Hasil untuk "Maps"

Tyler N. Starr, Allison J. Greaney, Amin Addetia et al.

Antibodies are becoming a frontline therapy for SARS-CoV-2, but the risk of viral evolutionary escape remains unclear. Here we map how all mutations to SARS-CoV-2’s receptor-binding domain (RBD) affect binding by the antibodies in Regeneron’s REGN-COV2 cocktail and Eli Lilly’s LY-CoV016. These complete maps uncover a single amino-acid mutation that fully escapes the REGN-COV2 cocktail, which consists of two antibodies targeting distinct structural epitopes. The maps also identify viral mutations that are selected in a persistently infected patient treated with REGN-COV2, as well as in lab viral escape selections. Finally, the maps reveal that mutations escaping each individual antibody are already present in circulating SARS-CoV-2 strains. Overall, these complete escape maps enable immediate interpretation of the consequences of mutations observed during viral surveillance.

J. Harley

M. D. Carmo

F. Yuan, Kali E. Sawaya, Brian C. Loeffelholz et al.

G. Klebe, U. Abraham, T. Mietzner

N. K. Pareek, Vinod Patidar, K. Sud

P. Danielsson

V. Avitabile, M. Herold, G. Heuvelink et al.

Liudi Yang, Sai Manoj Prakhya, Senhua Zhu et al.

We propose a lifelong 3D mapping framework that is modular, cloud-native by design and more importantly, works for both hand-held and robot-mounted 3D LiDAR mapping systems. Our proposed framework comprises of dynamic point removal, multi-session map alignment, map change detection and map version control. First, our sensor-setup agnostic dynamic point removal algorithm works seamlessly with both hand-held and robot-mounted setups to produce clean static 3D maps. Second, the multi-session map alignment aligns these clean static maps automatically, without manual parameter fine-tuning, into a single reference frame, using a two stage approach based on feature descriptor matching and fine registration. Third, our novel map change detection identifies positive and negative changes between two aligned maps. Finally, the map version control maintains a single base map that represents the current state of the environment, and stores the detected positive and negative changes, and boundary information. Our unique map version control system can reconstruct any of the previous clean session maps and allows users to query changes between any two random mapping sessions, all without storing any input raw session maps, making it very unique. Extensive experiments are performed using hand-held commercial LiDAR mapping devices and open-source robot-mounted LiDAR SLAM algorithms to evaluate each module and the whole 3D lifelong mapping framework.

Zhiqiang Li, Hanyun Zheng

We show that a class of quasiregular Lattès maps, called orthotopic Lattès maps, are cellular Markov maps. This provides examples of expanding Thurston-type maps that are also uniformly quasiregular, and whose visual metrics are quasisymmetrically equivalent to the Riemannian distance.

Mohammad Farzamian, Nádia Castanheira, Maria C. Gonçalves et al.

Mapping Soil Organic Carbon (SOC) at a regional scale is essential for assessing soil health and supporting sustainable land management. This study evaluates the potential of using Sentinel-2 imagery and regional calibration to predict SOC in salt-affected agricultural lands in Portugal while also assessing the influence of soil properties, such as texture and salinity, on SOC prediction. A per-pixel mosaicking approach was set to analyze the relationship of spectral reflectance indices linked to bare soil conditions with SOC. SOC prediction models were developed using linear regression (LR) and Partial Least Squares Regression (PLSR). Among the tested approaches, the combination of the maximum Bare Soil Index (maxBSI) with LR produced the most accurate SOC predictions, achieving moderate prediction performance (R² = 0.52; RMSE = 0.16%; LCCC = 70%). This approach slightly outperformed the application of the 90th percentile of bare soil pixels (R90 reflectance) and the median approaches with PLSR. Notably, our findings indicate that soil salinity did not significantly affect SOC predictions within the observed salinity range of EC_e between 1.2 and 10.4 dS m⁻¹ in topsoil. However, further case studies are needed to validate this observation across diverse agricultural conditions. In contrast, soil texture and moisture content emerged as the dominant factors influencing soil reflectance. The combination of per-pixel mosaicking and regional calibration provides a practical, scalable, and cost-effective method for generating SOC maps using open access satellite imagery. To support wider adoption and improve model generalizability, future studies should incorporate a larger number of fields with a wider range of soil properties, crop types, and management practices.

Hoger Ghahramani

In this article, we consider several local conditions under which linear mappings on algebras act like Lie n-centralizers and we study these linear mappings, Lie n-centralizers and n-commuting linear maps.

