This paper analyzes the impact of artificial intelligence (AI) on technological innovation through logic reasoning and empirical modeling. Based on the industrial robot data provided by the International Federation of Robotics (IFR) and the panel data of China's 14 manufacturing sectors from 2008 to 2017, this paper empirically analyzes the impact of AI on technological innovation. Our analysis shows that the mechanism of how AI affects technological innovation is that the former promotes technological innovation through accelerating knowledge creation and technology spillover, improving learning and absorptive capacities, while increasing R&D and talent investment. Our empirical results indicate that under the condition of controlling intensity of R&D investment, FDI, ownership structure, technical imitation, AI significantly promotes technological innovation. And the impact of AI on technological innovation experiences sector heterogeneity: AI has more significant impact on the technological innovation of low-tech sectors. The higher the level of AI, the greater its impact on technological innovation. Based on our established conclusions, we provide corresponding suggestions and recommendations for managerial decision-making.
This article examines the fundamental right to worker protection in the face of automation, as provided for in Article 7, XXVII, of the 1988 Constitution of the Republic, in light of the technological transformations impacting labor relations in Brazil. It analyzes the concept of automation, its effects on the labor market, attempts at legislative regulation of the matter, and the judgment of Direct Action of Unconstitutionality by Omission No. 73 by the Supreme Federal Court, which recognized the legislative delay in issuing the regulatory norm. The examination demonstrates that constitutional protection against automation is part of the system of fundamental social rights and imposes on the State the duty to ensure its realization.
Mahidur R. Sarker, Maher G. M. Abdolrasol, Saad Mohamad Hanif Md
et al.
Agricultural automation (AA) driven by artificial intelligence (AI) and the Internet of Things (IoT) represents a transformative approach to addressing modern farming challenges, such as resource optimization, animal health monitoring, precision farming, and supply chain efficiency. This study examines the adoption and development of AI and IoT technologies in agriculture over the past decade, focusing on key advancements, trends, and their practical applications in the field. A bibliometric analysis of 3404 publications from 2014 to 2024, revealing a 402% growth in research output over the decade, with 18.21% of contributions originating from China and 13.82% from the United States, highlighting these nations’ leadership in this field. Prominent themes include smart agriculture, precision farming, and AI‐driven decision‐making systems. The findings also show a comparatively lower contribution from European countries, indicating potential areas for collaborative growth. This analysis identifies critical tools and technologies, such as IoT‐enabled sensors and AI‐powered data analytics that address real‐time agricultural issues, such as crop health monitoring and yield prediction. The bibliometric analysis identifies key themes including smart agriculture, precision farming, and AI‐driven decision systems. Performance data from reviewed studies show that Long Short‐Term Memory (LSTM) models achieve up to 97% accuracy in yield prediction based on time‐series data, while convolutional neural networks reach 90%–99% accuracy in image‐based plant disease detection. IoT‐enabled precision irrigation systems demonstrate 20%–30% water savings, and autonomous machinery has been shown to reduce labor requirements by up to 25%. Furthermore, the study anticipates significant future advancements, including enhanced energy‐efficient IoT devices and integration of robotics in farming. By presenting a comprehensive review of the literature and identifying gaps in current research, this work provides valuable insights for policymakers, researchers, and industry stakeholders aiming to accelerate the adoption of AI and IoT in agriculture.
Sibel Osman, Laurentiu Ceatra, Grigore Cican
et al.
This work investigated the physical properties of Jet-A blended with n-heptane and various n-alcohols. The mixtures contained 10%, 20%, and 30% n-alcohols, including n-propanol, n-butanol, n-pentanol, n-hexanol, n-heptanol, and n-octanol. These alcohols are either derived from biomass or have significant potential for bio-based production. The blends were assessed against American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) D1655 standards for Jet-A in terms of the density, viscosity, and flash point. Additionally, the refractive index and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis were employed to gain insights into the blend chemical composition. Density measurements for the blends fell within the ASTM specifications (0.7939 to 0.8075 g·cm<sup>−3</sup>). Viscosity measurements at −20 °C were not directly conducted due to technical limitations. However, extrapolating viscosity–temperature data suggests that the blends would meet the ASTM standard. Flash point measurements revealed that all mixtures exhibited values below the ASTM specification of 38 °C. Regression equations were developed to estimate the density, kinematic viscosity, and refractive index of the studied mixtures as a function of alcohol volume. Furthermore, a correlation study was conducted to estimate density and viscosity from refractive index measurements, given their simplicity, and minimal sample volume requirements. The R<sup>2</sup> values for these correlations exceeded 0.99, indicating a strong relationship between the refractive index and the other properties.
