Hasil untuk "Islam"

M. Juergensmeyer

K. Chaudhry, J. Esposito

Nazma Islam, Koji Mukai, Maurice A. Leutenegger et al.

Non-magnetic Cataclysmic Variables (CVs) show two distinct X-ray components: a hard, optically thin component and a soft, optically thick, blackbody-like component, both produced in the boundary layer between the accretion disk and the White Dwarf (WD). An additional soft component originating from a more extended region has been reported in few CVs. In a short Chandra exposure, we identified a tentative X-ray eclipse in UU Aqr, a non-magnetic CV which shows deep optical eclipses. Using observations with the Nuclear Spectroscopic Telescope Array (NuSTAR) and the XMM-Newton, we detect total eclipses in the orbital intensity profiles of this system in the hard X-ray band (3-10 keV with XMM and 3-25 keV with NuSTAR). However, the soft X-ray band (0.3-2.0 keV) shows no evidence of an eclipse. Detailed eclipse modeling, energy-resolved power spectral analysis and broadband spectral modeling indicate that the hard absorbed X-ray emission originates from a compact region near the WD, such as a boundary layer, while the soft, unabsorbed and un-eclipsed X-ray emission originates in an extended region. Neither scattering of hard X-rays nor colliding winds can account for the observed un-eclipsed soft emission. We instead propose that this component is produced by shocks within vertically extended, radiatively driven accretion-disk winds. We also provide new estimates on the emitting regions, mass and radius of the WD and the donor star using eclipse modeling.

Muhamad Taufik

Islamic Education plays a strategic role in the strengthening of character education in the era of the industrial revolution 4.0. Trends in automation, data exchange, Artificial intelligence, internet of things, 3D printing, robots and intelligent machines are massively replacing human labor. Disclosure of information access enables people receive a variety of information and can affect even change the character, way of thinking and behaving. Here, the role of Islamic Education as a facilitator who runs the cultural function and ideal function as a control value and steers the development of society. Strengthened with social reconstruction curriculum so that learning is more focused on the problems-problems encountered in the community so that students are able to adapt to the development of the modern world and highly competitive yet-holistic integrative religious character so as to fortify the morale of the nation's poor from the impact of globalization. Strengthening the Character Education through Islamic education has a significant contribution to the ideals of national education as a form of educational investment in creating a golden generation in the era of the global arena by establishing a balance hard skills and soft skills, which in turn will create a community culture of learning (learning society).

M. Nasir, Muhammad Khairul Rijal

The Ministry of Religious Affairs of Indonesia continues to voice religious moderation to mainstream a peaceful Islamic discourse. This article aimed at looking at religious moderation values from several Islamic higher education institutions in Indonesia. The focus of article aims to find a pattern of the implementation of moderation in Islam in Islamic universities. This article discusses to what extent Islamic higher education institutions internalize religious moderation values to students. By conducting qualitative research, this article explores 3 Islamic higher education institutions in Indonesia: Universitas Islam Negeri Maulana Malik Ibrahim, Universitas Darussalam Gontor Ponorogo, and Ma’had Aly As'adiyah. The result shows that higher education institutions play a critical role in inculcating religious moderation values through pesantren institutions. The Pesantren universities have a role in transmitting moderate Islamic values through their curriculum and various religious activities. This research reveals that religious moderation is implicated in these 3 Islamic universities. The curriculum is eclectic and reflects moderation values, such as national commitment, tolerance, non-violence, and local culture accommodation. This study concludes that the three pesantrenuniversities in Indonesia have a distinctive pattern of emphasizing moderation in the three areas: theoretical, practical, and ideological aspect.

Muhammad Islam, Tao Huang, Euijoon Ahn et al.

This paper presents an in-depth survey on the use of multimodal Generative Artificial Intelligence (GenAI) and autoregressive Large Language Models (LLMs) for human motion understanding and generation, offering insights into emerging methods, architectures, and their potential to advance realistic and versatile motion synthesis. Focusing exclusively on text and motion modalities, this research investigates how textual descriptions can guide the generation of complex, human-like motion sequences. The paper explores various generative approaches, including autoregressive models, diffusion models, Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs), Variational Autoencoders (VAEs), and transformer-based models, by analyzing their strengths and limitations in terms of motion quality, computational efficiency, and adaptability. It highlights recent advances in text-conditioned motion generation, where textual inputs are used to control and refine motion outputs with greater precision. The integration of LLMs further enhances these models by enabling semantic alignment between instructions and motion, improving coherence and contextual relevance. This systematic survey underscores the transformative potential of text-to-motion GenAI and LLM architectures in applications such as healthcare, humanoids, gaming, animation, and assistive technologies, while addressing ongoing challenges in generating efficient and realistic human motion.