Ercan Işık, Marijana Hadzima-Nyarko, Fatih Avcil et al.

On 6 February 2023, two very large destructive earthquakes occurred in the East Anatolian Fault Zone (EAFZ), one of Türkiye’s primary tectonic members. The fact that these earthquakes occurred on the same day and in the same region increased the extent of the destruction. Within the scope of this study, twenty different settlements affected by earthquakes and located directly on the EAFZ were taken into consideration. Significant destruction and structural failure at different levels were induced in reinforced concrete (RC) structures, the dominant urban building stock in these regions. To determine whether the earthquake hazard is adequately represented, the PGA values predicted in the last two earthquake hazard maps used in Türkiye for these settlements were compared with the measured PGAs from actual earthquakes. Subsequently, the damage to reinforced concrete structures in these settlements was evaluated within the scope of construction and earthquake engineering. In the final part of the study, static pushover analyses were performed on a selected example of a reinforced concrete building model, and target displacement values for different performance levels were determined separately for each earthquake. For the 20 different settlements considered, the displacements were also derived based on the values predicted in the last two earthquake hazard maps, and comparisons were made. While the target displacements were exceeded in some settlements, there was no exceedance in the other settlements. The realistic presentation of earthquake hazards will enable the mentioned displacements predicted for different performance levels of structures to be determined in a much more realistic manner. As a result, the performance grades predicted for the structures will be estimated more accurately.

Diego Moya, Rafael Manzanera, Jordi Ortner et al.

<b>Background:</b> Given the lack of previous studies on adverse events (AEs) in the area of occupational healthcare in Spain, it is very important to begin to understand this phenomenon in order to act on it. The objective was to accurately quantify AE occurring in occupational healthcare in MC Mutual during May 2021. <b>Methods:</b> We conducted a review of a representative random sample of 250 clinical records to identify AEs through an active search audit, focused on the frequency, type, severity, and preventability of these events, categorized using standardized scales. <b>Results:</b> We detected seven AEs in the sample of clinical records, representing 3% AEs per clinical record, while in the APEAS Spanish Study, they were detected in 10% of patients. The most frequent AE type was postoperative, followed by medication and diagnostic delay. The AEs were of intermediate severity and high severity and with a variable degree of being preventable. <b>Conclusions:</b> The detection of AEs has been useful in the development of projects and action plans such as specific training courses, safety patient newsletters, ambulatory risk maps, and treatment plans framed in the official certification of patient safety. These results should be evaluated in other companies similar to MC Mutual.

Josef Greilhuber, Bernhard Lamel

We study regularity properties of CR maps in positive codimension valued in pseudoconvex manifolds which carry a nontrivial Levi foliation. We introduce an invariant which can be used to deduce that any sufficiently regular CR map from a minimal manifold into such a foliated target is either generically smooth or geometrically highly constrained, and to show generic smoothness of sufficiently regular CR transversal CR maps between pseudoconvex hypersurfaces. As an application, we discuss boundary regularity of proper holomorphic maps into bounded symmetric domains.

Wenjie Gao, Jiawei Fu, Yanqing Shen et al.

High-definition (HD) maps play a crucial role in autonomous driving systems. Recent methods have attempted to construct HD maps in real-time using vehicle onboard sensors. Due to the inherent limitations of onboard sensors, which include sensitivity to detection range and susceptibility to occlusion by nearby vehicles, the performance of these methods significantly declines in complex scenarios and long-range detection tasks. In this paper, we explore a new perspective that boosts HD map construction through the use of satellite maps to complement onboard sensors. We initially generate the satellite map tiles for each sample in nuScenes and release a complementary dataset for further research. To enable better integration of satellite maps with existing methods, we propose a hierarchical fusion module, which includes feature-level fusion and BEV-level fusion. The feature-level fusion, composed of a mask generator and a masked cross-attention mechanism, is used to refine the features from onboard sensors. The BEV-level fusion mitigates the coordinate differences between features obtained from onboard sensors and satellite maps through an alignment module. The experimental results on the augmented nuScenes showcase the seamless integration of our module into three existing HD map construction methods. The satellite maps and our proposed module notably enhance their performance in both HD map semantic segmentation and instance detection tasks.

