This study proposes a holistic, principle-based approach to Istanbul’s transportation problems instead of fragmented solutions. A three-stage analytical methodology was developed to evaluate Istanbul’s transportation system from a principle-oriented perspective. In the first stage, 12 principles shaped by a sense of stewardship were identified based on current literature and expert insights. These principles were grouped under four thematic pillars and prioritized using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). In the second stage, the current transportation policies of the Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality (IMM) were evaluated by experts. These evaluations were then clustered using the K-Means method, and the resulting clusters were interpreted to prioritize the identified problem areas. In the final stage, strategic documents and project proposals were assessed through a principle-alignment analysis and the Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) method, respectively. In this way, the strategies and projects most closely aligned with the identified principles were systematically revealed. By integrating qualitative and quantitative analyses (expert judgments, AHP, K-Means, TOPSIS) within a mixed-methods framework, the research aims to provide decision-makers with a viable and objective basis for transportation policy development.
Since independence, Algeria has devoted particular attention to its architectural heritage by enacting legislation aimed at its protection and preservation against threats that could lead to its disappearance. Among the most significant is Law No. 98-04 on the Protection of Cultural Heritage (1998), along with subsequent complementary regulatory texts. Within this framework, extensive programs for the restoration of historical landmarks have been launched across various regions of the country. The city of Tlemcen has notably distinguished itself as one of the main urban centers to experience a significant wave of restoration works, especially during 2010 and 2011 in preparation for the “Tlemcen, Capital of Islamic Culture 2011” event. Among the most prominent of these projects is the reconstruction of the Royal Palace at the Mechouar Citadel, which represented a unique intervention on an archaeological and architectural site of this scale. This study aims to trace the trajectory of the palace from the archaeological excavations that uncovered its remains to its eventual reconstruction, while providing a critical analysis of this experience in terms of methodology and outcomes. The goal is to contribute to the scholarly discussion on the challenges and implications of reconstruction as a strategy for the preservation of architectural heritage in Algeria.
Türkiye is a country on the Alpine-Himalayan earthquake zone and needs an effective disaster management plan, with its geography experiencing severe seismic activities. In this respect, natural disaster risks can be reduced by using developing artificial intelligence technology and deep learning applications in the mitigation, preparedness, response, and recovery phases that constitute the disaster management plan. This study examines deep learning models, application areas, deep learning layers and libraries used, and how deep learning can be used in the four stages of disaster management through study examples in the literature. The study aims to examine the use of deep learning in architecture and disaster management phases based on the earthquake factor as a result of the literature review. As a result, when studies on deep learning are examined, disaster management studies closely related to the discipline of architecture are mainly in the response phase. However, the discipline of architecture plays an important role at every stage of disaster management. In this respect, as holistic studies and applications related to deep learning, architectural science, and effective disaster management increase, the loss of life and property due to disasters, especially earthquakes, will decrease. The study carried out is thought to be an important guide for future research.
This paper reflects on the results of the recent technical policy for energy requalification in Italy, focusing on both the European objectives of decarbonisation, circularity and industrialisation of the sector, and the size and characteristics of demand. Starting from the comparison between the two main models of efficiency of the public and private building stock, based respectively on the Minimum Environmental Criteria and the Superbonus, the study examines the effectiveness and limitations of the measures for private construction, which constitutes the majority share of the entire Italian building stock. The study identifies the Energiesprong model as a possible way to improve the management and quality of energy requalification interventions capable of expanding their effectiveness beyond the environmental point of view.
Aesthetics of cities. City planning and beautifying, Architectural drawing and design
Marcus Tang Merit, Masashi Kajita, Jonna Majgaard Krarup
This paper is based on 8 months of sociological participatory fieldwork at the office of Gottlieb Paludan Architects, following the design process of a new concourse area for Ny Ellebjerg Station in Copenhagen, Denmark. The study aims to trace what presence users with physical disabilities possessed during a design process in which they were not physically present or explicitly involved. The study bases its findings on the visual material produced during the design process by the employees of Gottlieb Paludan Architects as well as the thoughts and discussions of practitioners. Drawing on actor-network theory, the study describes and analyses these human and non-human actors as they constitute and contribute to the design process. The study finds that users with physical disabilities were present within the design process through an implicit <i>generalized presence</i> and an explicit <i>required presence</i>. <i>Generalized presence</i> refers to those instances where the architectural qualities that were strived for in the project implicitly aligned with the needs of users with physical disabilities. <i>Required presence</i> refers to those instances during the design process where accessibility demands from client guidelines or building regulations played an important role.
