet Muhammad and the fifth chapter about the biography of Confucius. The findings show that there are nine translation procedures used in both the old and the new translations. However, there is a difference in the dominant translation procedure and the frequency of the overall translation procedures. The dominant procedure in the old translation is expansion, while in the new translation is naturalization. The total frequency of the procedures in the new translation is also not as many as the old translation. Based on the procedures found, the old translation uses the communicative translation method and free translation method, while the new translation uses the faithful translation method and semantic translation method. This result shows that there is a shift of ideology between the old and the new translations, from domestication to foreignization.

Marta Rakoczy

The text discusses Bożena Wojnowska’s book Korczak’s Other Face, which provides a new interpretation of Janusz Korczak’s (Henryk Goldszmit) writings and activities – an interpretation focused on themes of identity. Although Korczak declared himself invariably as “a Jew and a Pole,” his Jewish identity was sometimes forgotten or overlooked. The themes of children’s rights and new education associated with Korczak encouraged a decontextualization and universalization of his work. Wojnowska’s approach allows us to see Korczak’s biography in a different light than the Holocaust-dominant focus of recent publications about him. On the one hand, through extensive research on source materials, Wojnowska reconstructs the local, Warsaw-centered, Polish-Jewish, and ultimately Central and Eastern European context of Korczak’s thought. On the other hand, she juxtaposes the local with supra-local contexts, rarely present in Polish studies of the matter: the tradition of Midrash, Judaic hermeneutics of Torah, Martin Buber’s dialogism, Emmanuel Lévinas’ phenomenology of dialog, or the philosophy of Kant, Goethe, and Stanislaw Brzozowski.

Francesca Simoncini

The section is devoted to the biographical profiles of Luigi Duse (1792-1854), Alessandro Vincenzo Duse (1820-1892) and Angela Cappelletto Duse (1833-1875).

Laurent Rollet

The Poincaré family has its roots in Lorraine, in the departments of Meurthe-et-Moselle, Meuse and Vosges. Arrancy-sur-Crusne, Bar-le-Duc, Landaville, Longuyon, Lunéville, Nancy, Neufchâteau, Remenoncourt, Xirocourt are among of the towns and villages where the ancestors of the two most famous Poincarés, Henri and Raymond, were born and lived. This article proposes a long-term history of the family of Henri Poincaré and is based on a vast synthesis of existing genealogical information. First, I quickly explore the ancient origins of the name ’Poincaré’ and certain indirectly linked branches of the family. Following this, I give a more detailed analysis of the private and career paths of the principal members of the closest branch of the family, particularly Henri Poincaré’s father, uncle and paternal grandfather. This study ends by focusing briefly on the marriages and respective descendants of Henri Poincaré and his sister Aline. This article is structured around a dual ambition. The first aim is to contribute to knowledge of Poincaré’s biography with particular focus on the private sphere. The second is to finely characterize Poincaré’s the social milieu throughout his life.

The article discusses the mythologization of Bella Akhmadulina’s biography and personality on the material of memoirs and literary texts, some of which are being introduced into literary criticism for the first time (1963 photos of Akhmadulina are also published for the first time). The study is aimed at identifying the constants, the dynamics of Akhmadulina’s biographical myth, and its functioning in culture. As its theoretical foundation, the study employs the methods of historico-cultural approach to biography (G. O. Vinokura, I. N. Rozanova, etc.), the theoretical works by Yu. N. Tynyanov, the principles of interpretation of biography by Yu. M. Lotman, the methods of receptive aesthetics and narratology, and the sociological approaches to literature. The study focuses on the prototypical models of biography mythologization, stable mythemes and symbols, as well as interpretations of the poet’s personality determined by memoirists’ positions in the literary field, genre conventions, and ideological and taste preferences. The nature of the material makes it necessary to study the development of the Akhmadulina myth outside, “after” the biography: the writers carry out creative reception and continue the mythologization of the image of the poet in their own work. The biographical myth, as the analysis has shown, accelerates the development in culture in contact with new media. The analysis undertaken in the work has lead to the conclusion about the decisive role of the author’s poetic word in the myth about the poet, has revealed the key symbols of the myth about Akhmadulina, and its heterogeneous representations. It has been found that genre, style, and even ideological and aesthetic boundaries become permeable to recurring mythologemes and symbolism: fictional and non-fictional, artistic and scientific, memoir and pamphlet texts reproduce recurrent images-symbols and plots. As a result, the myth about the poet can be considered as a text of culture, informative for the study of two opposite aspects of myth- creation: it characterizes not only the “protagonist”, but also the era that gives birth to this character, and reveals its demands, and the sought-after cultural mythology.