F. Golabkesh, A. Nazarpour, N. Ghanavati et al.

The current study aims to find the best methods of using remote sensing and supervised classification algorithms in long-term salinity monitoring of salinity changes in the Atabieh area with an area of 5000 hectares in the west of Khuzestan province. The procedure is based on the separation of different levels of saline soils utilizing information obtained from Landsat 7 and 8 satellite images (2001 to 2015) along with salinity data taken from the study area, and salinity indices including SI1, SI2, SI3, NDSI, IPVI, and VSSI. The results show the expansion of the saline zone trend in the soils of the study area, among which, soils with EC of more than 16 dS m-1 (very saline) have the highest frequency. The area of saline soils has increased significantly over the past 15 years, with a saline land area increasing by more than 90%. The percentage of salinity class is low (S1). According to this study, the only significant index in soil salinity at a 95% confidence level is the SI3 index, which has been able to have a good estimate of the increasing changes in soils in the region. The results of the supervised classification showed that the support vector machine (with an overall accuracy of 95.78 and a kappa coefficient of 0.89) is more accurate. After the vector machine method, the methods of minimum distance, maximum likelihood, and distance of Mahalanobis have the highest accuracy, respectively. Based on salinity maps obtained in years in 2001, 2005, 2010, and 2015, it can be said that the salinity rate in the whole of the study area was progressing and at the same time the salinity area in the middle and high classes increased decreased and on the other hand, the salinity area in the high class in 2001 gradually increased and distributed in 2015 throughout the region.

Rattanawat Chaiyarat, Maneepailin Wettasin, Namphung Youngpoy et al.

Habitat fragmentation due to human activities creates threats to wild Asian elephants (<i>Elephas maximus</i>) and increases human-elephant conflicts (HEC). This study analyzed connectivity maps among the core habitats of wild elephants in the eastern part of Thailand. Resistance surfaces, associated with geographic and land use features, were used to estimate the dispersal of wild elephants. An increase in roads, reservoirs, and agricultural areas in 2020 was noted. In addition, the increase of artificial water sources and roads has increased HEC. To reduce HEC, the study of suitable landscape corridors for wild Asian elephants can guide the development of effective connectivity among the habitat patches. The scattered locations of reserved forests induce wild elephants to enter agricultural areas. In 2020, during the dry season, wild elephants used 3552 habitat patches, 253 population patches (4875 km²), 8 breeding patches (68.1 km²), and 253 other patches (193.9 km²). However, habitat patches were reduced to 1961 patches (3850.9 km²) in the wet season. The 16 suitable corridors were recommended for connecting the finest wild Asian elephants. These suitable corridors can be used as a guideline to construct effective landscape corridors for wild Asian elephants’ movement among the habitat patches. This finding can help the local managers and villagers incorporate and design restoration areas for the movement and survival of wild Asian elephants and develop suitable areas for agricultural purposes.

Santiago Amaury Santana-Reyes, Alexis Alvarez-Cabrales, Abdel Acosta-Jover et al.

In this investigation, a bibliometric study of scientific articles, between years 2015 and 2020, related to design optimization and aerodynamic behavior simulation of the horizontal axis wind-pumps. The objective is determine the scientific activity behavior, developed in the optimization of these kinds of aero-pumps, based on the bibliometric maps interpretation of the most relevant publications. A procedure was used for bibliometric analysis of scientific publications indexed in the Dimensions.ai database, for which quantifiable query criteria were established to discern whether or not the scientific publications were included in the analysis. Everything that allows the bibliometric maps construction, made from the VOSviewer program. The research closeness zones and the interrelationships between the main countries that generate scientific publications, indexed in the Dimensions.ai database are presented, based on the bibliometric maps construction. There is evidence of an adequate thematic positioning and a marked exclusion of developing countries due to the low scientific dissemination in spaces for the knowledge socialization.

Naoki Kitazawa

Constructing Morse functions and their higher dimensional versions or fold maps is fundamental, important and challenging in investigating the topologies and the differentiable structures of differentiable manifolds via Morse functions, fold maps and more general generic maps. It is one of important and interesting branches of the singularity theory of differentiable maps and applications to geometry of manifolds. In this paper we present fold maps with information of cohomology rings of their Reeb spaces. Reeb spaces are defined as the spaces of all connected components of all preimages, and in suitable situations inherit topological information such as homology groups and cohomology rings of the manifolds. Previously, the author demonstrated construction of fold maps in various cases : key methods are surgery operations to manifolds and maps and in this paper, we present more useful surgery operations and by them we construct new fold maps. More precisely, fold maps with singular value sets with crossings: the singular value set of a smooth map is the image of the set of all singular points and note that for fold maps, the set of all singular points are closed submanifolds without boundaries and the restrictions to them are immersions of codimension 1.