Olivia Chen has conducted research into the transient dawn markets of Hong Kong in which hawkers secretly operate second-hand markets, forming a liminal space in which objects of inconsequential value are sold and exchanged. Through this Chen has built an understanding of the web of the social relations and hierarchies that underpin poorer areas in Hong Kong, exposing the socio-economic disparities in Bulkeley Street, Hung Hom and giving the lie to the prosperous facade of Hong Kong. The reality that she captures is a vanishing one, with street markets giving way to shopping malls. Through protracted observation, Chen has found that such markets contribute to the recycling and exchange mechanisms of a material economy of the city, and that such spaces of production build social cohesion through weaving webs of social connections. As a wish to manifest these social webs, Chen’s work The Bulkeley Market explores storytelling as a spatial practice in ways that highlight the importance of such issues in the production of social space.
Otogar alanları, kentler arası ulaşım ağının kent ile buluştuğu, diğer toplu taşıma ağları ile entegre, kullanıcı için optimum erişilebilirlik özelliklerine sahip yerlerde konumlanması gereken fonksiyonlardır. Yolcu toplama ve aktarma tesisleri olarak tanımlanan otogarlar, Türkiye kentlerinde ulaşım işlevlerinin yanı sıra konaklama, yeme-içme, alışveriş gibi birçok fonksiyonu barındıran alt merkez alanlarıdır. Çalışma alanı olarak seçilen Isparta ili, öğrenci ve askeri hizmet hareketliliğinin yoğun olduğu orta ölçekli bir Türk Kentidir. Yılın belli dönemlerinde yolcu trafiği yüksek olan Isparta için otogar alanı en önemli planlama araçlarından biridir. Isparta kenti için otogar alanının mevcut yerinden taşınması ve yeni yer seçimi kentin geleceği için uzun sürede gündemde olan bir sorunsal halini almıştır. Bu nedenle bilimsel nedenlere dayanan çözüm önerileri idareciler açısından konunun önemini arttırmaktadır. Analitik Hiyerarşi Yöntemi ile Isparta ili mekânsal gelişimi, arazi kullanım ve ulaşım yapısı, mevcut otogar alanı ile birlikte incelenmiş, yeni otogar alanı alternatifleri belirlenen yer seçim kriterleri doğrultusunda sınanmıştır.
The gradual transition from fossil fuels to a carbon neutral economy is one of the greatest challenges of our time. The European Union has undertaken numerous initiatives aimed at what is called the energy – and at the same time digital – transition, in order to create growth, jobs, to improve the quality of life of citizens, and to fight climate change. The EU renewed its climate commitment by launching a regulatory process that led in 2019 to the final approval of a package of directives known as the “Clean Energy for all Europeans Package”1 aimed at ensuring a 40% reduction of greenhouse gas emissions compared to 1990 levels, a 32% increase in the use of renewable sources for final energy consumption, a 32,5% reduction in primary energy consumption compared to the trend scenario, an increase of 15% of cross-border electricity interconnection capacity on installed electricity generation capacity. In Italy, the Integrated National Plan for Energy and Climate 2021-2030, drawn up by the Ministry of Economic Development, the Ministry of the Environment, Land and Sea and the Ministry of Infrastructure and Transport, identifies objectives, trajectories and measures that represent our country’s commitment to achieving the European targets by 2030.
In this reference framework, the energy transition, that is the transformation of the electricity system, implies a series of challenges to be faced while maintaining the current high levels of service quality and avoiding an excessive increase in costs for the community.