Md Tanvir Hossain, Akif Islam, Mohd Ruhul Ameen

Humans can often count unfamiliar objects by observing visual repetition and composition, rather than relying only on object categories. However, many exemplar-free counting models struggle in such situations and may overcount when objects contain symmetric components, repeated substructures, or partial occlusion. We introduce CountFormer, a controlled adaptation of a density-regression framework inspired by CounTR, where the image encoder is replaced with the self-supervised vision foundation model DINOv2. The resulting transformer features are combined with explicit two-dimensional positional embeddings and decoded by a lightweight convolutional network to produce a density map whose integral gives the final count. Our goal is not to propose a new counting architecture, but to study whether foundation-based representations improve structural consistency under a strictly exemplar-free setting. On FSC-147, CountFormer achieves competitive performance under the official benchmark (MAE 19.06, RMSE 118.45). Qualitative analysis suggests fewer part-level overcounting errors for some structurally complex objects, while overall error remains broadly consistent with prior approaches. Sensitivity analysis shows that evaluation metrics are strongly affected by a small number of extreme high-density scenes. Overall, the results highlight the role of representation quality in exemplar-free object counting.

Islam Alagawani, Feng Wang

Coronaviruses (CoVs) have recently emerged as significant causes of respiratory disease outbreaks, with the novel coronavirus pneumonia of 2019, known as COVID-19, being highly infectious and triggered by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Understanding virus–host interactions and molecular targets in host cell death signalling is crucial for inhibitor development. Among the promising targets for inhibitor development is the main protease (Mpro), which is essential for viral replication. While current research has focused mainly on covalent inhibitors, growing attention is being given to non-covalent inhibitors due to their potential for lower toxicity and improved resistance to viral mutations. This literature review provides an in-depth analysis of recent <i>in silico</i> approaches used to identify and optimise non-covalent inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 Mpro. It focuses on molecular docking and robust molecular dynamics (MD) simulation technologies to discover novel scaffolds with better binding affinities. The article summarises recent studies that pre-screened several potential non-covalent inhibitors, including natural constituents like alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenoids, diarylheptanoids, and anthraquinones, using <i>in silico</i> methods. The <i>in silico</i> approach, pivotal to developing small molecules of Mpro non-covalent inhibitors, provides an efficient avenue to guide future research efforts toward developing high-performance Mpro inhibitors for SARS-CoV-2 Mpro, representing the latest advancements in drug design.

Liza Efriyanti, Ihwana As'ad

The design of curricula in Islamic universities frequently encounters difficulties in addressing the evolving needs of students, industry demands and the distinctive integration of Islamic values. Conventional methodologies are inadequate in their capacity to adapt to the evolving needs of the modern educational landscape. Furthermore, the integration of artificial intelligence (AI) in this domain remains underdeveloped, with many instances overlooking the crucial role of religious principles and institutional characteristics. This study addresses this gap by developing a Decision Support System (DSS) using Mamdani type 1 fuzzy logic, with the objective of assisting in determining an independent curriculum learning model tailored to Islamic higher education. The system incorporates a number of input variables, including student needs, industry requirements, institutional characteristics and data analysis. The output variables include an evaluation of the suitability of the learning model and a recommendation as to the most appropriate model. To illustrate, in situations where student needs are high, industry demands are moderate, institutional characteristics are high, and data analysis is moderate, the recommended model places an emphasis on balancing theoretical knowledge with practical application, while also aligning with Islamic values.  The validation of this AI-based model, utilizing 2023 historical data from five Islamic universities in West Sumatra, yielded an average Mean Absolute Error (MAE) of 0.64, thereby demonstrating good predictive accuracy. The integration of AI in this system facilitates data-driven decision-making, thereby enhancing the relevance and adaptability of the curriculum. It has the potential to improve the quality of education, support balanced student learning outcomes, and ensure alignment with Islamic principles, making it a transformative tool for curriculum development in Islamic higher education.

Agus Sunaryo Doi httpsdoi., Ahmad Hadidul Fahmi 10.24090mnh.v18i1.10571, Jurnal Kajian et al.

