Hasil untuk "Ethics"

B. Mittelstadt

Artificial intelligence (AI) ethics is now a global topic of discussion in academic and policy circles. At least 84 public–private initiatives have produced statements describing high-level principles, values and other tenets to guide the ethical development, deployment and governance of AI. According to recent meta-analyses, AI ethics has seemingly converged on a set of principles that closely resemble the four classic principles of medical ethics. Despite the initial credibility granted to a principled approach to AI ethics by the connection to principles in medical ethics, there are reasons to be concerned about its future impact on AI development and governance. Significant differences exist between medicine and AI development that suggest a principled approach for the latter may not enjoy success comparable to the former. Compared to medicine, AI development lacks (1) common aims and fiduciary duties, (2) professional history and norms, (3) proven methods to translate principles into practice, and (4) robust legal and professional accountability mechanisms. These differences suggest we should not yet celebrate consensus around high-level principles that hide deep political and normative disagreement. AI ethics initiatives have seemingly converged on a set of principles that closely resemble the four classic principles of medical ethics. Despite this, Brent Mittelstadt highlights important differences between medical practice and AI development that suggest a principled approach may not work in the case of AI.

Dan Hendrycks, Collin Burns, Steven Basart et al.

We show how to assess a language model's knowledge of basic concepts of morality. We introduce the ETHICS dataset, a new benchmark that spans concepts in justice, well-being, duties, virtues, and commonsense morality. Models predict widespread moral judgments about diverse text scenarios. This requires connecting physical and social world knowledge to value judgements, a capability that may enable us to steer chatbot outputs or eventually regularize open-ended reinforcement learning agents. With the ETHICS dataset, we find that current language models have a promising but incomplete understanding of basic ethical knowledge. Our work shows that progress can be made on machine ethics today, and it provides a steppingstone toward AI that is aligned with human values.

G. Koocher, J. Norcross, Beverly A. Greene

C. Bless, C. Higson-Smith, A. Kagee

R. Freeman

W. Neuman

T. May

Z. Bauman

A. Sayer

I. Kant, Arnulf Zweig, T. E. Hill

Immanuel Kant's "Groundwork for the Metaphysics of Morals" is one of the most important texts in the history of ethics. In it Kant searches for the supreme principle of morality and argues for a conception of the moral life that has made this work a continuing source of controversy and an object of reinterpretation for over two centuries. This new edition of Kant's work provides a translation that seeks to be faithful to the German original and is fully annotated. There are also four essays by well-known scholars that discuss Kant's views and the philosophical issues raised by his work. J.B. Schneewind defends the continuing interest in Kantian ethics by examining its historical relation both to the ethical thought that preceded it and to its influence on the ethical theories that came after it; Marcia Baron sheds light on Kant's famous views about moral motivation; and Shelly Kagan and Allen W. Wood advocate contrasting interpretations of Kantian ethics and its practical implications.

Mohammad Masudur Rahman, Beenish Moalla Chaudhry

The rapid growth of AI-driven mental health mobile apps has raised concerns about their ethical considerations and user trust. This study proposed a natural language processing (NLP)-based framework to evaluate ethical aspects from user-generated reviews from the Google Play Store and Apple App Store. After gathering and cleaning the data, topic modeling was applied to identify latent themes in the context of ethics using topic words and then map them to well-recognized existing ethical principles described in different ethical frameworks; in addition to that, a bottom-up approach is applied to find any new and emergent ethics from the reviews using a transformer-based zero-shot classification model. Sentiment analysis was then used to capture how users feel about each ethical aspect. The obtained results reveal that well-known ethical considerations are not enough for the modern AI-based technologies and are missing emerging ethical challenges, showing how these apps either uphold or overlook key moral values. This work contributes to developing an ongoing evaluation system that can enhance the fairness, transparency, and trustworthiness of AI-powered mental health chatbots.

Julio Vega

The climate crisis requires responses that integrate scientific, ethical, social, and technological perspectives. Artificial intelligence (AI) has emerged as a powerful tool in climate modelling, environmental monitoring, and energy optimisation, yet its growing use also raises critical environmental, ethical, legal, and social questions. This contribution examines the ambivalent role of AI in the ecological crisis, addressing both its promises and its risks. On the one hand, AI supports improvements in climate forecasting, renewable energy management, and real-time detection of environmental degradation. On the other hand, the energy demands of data centres, resource-intensive hardware production, algorithmic bias, corporate concentration of power, and technocratic decision-making reveal contradictions that challenge its sustainability. The discussion explores these issues through interdisciplinary lenses, including environmental ethics, philosophy of technology, and legal governance, and concludes with recommendations for socially just, ecologically responsible, and democratically accountable uses of AI. Rather than assuming AI as an inherently sustainable solution, this analysis argues that its contribution to climate action depends fundamentally on the values, institutions, and power structures that shape its development.

Gerard J. Dalcourt

G. Corey, M. Corey, Patrick Callanan

Coralie Berthoux, Pablo E. Castillo, Kaoutsar Nasrallah

Summary: Genetically encoded fluorescent sensors are powerful tools for tracking real-time neuromodulator dynamics. Here, we present a protocol to measure adenosine release using the G protein-coupled receptor activation-based adenosine (GRABAdo1.0m) sensor in the mouse hippocampus. We describe steps for stereotaxic surgery, including virus injection and optic fiber implantation, ex vivo two-photon live imaging, and in vivo fiber photometry. We then detail histological procedures for experimental validation.For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Nasrallah et al.1 : Publisher’s note: Undertaking any experimental protocol requires adherence to local institutional guidelines for laboratory safety and ethics.

Nilam Sari, Azimah Dianah, Hafidhah et al.