Among the enabling factors of this transformation we can identify on the one hand the new digital technologies, which allow to collect information at low cost (IoT, smart meter), to transfer large data streams with reliable connectivity solutions (optical fiber, 5G) and to store and analyze data effectively (advanced analytics), on the other hand investments in innovation projects that bring together new digital solutions allowing to face the challenges of the energy context through a transition based on the integration of renewable sources, strengthening of transmission capacity, resilience of infrastructures. «We are witnessing a rethinking of the methods of managing networks, especially distribution networks, which must pass from passive to active. This direction of evolution is identified, at an international level, with the term Smart Grid2, implying highly innovative structures and operating methods that are also able to cope with the numerous problems related to the management of Diffused Generation, the promotion of energy efficiency and greater involvement of end users […]. Now it is no longer enough just to satisfy the growing demand for electricity, but we must respond to new needs that can only be solved thanks to the use of ICT» (Delfanti, 2011; Silvestri, 2011).
The current centralized and top-down distribution of energy will become more and more obsolete and will eventually disappear. In the new era, companies, administrations, homeowners will be able to become producers as much as consumers of their own energy (prosumers), the so-called “distributed generation”, by aggregating and collecting renewable energy generated locally and distributing it through smart grids (Mazzari, 2011).
Smart grids use wireless sensors, software and utility computing that allow to observe and control how much energy is consumed, to increase the generation and storage capacity of RES energy, to improve the quality and operational safety of the entire electricity distribution system, to allow the active participation of users in the market through the integration of all users connected to the grid.
In this regard, analyst Jesse Berst affirmed that smart meters can be considered as an invention equal to the telephone system, the transcontinental railway, the internet (Palma, 2011).
These preliminary considerations are useful for understanding the role played by COGEPA Telecommunication S.p.A., an engineering, design, construction and maintenance company of telecommunications networks, technological systems, networking and low, medium and high voltage energy transport systems. The number of the Address Book has identified the Company as a qualified interlocutor whose reference market is represented by telephone operators, large infrastructures and Public Administrations.
In the following pages, through a dialogue with Eng. Luca Palermo, Commercial Director of COGEPA Telecommunication S.p.A., we will develop some reasoning on Smart Grids and the role of digital technologies, and on how the company’s know-how has allowed to anticipate the opportunities offered by technological innovations while respecting the environment in an energy saving and efficiency optics.
In questo quadro di riferimento la transizione energetica, nella fattispecie la trasformazione del sistema elettrico, implica una serie di sfide da affrontare mantenendo gli attuali elevati livelli di qualità del servizio ed evitando un aumento eccessivo dei costi per la collettività.
Tra i fattori abilitanti di questa trasformazione si possono individuare da un lato le nuove tecnologie digitali, che consentono di raccogliere informazioni a basso costo (IoT, smart meter), di trasferire grandi flussi di dati con soluzioni affidabili di connettività (fibra ottica, 5G) e di stoccare e analizzare i dati in maniera efficace (advanced analytics), dall’altro gli investimenti in progetti di innovazione che mettono insieme le nuove soluzioni digitali permettendo di affrontare le sfide del contesto energetico attraverso una transizione basata sull’integrazione delle fonti rinnovabili, il rafforzamento della capacità di trasmissione, la resilienza delle infrastrutture. «Si assiste a un ripensamento delle modalità di gestione delle reti, soprattutto di distribuzione, che devono passare da passive ad attive. Questa direzione di evoluzione è identificata, a livello internazionale, con il termine smart grid2, sottintendendo strutture e modalità operative fortemente innovative che siano anche in grado di far fronte ai numerosi problemi legati alla gestione della Generazione Diffusa, alla promozione della efficienza energetica e a un maggiore coinvolgimento degli utenti finali […]. Adesso non basta più solo soddisfare la crescente domanda di energia elettrica ma bisogna rispondere a nuove esigenze risolvibili solo grazie al ricorso alle ICT» (Delfanti, 2011; Silvestri, 2011).
L’attuale distribuzione centralizzata e dall’alto verso il basso di energia, diverrà sempre più obsoleta fino a scomparire. Nella nuova era le aziende, le Amministrazioni, i proprietari di casa potranno diventare produttori tanto quanto consumatori della loro stessa energia, la cosiddetta “generazione distribuita”, aggregando e raccogliendo l’energia rinnovabile generata localmente e distribuendola per mezzo delle smart grid (Mazzari, 2011).