Contemporary ijtihad is required in the formulation of new formulas, such as legal protection of the rights of children outside marriage whose biological father is known. Reformulation of Jurisprudence as an analysis of Islamic law must be able to answer socio-cultural problems in the modern era, such as proof of the use of DNA as genealogy. An adaptive formulation of Jurisprudence on contemporary cases by combining science and Maqaṣid al-Shari'ah is analyzed in this article. The resolution of Islamic law by referring to the opinions of the Four Madhhabs of Jurisprudence needs to be approached or juxtaposed with science. A correct understanding of the values contained in the sharia and the application of Maqaṣid al-Shari'ah are indispensable in contemporary ijtihad so that the face of Jurisprudence can dialect with the times. So that the determination of lineage by DNA can be used as a legal reference that is adaptive to science and in accordance with the great objectives of Maqaṣid al-Shari'ah.

W. Wasehudin, Abdul Rohman, Muh. Barid Nizarudin Wajdi et al.

The evolution of Islamic education in Indonesia marks a significant shift, with the proactive introduction of the Merdeka Curriculum fostering innovation. This curriculum grants educational institutions the power to tailor their programs to local needs, embodying a dynamic response to contemporary demands. Investigating its implementation at Pesantren Darul Qolam in Banten, this qualitative study involves interviews with Pesantren leaders, teachers, and students, complemented by observational analyses. The findings showcase Pesantren's successful integration of the Merdeka Curriculum, harmonizing it with the national curriculum and designing programs responsive to students' diverse needs. This research advocates for Pesantren institutions to adopt the Merdeka Curriculum, recognizing it as a catalyst for elevating the quality and relevance of Islamic education. Furthermore, it urges a thorough exploration of the curriculum's long-term effects within the Pesantren context and its potential applicability to other Islamic educational institutions. Emphasizing principles of freedom, autonomy in learning, multilingualism, and responsiveness to student needs, the study underscores the crucial role of educational innovation in Pesantren and beyond.

Jurnal Pendidikan, Agama Islam, Dwi Afriyanto et al.

Purpose – This study aims to analyze the transformation of Islamic religious education in SMA Negeri 9 Yogyakarta, including changes in curriculum, teaching methods, and social interaction, to create inclusive and responsive education towards cultural and religious diversity. Design/methods/approach – This study is qualitative research involving school principals, Islamic teachers, students, and parents of students at SMA Negeri 9 Yogyakarta as research subjects. Data were collected through participatory observation to understand school interactions and document analysis for understanding Islamic curriculum and religious materials. Findings – The research showed significant results in the transformation of Islamic religious education at SMA Negeri 9 Yogyakarta in the context of multiculturalism. The results revealed the relevant application of inclusive learning methods and Islamic religious education (PAI) materials. It comprised the integration of Quranic verses that emphasize faith and tolerance, as well as the expansion of fiqh material to include aspects of fiqh siyasah that respect ethnic, cultural, and religious diversity. Moreover, moral (akhlaq) learning was focused on understanding good behavior towards various entities, including Allah, Apostles, fellow human beings, oneself, and the environment, which contributed to the formation of the foundations of nationhood. The Islamic Cultural History (SKI) material was also adapted to provide practical examples in a multicultural context. These results confirm that schools have taken concrete steps to adjust Islamic religious education to the needs of a modern multicultural society. Research implications/limitations – Future research may conduct comparative studies in other schools, evaluate the long-term impact of multicultural approaches, examine the role of communities and parents, develop curriculum and pedagogy, and analyze the role of teachers and school collaboration strategies in supporting multicultural Islamic religious education. Originality/value – The transformation of Islamic religious education at SMA Negeri 9 Yogyakarta has succeeded in creating an inclusive and harmonious environment amidst religious diversity. This can make a positive contribution to shaping the attitude of tolerance and harmony between religious communities among students.

Jurnal Pendidikan, Agama Islam, Lili Sholehuddin et al.

Islamic education is a strategic vehicle and an urgent variable for preparing excellent and high-quality human resources. However, it is currently experiencing weakening due to the storms and waves of globalization. Accordingly, it requires effective and sustainable handling. Purpose – This article is one of the creative efforts that aims to build the attitudes of students in elementary schools with religious character through the implementation of Islamic education values with an affectionate approach that is polite, gentle, caring, and compassionate based on the Qur'an. Design/method/approach – This research method was descriptive qualitative, as library research. Data sources were books, teaching materials, journals, and other relevant information. The data was analyzed using critical text analysis techniques. The data collection technique was documentation. Findings – The research has shown that implementing the Islamic education values of affection approach can build students' religious character through 1) the use of learning methods of affection, tenderness, and attention inherent in educators. 2) the use of learning styles of affectionate Islamic education values reflected in attitudes, interests, morals, values, and self-concepts that are passionate, enthusiastic, and fun. 3) the application of learning Islamic education values through habituation, imitation, and appreciation patterns embodied by educators. Research Implications/limitations – This research can have implications for teachers' teaching methods in instilling the values of compassion, care, and gentleness in face-to-face learning in the classroom. Originality/value – Integrating the three elements of affective value reconstruction simultaneously in the learning process can improve students' academic achievement, religious awareness, and good behavior.