Engineering machinery, tools, and implements, Technological innovations. Automation
Volunteering is a catalyst for developing well-being-oriented communities, which are fundamental to the social economy. The transition towards a social economy triggers questions about volunteer roles and the forces which drive them. The paper explores volunteers' motivations, attitudes, and expectations and volunteering as a catalyst for deploying the social economy concept. A survey was conducted among the volunteer community in Bulgaria, and 422 volunteers responded. The study shows that while each person has their motivations for participating in charitable activities, volunteers stand out for their desire to develop new skills, meet new people, belong to a specific community, and change society for the better. The analysis enriches existing views by identifying effective communication as key to attracting and retaining volunteers. Organisations must clearly explain their mission, be transparent about their goals and expectations, and create an environment where volunteers feel valued for their contributions. The obtained insights complement the existing theoretical knowledge in the field of social economy, human resources and motivation. They will also stress the need to develop policies to promote civic and corporate volunteering. The need for more in-depth research in managing voluntary organisations and, more specifically, managing voluntary human resources is emphasised.
Pavel O. Savelev, Andrei I. Shumeiko, Victor D. Telekh
The development of dynamic missions of small satellites requires the development of efficient, compact, and reliable propulsion systems (PSs). This paper investigates a propellant storage and supply system (PSSS), utilizing alternative solid-state propellants in the form of wire. To establish the background to the suggested solutions implemented in the proposed system, two types of comparative analysis were performed. The first one compared different types of propellant management system designs while the second juxtaposes a variety of propellants. It is shown that the solid-state systems for small satellite operations are advantageous, while the selection of propellants should be focused on safe operations and operational requirements. The principle of operation and structural design of the proposed wire-based solid-state propellant management system are discussed, including the assessment of its engineering realization. The strategies to mitigate the potential problems with the system’s operations such as propellant unwanted deposition and corrosive effects are suggested. An example of using the proposed system is provided, which considers a deep space dynamic mission case. The proposed PSSS architecture is dedicated to increasing the energy efficiency, resilience to environmental factors, and suitability for small satellite platforms, including that of the CubeSat format.
Engineering machinery, tools, and implements, Technological innovations. Automation
Péter Nagy, Ádám István Szabó, Ibolya Zsoldos
et al.
Pollution from road vehicles enters the air environment from many sources. One such source could be if the vehicle is equipped with an auxiliary heater. They can be classified according to whether they work with diesel or gasoline and whether they heat water or air. The subject of our research series is an additional heating system that heats the air, the original fuel is gasoline. This device has been built up in a modern engine test bench, where the environmental parameters can be controlled. The length of the test cycle was chosen to be 30 min. The tested fuels were E10, E30, E100 and B7. A 30-min operating period has been chosen in the NORMAL operating mode of the device as a test cycle. The focus of the tests was particle number concentration and soot composition. The results of the particle number concentration showed that renewable fuel content significantly reduces the number concentration of the emitted particles (9.56 × 10<sup>8</sup> #/cycle for E10 vs. 1.65 × 10<sup>8</sup> #/cycle for E100), while B7 causes a significantly higher number of emissions than E10 (3.92 × 10<sup>10</sup> #/cycle for B7). Based on the elemental analysis, most deposits are elemental carbon, but non-organic compounds are also present. Carbon (92.18 m/m% for E10), oxygen (6.34 m/m% for E10), fluorine (0.64 m/m% for E10), and zinc (0.56 m/m% for E10) have been found in the largest quantity of deposits taken form the combustion chamber.
Engineering machinery, tools, and implements, Technological innovations. Automation
Alexander S. Efimov, Stanislav A. Eroshenko, Pavel V. Matrenin
et al.
This study emphasizes the urgent need for systems that monitor the operational states of primary electrical equipment, particularly power transformers. The rapid digitalization of and increasing data volumes from substations, coupled with the inability to retrofit outdated equipment with modern sensors, underscore the necessity for algorithms that analyze the operational parameters of digital substations based on key power system metrics such as current and voltage. This research focuses on digital substations with Architecture III and aims to develop an algorithm for processing digital substation data through an appropriate mathematical tool for time-series analysis. For this purpose, the fast discrete wavelet transform was chosen as the most suitable method. Within the framework of the research, possible transformer faults were divided into two categories by the nature of their manifestation. A mathematical model for two internal transformer fault categories was built. The most effective parameters from the point of view of the possibility of identifying an internal fault were selected. The proposed algorithm shows its effectiveness in the compact representation of the signal and compression of the time series of the parameter to be monitored.