K. A. Shaposhnikov

The article is devoted to a new information resource of the State Public Historical Library of Russia (SHPL) – the Biography database, which takes into account publications of a biographical and iconographic nature in pre-revolutionary periodicals. The database is part of the reference apparatus of the biography cabinet – a new structural unit as part of the reference and bibliographic department of the SHPL. A distinctive feature of the resource is the combination of biographical information about a person, bibliographic descriptions of information sources and direct links to their digital copies in the “Open Electronic Library” of the SHPL. The practical experience of the SHPL bibliographers in the formation of the database and the creation of normative records is presented, the range of sources used in its formation and the creation of normative records is characterized. Examples of normative records of geographic objects are given. The main search capabilities of the database, available to readers of the SHPL and for remote users are described. The possibilities of further development of the information resource, including information from registers of births, creation of a corporate project with interested libraries and archives of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation are considered. This will provide additional opportunities to recreate the biographies of Russians of the late 19th – early 20th centuries, and can become a serious help both for professional historians and for a wide range of amateur genealogists studying the history of their famil.

Souhir Zekri Masson

Associated with such life writing genres as (auto)biographies and memoirs, anecdotes are described as stories which “illustrate particular ideas, concepts, and views of the way a life is lived, making considerable editorial commentary on the nature of a particular ideological moment and the effect of that moment on individual lives.”(Encyclopedia of Life Writing) Anecdotes thus focus on, and highlight, episodes of a person’s life by transforming them into tales and stories using fictional narrative techniques and suspenseful plot twists. Having emigrated from Italy to Scotland at the beginning of the twentieth century and established his fish and chip shop in Glasgow, Joe Pieri was then interned and turned into an “enemy alien” on the day Italy declared war on Britain in 1940. In Isle of the Displaced, his book about this traumatic event, Pieri turns the most marking aspects of his journey to, and life in “Camp S” in Canada into a series of witty and comic anecdotes. This paper focuses on the definitions and history of anecdotal theory in order to analyse Pieri’s fictionalisation strategies and the way these stories function as a psychological dam in times of crisis, in addition to re-inscribing these important events in British and Italian histories. The main contention of this article is that the appeal of fiction increases during life’s most difficult times mainly thanks to the imaginative and tragic-comic powers of literariness.

Kilin A.P.

The article is devoted to the analysis of the social situation of disenfranchised citizens. The object of the study is an ordinary citizen of the USSR: a former rural teacher and the wife of a priest Serafima Aleksandrovna Kilina (born in 1888), the subject of the article is the reconstruction of her biography. The methodological basis of the research is the anthropological approach and the synthesis of macro- and micro-history. The main source of the study is the personal file of a citizen who filed a petition before the election commission to restore their electoral rights. The personal file is a complex and multi-component source, which contains documents reflecting the quasi-judicial procedure for considering the applicant's appeal, as well as necessary and sufficient materials for making a decision, received at the initiative of the applicant or members of the election commission. The source base is supplemented by legal acts regulating the deprivation and restoration of voting rights. Materials of S. A. Kilina's personal file contain significant factual data that allow us to reconstruct her biography; they describe the bureaucratic procedures figuratively and in detail; they contain fragments of direct speech of the participants of the events, which makes this historical source very valuable. S. A. Kilina's biography includes both typical and unique facts that allow us to expand our understanding of the procedure for disenfranchisement and employment practices in early Soviet society. The fate of the citizen in the transition era allows us to reflect the process of social construction of the "new person", which, contrary to the declared goals, not only provoked downward social mobility and negative social selection, but could have more tragic consequences.

Nazlı Gündüz

Since ancient times, hunger, drought, animosity or the search for better education caused people to leave their lands and go to other places or other countries. Inevitably, these types of moves bring the phenomenon of culture to the fore. This article discusses how the Zaza /Alevi born Dutch writer Murat Işık, who witnessed emigration from Turkey to The Netherlands, deals with the factors of internal migration in his novel Verloren Grond (Lost Ground), which bears traces of his family’s biography. In the work, migration of the Uslu family brings to the agenda feelings, hopes and disappointments of family members. The novel is examined with the aid of both the push-pull model of migration and pushing and pulling factors leading to migration. The most important pushing factor in the novel is the father’s leg amputation. The ground inherited from his father is thought to be the only pulling factor for the family because it will provide them with economic salvation. The phenomenon of land is very important for human beings because it represents ancestral heritage, belongingness, identity and freedom. The second important pushing factor is an earthquake, which triggers the idea of going to the big city as a pulling factor. After the migrations, the members of the family experience various types of social and cultural adaptation problems. Thus, through the novel we realize that the phenomena of migration are economically, socially and culturally important for the Uslu family, and consequently have positive and negative results for each individual.