Arooba Chaudhary, T. Islam, Hafiz Fawad Ali et al.

Purpose This paper aims to investigate the effect of paternalistic leadership (benevolent, moral and authoritarian) on knowledge sharing of nurses through the mediation of organizational commitment (affective, continuance and normative). Further, the study examines the moderating role of Islamic work ethics on the association between organizational commitment and knowledge sharing. Design/methodology/approach In this quantitative study, data was collected from 312 nurses working in the health-care sector of Pakistan through “Google Forms” in two waves. Moreover, structural equation modeling was used to test the proposed hypotheses. Findings The study noted affective and normative commitment as mediators between the associations of benevolent, moral and authoritarian leadership with knowledge sharing, whereas continuance commitment was not found as an explaining variable. In addition, Islamic work ethics was found to strengthen the association of affective and normative commitment with knowledge sharing. However, Islamic work ethics was found to weaken the association between continuance commitment and knowledge sharing. Practical implications This study offers practical insights for health-care executives to act as fatherly figures to enhance the knowledge sharing of their nurses. The study recommends that managers in the health-care system build such an environment that helps nurses follow Islamic work ethics. It may enhance their level of organizational commitment and encourage them to engage in knowledge sharing behaviors to have a successful work environment. Originality/value To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this research is the first to extend the literature on paternalistic leadership. More specifically, this study investigated how various dimensions of paternalistic leadership (benevolent, moral and authoritarian) effects three-dimensional commitment (affective, continuance and normative) to enhance knowledge sharing behavior among nurses.

Jurnal Pendidikan, Agama Islam, Yazida Ichsan et al.

Purpose – Today, Muslims face considerable challenges in the era of the industrial revolution. On the one hand, there is the threat of liberalization that erodes spiritual values and Islamic teachings fundamentally. On the other hand, there is radicalization that uses violence in the name of religion, such as threats, terror, disbelief, and murder. They are serious problems that require efforts to understand the linkage between intolerant behavior and religious teachings. Design/methods/approach – This study is library research conducted through the steps of recording, clarifying, reducing, and presenting data using documentation methods from primary and secondary sources. The data analyzed by the content analysis method includes the meaning of wasathiyah Islam, religious moderation, the concept of wasathiyah Islam in the Qur'an, Surat Al-Baqarah verse 143, and moderation-based Islamic education. Findings – This research found that religious moderation can be applied to Islamic Education subjects through various approaches. Subjects such as Aqidah, Akhlaq, Fiqh, Tarikh, and Al-Qur'an Hadith integrate the wasathiyah values by emphasizing tolerance, dialogue, justice, and benefit from an Islamic perspective. Learning approaches, like problem-solving, inquiry, and discussion, have encouraged students to think multiperspective, discover new knowledge, and respect the ideas of others, both inside and outside of school. Research implications/limitations – This research provides important implications for the development of Islamic education based on religious moderation, especially through a curriculum that can integrate the values of tolerance, justice, and balance in learning. However, it is still limited to a literature approach, so further research is required with an empirical approach to measure the effectiveness of applying these values in various educational contexts. Originality/value – This research offers a unique perspective by using the concept of wasathiyah Islam to support Islamic education based on religious moderation. The novelty value lies in the elaboration of the implementation of moderation in various subjects, such as Aqidah, Akhlaq, Fiqh, Tarikh, and Al-Qur'an Hadith, which can be a model for the development of inclusive and tolerant education.

B. Bernardlauwers, Rezaul Islam, M. Muthoifin et al.

This study aims to analyze the relationship between Islamic business ethics and political policies in handling food crises and significant increases in cooking oil prices. The research methods used include a literature study on the principles of Islamic business ethics, policy analysis related to handling food crises, as well an investigation of factors affecting the increase in cooking oil prices from an Islamic economic perspective. The results suggest that the principles of Islamic business ethics, such as fairness, transparency, and sustainability, can be the foundation for political policies aimed at addressing the food crisis sustainably and equitably. In addition, regulations that ensure fair and affordable distribution of cooking oil, as well as monitoring of economic factors that affect prices, can help reduce the impact of high cooking oil prices on society. In conclusion, the integration between Islamic business ethics and political policy can be a strong foundation for addressing the food crisis and cooking oil price problem, by providing sustainable and fair solutions for society