Le reti intelligenti utilizzano sensori wireless, software e utility computing che permettono di osservare e controllare quanta energia viene consumata, di aumentare la capacità di generazione e stoccaggio dell’energia da FER, di migliorare la qualità e la sicurezza di funzionamento dell’intero sistema di distribuzione di energia elettrica, di consentire la partecipazione attiva dell’utenza nel mercato attraverso l’integrazione di tutti gli attori connessi alla rete.
A tal proposito l’analista Jesse Berst ha affermato, riguardo ai contatori intelligenti, che possono essere considerati come un’invenzione pari al sistema telefonico, alla ferrovia transcontinentale, ad internet (Palma, 2011).
Aesthetics of cities. City planning and beautifying, Architectural drawing and design
Giuseppa Novello, Maurizio Marco Bocconcino, Giada Mazzone
<p>Michel Foucault, in The Words and Things, recognizes among the fundamental characteristics of modern thought the constant need to reflect on the relationship that is established between "thought" and its "representation" and how the latter is connoted as essential through communication.</p><p>Street art, understood as a form of artistic expressive creativity, is part of these communicative processes that find their legitimacy in the development of a system of representations. Many representations and drawings, starting from prehistoric graffiti, have had the primary function of transmitting a message, often oscillating between competing aims: to suggest and arouse emotions, to spread knowledge, to transfer or induce knowledge, to give different interpretations of the world and life.</p><p>The contribution reports the results of our research that aims to investigate Street art and its semantic redetermination by deepening the plurality of forms, figures, techniques and action and management strategies that have been implemented and experimented in the city and territory of Turin in recent years. Taking advantage of the comparative analysis method, it has been possible to evaluate, through targeted examples, those results and inventive solutions that still today appear to have the greatest impact: a reading of works conducted also through different criteria, based on the analysis and critical comparison of expressive intentions and representative solutions, linked to the relationships that these works have with the architectural contexts and with the urban structure of reference.</p><p>DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.20365/disegnarecon.24.2020.20">https://doi.org/10.20365/disegnarecon.24.2020.20</a></p>
Hızla gelişen ve değişen dünyada, teknoloji kavramı hayatın her noktasında var olmaktadır. Tasarım alanında her geçen gün daha çok etkisini hissettiğimiz dijital teknoloji müze kavramını da yakından ilgilendirmektedir. Çalışmanın amacı, gelişen teknolojinin etkisi ile sergileme ve sunum yöntemlerinin müzecilik anlayışında yarattığı değişimi vurgulamak ve çağdaş teknikleri uygulamanın önemine değinmek, bu durumun Türkiye ve Dünya’daki yansımalarını ele alarak, müze-toplum diyalogunun daha sağlıklı bir şekilde kurulmasına katkıda bulunmaktır.
Çalışma kapsamında iki tür materyal kullanılmıştır. Bunlardan ilki teorik ve görsel bilgi ağırlıklı konuyla ilgili yayınlar, tez çalışmaları, ders notları, mimari ve iç mimari dergiler ile internet kaynaklarıdır. Taranan ve incelenen bilgiler, genelden özele doğru sıralanmıştır. İkinci materyal ise literatürde taranan Türkiye ve Dünya’dan müze örnekleri üzerinden başta İstanbul’daki Sakıp Sabancı Müzesi ve Atina’da yer alan Yeni Akropol Müzesi yazarlar tarafından yerinde tespiti, ilgili kişilerle görüşmeler ve mekân fotoğraflarıyla analiz edilmesidir. Çalışmada izlenen metot ise gözlem ve tespittir. Konu ile ilgili yayınlar, tez çalışmaları, ders notları, mimari ve iç mimari dergiler ile internet kaynaklarından yararlanılarak yapılan araştırmalar ve gözlemler sonucunda, tespit çalışması yapılmıştır.