Engineering machinery, tools, and implements, Technological innovations. Automation
This bibliometric exploration delves into the dynamic landscape of automation's influence on mechanical engineering research. Leveraging the Scopus database and employing keyword search strategies targeting article titles, abstracts, and keywords from 1972 to 2022, this study examines the interdisciplinary nexus between automation and mechanical engineering. The top outcomes revealed a persistent focus on "mechanical engineering" as a foundational subject, fluctuating trends in thematic interests such as "control systems" and "robotics," and the pivotal roles of central authors within collaborative networks. Notably, collaboration networks identified influential figures like Wang X, Li D, and Zhang X, indicating their significant connections and influence within their respective networks. Future directions point toward deeper investigations into emerging themes like the convergence of information technology with automation, fostering global collaborations, and exploring correlations between academic output and real-world technological advancements. These findings underscore the dynamic and multifaceted nature of research within this field, paving the way for continued interdisciplinary exploration and innovation at the intersection of automation and mechanical engineering.
A detailed examination of the literature reveals the significant effects that automation and robotics have had on the modern industrial, healthcare, and service sectors. This research explores the acceptability, challenges, and advantages of robots in various industries, tracing their evolution from simple machines to extremely intelligent and complex entities today. The report demonstrates how robots have evolved from conventional manufacturing roles to become essential in Industry 4.0, healthcare, and service sectors, utilizing academic research, real business data, and technical advancements. Robots have greatly increased production efficiency in the industrial sector, decreased error margins, and resulted in cost savings and higher-quality goods. The introduction of networked production systems and smart factories highlights the importance of robotics in contemporary manufacturing techniques. In healthcare, robots are revolutionizing the industry by transforming clinical settings, enhancing patient monitoring and diagnostics, and increasing the precision of minimally invasive surgical operations. This change illustrates the potential for robots to completely transform patient care and the healthcare sector as a whole. The study also examines the growing importance of robots in the service sector, where new technologies are altering the way people interact, shop, and entertain themselves. Automation and robotics are redefining how individuals engage with services, highlighting the dynamic relationship between technology and human interaction. This study underscores the potential of robots to revolutionize multiple industries and emphasizes the necessity of further research and adaptation to fully realize these advantages. Automation and robotics are key drivers of technological progress, offering prospects for ongoing innovation and improved productivity, precision, and overall quality across various sectors.
Recent smart urban mobility innovations such as intelligent transportation systems, electric vehicles, autonomous vehicles, demand-responsive transportation, shared transportation, and mobility-as-a-service are consistently identified as the panacea to many of the economic, social and environmental effects associated with private vehicles—including road congestion, urban sprawl, social exclusion, increased costs, crashes, emissions, and environmental degradation. One of the strategies of many smart urban mobility policies is to view the transportation system from a holistic perspective to seek reduction of negative effects and an improve performance. Nonetheless, given the rapid technological advances in the transportation sector, there is a need to identify and evaluate primary smart mobility innovations from a sustainability perspective. This article presents a thorough technology review and evaluation of the main smart mobility innovations identified in the literature. The study has identified and categorized six main smart mobility innovations most commonly discussed within the literature including: (a) intelligent transport systems; (b) alternative fuel systems; (c) driving automation systems; (d) shared mobility services; (e) demand responsive transport; and (f) integrated mobility systems. Furthermore, this article includes a brief description of their characteristics, applications, and also evaluates their sustainability according to their proposed impacts on transport safety, road congestion, energy consumption, the environment, and accessibility.
This study describes how a multidisciplinary team at an Australian university’s innovation hub developed their research targets and capacity. The process through which research teams establish their research targets and strategies for achieving them is often tacit, which makes process sharing challenging. Referencing Situated Learning Theory (Brown et al., 1989) and using the Design and Development Research (DDR) framework (Richey and Klein, 2007) we document the process of how researchers negotiate to develop team research targets in this study. Our workshop data suggests that if researchers want to leverage the research abilities of others in their team, their targets must remain flexible. Additionally, a range of individual and organisation hinderers, barriers and enablers of conducting research were identified, that can inform practical actions to realise research strategy targets for innovation hubs.
Daniele Ruggiu, Vincent Blok, Christopher Coenen
et al.
ABSTRACTPublic engagement is crucial to strengthen responsibility frameworks in highly innovative contexts, including as part of business organisations. One particular innovation that calls for public engagement is gamification. Gamification fosters changes in working practices to improve the organisation, efficiency and productivity of a business by introducing gratification and engagement mechanisms in non-gaming contexts. Gamification modifies the workforce’s perception of constraints and stimulates the voluntary assumption of best practices to the benefit of employees and enterprises alike. Here, we broadly discuss the use of gamification at work. Indeed, gamification raises several concerns about privacy, due to the massive collection, storage and processing of data, and about the freedom of employees: as the level of data protection decreases, so too does workers’ self-determination. We argue that the implementation of privacy by design can not only strengthen autonomy via data protection but also develop more viable instances of RRI in accordance with human rights.