E. Boğan, M. Sarıışık

PurposeMuslim tourists participating in halal tourism activities represent a valuable niche market for global tourism industry. The purpose of this study is to clarify the concepts of halal tourism and Islamic tourism and to draw attention to some conceptual and practical challenges in the halal tourism industry.Design/methodology/approachThe paper is based on a critical assessment of the literature in this field. To differentiate the concepts and to discuss practical and conceptual challenges, the authors found some references by reviewing the existing definitions in related literature and the primary source of the concepts which is Holy Book of Islam, Quran.FindingsThe terms “intention” and “Islamic motivation” can be used to differentiate Islamic tourism and halal tourism. The authors suggest calling hotels that provide good and services in halal tourism industry as “halal hotels” and tourists as “Muslim tourists”. One of the leading practical challenges in halal tourism is having lack of halal standards, especially for hotels. As the way Muslims understand and adapt their lives to Islam is quite different, which means this market is not homogenous, the authors suggest that halal hotels should be scaled through different qualifications in different countries.Research limitations/implicationsThis study is based on literature review, and it lacks primary research.Practical implicationsCurrent paper stresses the need for consistent use of Islamic-related tourism terms in industry. Hotel companies should have halal certifications that will provide assurance to customers. It is highly important for hotel companies to inform their target guests about the location of hotel before arriving at hotel. This is because halal hotels and other hotels are usually located in resort destination, especially in Turkey.Originality/valueThis paper is one of the leading papers that differentiates Islamic tourism and halal tourism concepts. It also provides several conceptual and practical issues in halal tourism industry.

Mohammad Mominul Islam, Mohamed Syazwan Ab Talib, Nazlida Muhamad

Halal standards and certification continue to pose challenges for Islamic marketing. Resolving this is critical for the sector. This study uses the critical literature review (CLR) and systematic literature review (SLR) approaches by reviewing 76 published articles from Scopus-indexed journals between the years 2012 and 2023. Further, it analyses qualitative Quranic verses and content through the use of Stakeholder Theory (ST) and the ATLAS.ti qualitative data analysis software. Findings show that challenges facing halal standards and certification comprise heterogeneity, questionable raw materials, unethical practices, poor understanding of Islamic theology, communication gaps, acceptance variability, human resource management problems, supply chain obstacles, and improper Islamic marketing orientation. In addition to these common challenges, marketing problems, and poor brand positioning decisively hinder the growth potential of the halal industry. Importantly, the qualitative Quranic verses must satisfy Islamic scholars, certification boards, producers, halal marketers, and researchers to resolve the halal standards and certification-based challenges. All stakeholders must comprehend the insights arising from the general and special challenges facing the halal industry to synthesize the relevant and prescriptive Quranic verses as strategic tools. Stakeholders must further ponder future challenges regarding standards and certification on halal price, place, and promotion since current certification only focuses on products.

Mitul Islam, Theodore Weisman

We study properties of "hyperbolic directions" in groups acting cocompactly on properly convex domains in real projective space, from three different perspectives simultaneously: the (coarse) metric geometry of the Hilbert metric, the projective geometry of the boundary of the domain, and the singular value gaps of projective automorphisms. We describe the relationship between different definitions of "Morse" and "regular" quasi-geodesics arising in these three different contexts. This generalizes several results of Benoist and Guichard to the non-Gromov hyperbolic setting.

Ashhadul Islam, Abdesselam Bouzerdoum, Samir Brahim Belhaouari

Traditional neural networks employ fixed weights during inference, limiting their ability to adapt to changing input conditions, unlike biological neurons that adjust signal strength dynamically based on stimuli. This discrepancy between artificial and biological neurons constrains neural network flexibility and adaptability. To bridge this gap, we propose a novel framework for adaptive neural networks, where neuron weights are modeled as functions of the input signal, allowing the network to adjust dynamically in real-time. Importantly, we achieve this within the same traditional architecture of an Artificial Neural Network, maintaining structural familiarity while introducing dynamic adaptability. In our research, we apply Chebyshev polynomials as one of the many possible decomposition methods to achieve this adaptive weighting mechanism, with polynomial coefficients learned during training. Out of the 145 datasets tested, our adaptive Chebyshev neural network demonstrated a marked improvement over an equivalent MLP in approximately 8\% of cases, performing strictly better on 121 datasets. In the remaining 24 datasets, the performance of our algorithm matched that of the MLP, highlighting its ability to generalize standard neural network behavior while offering enhanced adaptability. As a generalized form of the MLP, this model seamlessly retains MLP performance where needed while extending its capabilities to achieve superior accuracy across a wide range of complex tasks. These results underscore the potential of adaptive neurons to enhance generalization, flexibility, and robustness in neural networks, particularly in applications with dynamic or non-linear data dependencies.