Çalışma kapsamında çağdaş müze mekanları içerisinde yer alan dokunmatik ekran, hologram teknolojisi, simülasyon, sanal gerçeklik gibi dijital sergileme teknikleri Türkiye ve Dünya’dan müze örnekleri üzerinden anlatılacaktır. Başta İstanbul’daki Sakıp Sabancı Müzesi ve Atina’da yer alan Yeni Akropol Müzesi olmak üzere, müze mekânlarındaki dijital tasarımlar özgün fotoğraflarla birlikte, mekân analizi ve sergileme teknolojileri ile ilişkisi açısından ele alınacaktır. Sonuç olarak müze yapılarının sanat eseri olduğu günümüzde, birey-mekân ve eser arasında oluşan birlikteliğe bağlı dijital çözümler, müzecilik anlayışına yeni bir bakış açısı ve tasarım anlayışı kazandırmıştır. Çalışma dijital müzecilik ve inter-aktif sergileme alanında çalışma yapacak tasarımcılara ve araştırmacılara yol gösterecek niteliktedir.
Building construction is considered a complex, dynamic and highly hazardous process which embraces many factors that are potentially dangerous to workers. Many studies proved that the improvement of preventive and proactive measures -dynamically included in the building design, planning and construction- could reduce site accidents as well as increase the site productivity. In this context, process management models and information visualization techniques such as Building Information Modelling (BIM) and Virtual Reality (VR) seem to be devoted to strongly contribute to the advancement of the current safety management practices. For this reasons, the presented contribution starts with a short review of the adoption of BIM and BIM-related digital technologies for risk management together with VR application for Construction Health and Safety which aim to generate immersive environments from which workers can experience safe insights into the way the real construction site works. The main objective of this contribution is to review existing proposals in this field of construction health and safety as related to ICT technologies, especially BIM and Virtual Reality, in order to propose, at the end, a project framework able to guide future researches and applications on the use of BIM-enabled Virtual Reality for Safety purposes for site design validation and related workers’ training.
Architectural drawing and design, Aesthetics of cities. City planning and beautifying
Nel Dicembre 2003 usciva il numero zero di AND dedicato a Jean Nouvel AND Firenze. Una vera avventura editoriale con pochissima esperienza ma molta passione condivisa con Eugenio Martera ed un gruppo di giovanissimi architetti fiorentini d’origine e d’adozione.
El texto presenta la investigación y los estudios previos desarrollados en torno a este importante y significativo campanario, su delicado estado de conservación que amenaza peligro, los criterios asumidos previamente y los trabajos desarrollados durante las obras de restauración, que han contemplado el conjunto del mismo, incluido el tratamiento de la piedra. Especialmente interesante es la consolidación de la parte superior de la estructura del campanario con la intervención de la escultura de San Juan, que implicó un estudio detallado de su historia y avatares, antes de la reparación de su anclaje y su revestimiento de láminas de plomo.
Conservation and restoration of prints, Architectural drawing and design
The proceedings of the competition were also influenced by the fact that the protestant religious conviction of the commissioning authority and the accompanying requirements a church building had to comply with, did not appear to have played an equally important role for all the parties involved in the competition, which was of overriding importance for the outcome. In the explanations of the designs of a number of participating architects the importance of a good view of the pulpit and good acoustics are prominent. In the jury report typically protestant requirements concerning hearing and seeing the clergyman play a less prominent role. The jury report shows that the members of the jury were primarily interested in the visual characteristics of the church buildings designed.
Although the jury actually considered the design of Verheul, which scored well on many functional points, as the best design, the design of P. du Rieu was preferred to Verheul’s because it was said to have a more ecclesiastical character. Thanks to the perceptivity of the commissioning authority the Reformed Congregation in Apeldoorn eventually obtained a church building which was satisfactory from a functional point of view, and did not just possess the aesthetic qualities awarded by the jury.
The commissioning authority kept an eye on the requirements set to a church building by the protestant service, so that Verheul’s design was realized and not the design of Du Rieu which had been awarded by the jury. The many incidents during the competition and the subsequent fierce reactions from architectural circles make the Apeldoorn competition one of the most discussed competitions in the nineteenth-century history of architectural competitions in the Netherlands.