Dobko Tetiana

Aim of the article. The article focuses on analyzing the manuscript of the unpublished bibliographic index “P. H. Tychyna. 1917-1971" (Kyiv, 1974) prepared for publication at the Central Scientific Library of the Academy of Sciences of the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic (now V. I. Vernadskyi National Library of Ukraine). The purpose of the present research is to study the structure and contents of the index in order to find out the reasons why it was not published and not made available for the general public so far. The research methodology is based on the use of historical and comparative methods and source analysis. Historical and typological as well as historical and chronological methods have been also used. This methodological approach allows to thoroughly analyze the text of the index together with the previously published bibliographic manuals dedicated to Pavlo Tychyna with the aim of assessing their information capacity in order to objectively represent his factual biography as a poet. The scientific novelty of this research lies in the fact that the information about this personal bibliographic index has been introduced for scientific use for the first time. It has been proved that the authors of the index (Ivan Boiko, Yevheniya Kara, Кateryna Skokan) did a great research work by thoroughly compiling bibliographic index dedicated to the outstanding Ukrainian poet, researcher and public figure Pavlo H. Tychyna (with total of 4,620 bibliographic records included). The index, prepared in a highly professional manner, was recommended for publishing, but taken on ideological grounds and complicated socio-political atmosphere of totalitarianism in Ukraine in the 1970’s it did not see the light of day. Conclusions. The manuscript under study that covers publications of the poet’s literary and research heritage as well as works on his life and creative legacy, published during the period from 1912 to 1972, constitutes a well-grounded basis for creating Pavlo Tychyna’s full-fledged bibliographic index. Moreover, a full-scale bibliographic database can be established by using modern information technologies. In order to ensure the completeness, objectivity and reliability of the life and work study of the outstanding Ukrainian poet Pavlo Tychyna it is important that this bibliographic index should cover as complete source base as possible, in particular with foreign publications, including those by Ukrainian diaspora.

Institute for Nuclear Research

Brief biography and scientific achievements of Valeriy Mykhaylovych Pugach in relation with his 75-th anniversary.

Claire Bidart

Starting life as a couple induces important transformations in the structure of one’s personal network. The partner often finds him/herself in the middle of the different components of the network that would otherwise remain isolated. But this centrality of in-betweenness is not general and the various positions the partner can take are correlated in particular with gender, social origin and how long the couple has been together. To what extent are relationships with friends and family members shared or not when the couple starts cohabiting? Which part of the network is pooled and shared, which part remains dissociated? The aim here is to examine, on the basis of a longitudinal, qualitative survey, the social disparities in this respect and to shed light on the different sequences leading to the network being centered on the partner, or on the contrary, decentralized.

Diana Price

The biography of William Shakespeare exerts an influence on various areas of research related to Shakespeare, including textual, bibliographical, and attribution studies. A case in point is the theory that Shakespeare wrote the Hand D Additions in the Sir Thomas More manuscript. That theory is now part of received scholarship, even though many of the assumptions and arguments first published in 1923 have been challenged. The original palaeographic argument can be reappraised with reference to the criteria and procedures of the forensic document examiner. Recent scholarship relevant to an investigation of the case that the Hand D Additions are Shakespeare’s ‘foul papers’, including Paul Werstine’s Early Modern Playhouse Manuscripts and the Editing of Shakespeare, provides the foundation for a brief reconsideration of that topic. Supporting arguments for the Hand D attribution, in particular those based on orthography, prove vulnerable to challenge.

AJ Larner

2015 marks the 100th anniversary of the death of Sir William Gowers (Figure), one of the towering figures of clinical neurology in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, who has rightly entered the pantheon of neurological greats [1,2]. A splendid recent biography has provided many insights into his life and career [3].

E A Sorokina

When the study of English legal history began, scholars have sought to measure of influence of the Roman law on the common law tradition. Legal historians, first of all, have started to attend how Roman law was studied and used. As a result became conventional that Roman law was introduced into England by Master, Magister Vacarius and he was one of significant figures in the twelfth-century history. At the same time, on pages of domestic researches we will not find separate works devoted to his biography, activity and oeuvre. This article turns basically to one disputable question connected with the locus of Vacarius's law teaching in England, particular in Oxford.

Yves DAVO

After a study comparing Art Spiegelman’s cover album with the “outrenoir” concept theorized by the French painter Pierre Soulages, this article will aim at redefining Spiegelman’s autobiography as “outrebiography,” understood here as going beyond the bounds of a mere testimony of the self towards the biography of a shared experience. This narrative figure, at the junction of self-centered discourse and political lampoon, gives the album a dissident overtone and will thus be analyzed as a counter-narrative. The “beyond black” cover of that post-9/11 narration will eventually appear not only as revelation but as a way to resist.

A. Schlesinger