Introduction: Business actor satisfaction is a feeling based on expectations regarding a product or service. Serve, and the level of satisfaction felt will vary according to the conformity with which service exists. If that reality exceeds hope, then the service can be said to be of good quality. If it is below expectations, the service can be bad; if it is above expectations, it can be said to be good. That service is satisfying. Objective: This study aims to research halal certification services to satisfy business actors in Banda Aceh City. Are these certification services quality indicators influencing the satisfaction of business actors as customers? Method: This study uses a quantitative approach with the Structural Equation Model - Partial Least Squares (SEM-PLS) method. The test was conducted using the Smart PLS 3.0 application, with the respondent category being business actors. One hundred business actors in Banda Aceh City have issued halal certification for their products, and there are 100 people. Results: The research country found that all variables, namely reliability, responsiveness, certainty, empathy, tangible evidence, and price, significantly influence business actors’ satisfaction. Implications: This shows that improving the quality of halal certification services in Banda Aceh City can also increase business actors' satisfaction

Mevlüt Altıntop

Bu çalışma “yapay zekâ” (YZ) ile elde edilen bilginin niteliği üzerine bir değerlendirme içermektedir. Bu bağlamda YZ ile elde edilen bilginin üretim süreçleri, bilim içindeki rolü, avantajları ve dezavantajları, toplumsal karşılığı, ideoloji, hegemonya ve etik boyutunu ele almaktadır. Yapılan değerlendirmelerde, YZ ile elde edilen bilginin objektifliği, şeffaflığı, bilimselliği, gerçekliği, eşitliği ve etikliği sorgulanmıştır. Tersinden söylersek, YZ ile elde edilen bilginin yanlı, ideolojik, tahakkümcü, antidemokratik ve emperyal biçimli olup olmadığıyla ilgili anlamlı sonuçlar ortaya koyulmaya çalışılmıştır. Çalışmada içerik çözümleme yöntemi bağlamında tematik (semantik//latent) teknik kullanılmıştır. Bu süreç, popüler bir YZ uygulaması olan ChatGPT ve son günlerde adını duyuran DeepSeek uygulamalarına, kullanıcılarına sundukları bilginin kaynağı ve niteliğine yönelik sorular sorarak gerçekleştirilmiştir. Her iki YZ uygulamasının verdiği cevaplar, aynı işleyişe sahip tüm YZ uygulamalarının yanlı, ideolojik, sübjektif, eşitsiz, etik dışı ve zaman zaman hukuka uymayan bilgi aktarımı yaptığı yönündedir. Bu durum, modernite paradigması ile şekillenen Batı merkezli bilimsel anlayışın ürettiği YZ teknolojisinin epistemolojik hegemonyaya dayalı işleyiş biçiminin zorunlu bir sonucudur.

Hernán Gabriel Borisonik

Abstract This paper examines the rise of right-wing libertarianism and techno-solutionism as interconnected phenomena reshaping global political and economic landscapes, with Argentina under Javier Milei serving as a pivotal case study. It explores how these ideologies, while promising individual empowerment and efficiency, risk exacerbating social inequalities, weakening democratic institutions, and enabling exploitative practices in areas such as resource extraction and technological governance. It also critiques the reduction of complex socio-political issues to technological fixes, which often neglect ethical considerations and reinforce existing power structures. The analysis situates Milei’s policies—such as deregulation—within broader global trends, including the commodification of dissent and the emergence of "platform-states" that challenge traditional notions of sovereignty. By engaging with philosophical frameworks and historical precedents, the paper highlights the dangers of embracing a technocratic, market-driven vision that denies the possibility of collective resistance and political imagination. Finally, the text argues for the need to counter these ideologies through alternative frameworks that prioritise equity, sustainability, and democratic participation.

James Brusseau

Does AI conform to humans, or will we conform to AI? An ethical evaluation of AI-intensive companies will allow investors to knowledgeably participate in the decision. The evaluation is built from nine performance indicators that can be analyzed and scored to reflect a technology's human-centering. The result is objective investment guidance, as well as investors empowered to act in accordance with their own values. Incorporating ethics into financial decisions is a strategy that will be recognized by participants in environmental, social, and governance investing, however, this paper argues that conventional ESG frameworks are inadequate to companies that function with AI at their core. Fully accounting for contemporary big data, predictive analytics, and machine learning requires specialized metrics customized from established AI ethics principles. With these metrics established, the larger goal is a model for humanist investing in AI-intensive companies that is intellectually robust, manageable for analysts, useful for portfolio managers, and credible for investors.

James Weichert, Daniel Dunlap, Mohammed Farghally et al.

As artificial intelligence (AI) further embeds itself into many settings across personal and professional contexts, increasing attention must be paid not only to AI ethics, but also to the governance and regulation of AI technologies through AI policy. However, the prevailing post-secondary computing curriculum is currently ill-equipped to prepare future AI practitioners to confront increasing demands to implement abstract ethical principles and normative policy preferences into the design and development of AI systems. We believe that familiarity with the 'AI policy landscape' and the ability to translate ethical principles to practices will in the future constitute an important responsibility for even the most technically-focused AI engineers. Toward preparing current computer science (CS) students for these new expectations, we developed an AI Policy Module to introduce discussions of AI policy into the CS curriculum. Building on a successful pilot in fall 2024, in this innovative practice full paper we present an updated and expanded version of the module, including a technical assignment on "AI regulation". We present the findings from our pilot of the AI Policy Module 2.0, evaluating student attitudes towards AI ethics and policy through pre- and post-module surveys. Following the module, students reported increased concern about the ethical impacts of AI technologies while also expressing greater confidence in their abilities to engage in discussions about AI regulation. Finally, we highlight the AI Regulation Assignment as an effective and engaging tool for exploring the limits of AI alignment and emphasizing the role of 'policy' in addressing ethical challenges.