Vladimir Volianiuk, Eugene Gorbatyuk, Dmitriy Mishchuk
Навантажувально-розвантажувальні роботи є невід’ємною складовою технологічного процесу будівництва. Для виконання цих робіт здебільшого застосовують крани різних типів.
Для забезпечення безаварійної роботи і підвищення надійності кранів при розрахунках конструкцій і комплектуючих елементів їх робочого обладнання важливо враховувати динамічні навантаження, які в декілька разів перевищують статичні навантаження.
Елементами динамічних навантажень механізму підіймання вантажу кранів є його пружні складові – канати і вали, які деформуються під дією навантажень. Величина цієї деформації елементів враховуються коефіцієнтами пружності або податливості лінійними та крутними чи їх зворотною величиною – коефіцієнтами жорсткості. Ці коефіцієнти залежать відповідно від лінійної або кутової деформацій.
У зв’язку з тим, що механізм підіймання вантажу складається з великої кількості пружних елементів, складання і розв’язання рівнянь для визначення цих коефіцієнтів становиться складним завданням. З метою спрощення рівнянь і цих розрахунків в роботі рекомендована приведена схема розрахунків за якою решта всіх елементів механізму приводяться до першого його елементу (двигуна). Це дозволяє значно спростити рівняння для розв’язання та визначати величини коефіцієнтів пружності або жорсткості елементів динамічних навантажень механізму підіймання вантажу кранів.
За аналогічною приведеною схемою визначається також моменти інерції механізму підіймання вантажу в періоди розгону та гальмування, складові величини, які на них впливають. Виведені рівняння для визначення термінів перехідних процесів механізму підіймання вантажу (тривалостей розгону та гальмування).
Наведена в роботі методика визначення коефіцієнтів пружності та жорсткості елементів динамічних навантажень, моментів інерції, тривалостей розгону та гальмування механізму підіймання вантажу дозволяє значно спростити розв’язання складних рівнянь і з достатньою точністю визначати їх величини.
It has been over 110 years since China’s first hydropower station, Shilongba Hydropower Station, was built in 1910. With the support of advanced dam construction technology, the Chinese installed capacity keeps rising rapid growth, hitting around 356 GW nationwide by the end of 2019, and the annual electricity production exceeds 10,000 TWh. At present, China contributes to 25% of global installed hydropower capacity, ranking first in the world for 20 consecutive years since 2001 and surpassing the combined of the 4 countries ranking second to fifth. This paper reviews China’s progress in the context of global hydropower development and examines the role of technological advance in supporting China’s hydropower projects, especially dam construction technology. China is currently actively promoting the “integration of wind, solar, hydro, and coal power generation and energy storage” and building a smart grid of multi-energy complementary power generation. New technologies and new concepts are expected to continue to lead the world’s hydropower development trends.
Abstract The study at hand elaborates on potential barriers, prerequisites and optimization potentials for the automation of the twistlock handling process in container terminals. A case analysis enlightens latest automation developments of this essential task in container transport. Eight experts from different organizations in maritime logistics and seaport operations were interviewed in a qualitative multiple-case research design. The interviews were evaluated by qualitative-quantitative content analysis with MAXQDA software. Automated twistlock handling systems are hardly implemented, although they represent the missing link between other container handling technology in the automated container transport. The study reveals that most implementation barriers consist of technological issues, followed by economic and strategic barriers. The study identifies implementation strategies and their key success and shows that safety improvements and cost reductions are major benefits of this automation. An innovation framework for this field of automation is conceptualized as scientific contribution. Practical implications include recommendations for relevant stakeholders in container logistics.
In recent years, fears of technological unemployment have (re-)emerged strongly in public discourse. In response, policymakers and researchers have tried to gain a more nuanced understanding of the future of work in an age of automation. In these debates, it has become common practice to signal expertise on automation by referencing a plethora of studies, rather than limiting oneself to the careful discussion of a small number of selected papers whose epistemic limitations one might actually be able to grasp comprehensively. This paper addresses this shortcoming. I will first give a very general introduction to the state of the art of research on potentials for automation, using the German case as an example. I will then provide an in-depth analysis of two studies of the field that exemplify two competing approaches to the question of automatability: studies that limit themselves to discussing technological potentials for automation on the one hand, and macroeconomic scenario methods that claim to provide more concrete assessments of the connection between job losses (or job creation) and technological innovation in the future on the other. Finally, I will provide insight into the epistemic limitations and the specific vices and virtues of these two approaches from the perspective of critical social theory, thereby contributing to a more enlightened and reflexive debate on the future of automation.