Hasil untuk "1789-"

Miguel Ángel Puig-Samper

The article examines Alexander von Humboldt’s relationship with Hispanic science and his interaction with peninsular and Creole scientists. It highlights how Humboldt, despite criticisms and misunderstandings about his use of Hispanic scientific works, maintained a significant relationship with the Spanish crown and its scientists. The importance of the administrative and political support Humboldt received is mentioned, as well as his interaction with Spanish scientists. During his American journey, Humboldt and Bonpland also collaborated with local scientists and figures, enriching their research and contributing to their work. In summary, the article underscores the relevance of collaboration and knowledge exchange between Humboldt and the Hispanic scientific community and how this influenced his discoveries, the new image of America on the European continent, and the perception of Hispanic science in the global context.

Seçil Varal

Egalitarianism is a social and political philosophy propounding that all mankind should have equal rights and treatment on the premise that everyone is born equal. Although the philosophy dates back to Stoicism in Ancient Greece, it reached its apogee with the American Declaration of Independence (1776) and the French Revolution (1789). Impelled by the egalitarian concepts of equality, fraternity, and liberty as well as the revolutionary ideas of English intellectuals such as William Godwin and Mary Wollstonecraft, English romantic poets expressed a deep concern for injustice and inequality in English society. Although their starting point is the same, the romantic poets’ notion of egalitarianism diverges from each other due to socio-political conditions of their era. This paper outlines two sides of egalitarianism in specific works from two different generations romantic poets, Wordsworth and Shelley, to show that Wordsworth’s egalitarian concern is based on luck egalitarianism that attributes inequality to an individual’s either natural endowments or responsibility; whereas, Shelley adopts political egalitarianism regarding “equality of rights” as a prerequisite to building an egalitarian system. Thus, the paper aims to reveal that Wordsworth primarily detects the problem of inequality by attributing it to ‘luck’, whereas, Shelley due to the heat of current politics offers political solutions to this problem twenty years later.

Juan Iván Ladeuix

Este trabajo analiza la experiencia de los trabajadores de la seccional marplatense de la Unión Tranviarios Automotor, el sindicato único de los conductores de ómnibus y subterráneos, en el contexto particular de la primera mitad de la década del 70, signado por la radicalización y la alta conflictividad sindical y política. En dicha seccional se cristalizaron posiciones faccionales que no sólo respondían a posicionamientos divergentes en relación al accionar sindical, sino que reflejaban líneas de fracturas en torno a una concepción política y social sobre el futuro del país. A partir de un conjunto variado de periódicos locales, sindicales y políticos, reconstruimos la dinámica y las formas del conflicto en dicho sindicato así como la consolidación de un actor propenso a la conciliación con el sector empresarial.

Tunesi, Lorenzo

The sequence of events in the lives of Luigi Valeriano Pozzi and Pompeo Pozzi, intertwined as father and son, provides a glimpse into the world of art publishing of XIX Century Milan. Their shop in Galleria De Cristoforis is the starting point for a reassessment of the careers of two well known makers: the aim is to shed light on their familiar and urban context, in search of the roots of their professions. While Luigi Valeriano was a respected business owner, although a former clandestine printer in the French and Austrian city, Pompeo’s career started instead in a less adventurous juncture, in Brera; however, soon came the year 1848, and few months later his newly found appreciation for art photography.

Tuan Quoc Tran, Alexey Cherezov, Xianan Du et al.

RAST-F is a new full-core analysis code based on the two-step approach that couples a multi-group cross-section generation Monte-Carlo code MCS and a multi-group nodal diffusion solver. To demonstrate the feasibility of using MCS/RAST-F for fast reactor analysis, this paper presents the coupled nodal code verification results for the MET-1000 and CAR-3600 benchmark cores. Three different multi-group cross-section calculation schemes are employed to improve the agreement between the nodal and reference solutions. The reference solution is obtained by the MCS code using continuous-energy nuclear data. Additionally, the MCS/RAST-F nodal solution is verified with results based on cross-section generated by collision probability code TULIP. A good agreement between MCS/RAST-F and reference solution is observed with less than 120 pcm discrepancy in keff and less than 1.2% root-mean-square error in power distribution. This study confirms the two-step approach MCS/RAST-F as a reliable tool for the three-dimensional simulation of reactor cores with fast spectrum.

Hélène Kane, Jade Gourret Baumgart, Wissam El-Hage et al.

BackgroundThe COVID-19 pandemic has required psychiatric and mental health professionals to change their practices to reduce the risk of transmission of SARS-CoV-2, in particular by favoring remote monitoring and assessment via digital technologies. ObjectiveAs part of a research project that was cofunded by the French National Research Agency (ARN) and the Centre-Val de Loire Region, the aim of this systematic literature review was to investigate how such uses of digital technologies have been developing. MethodsThis systematic review was conducted following the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines. The search was carried out in the MEDLINE (ie, PubMed) and Cairn databases, as well as in a platform specializing in mental health, Ascodocpsy. The search yielded 558 results for the year 2020. After applying inclusion and exclusion criteria, first on titles and abstracts and then on full texts, 61 articles were included. ResultsThe analysis of the literature revealed a heterogeneous integration of digital technologies, not only depending on countries, contexts, and local regulations, but also depending on the modalities of care. Notwithstanding these variations, the use of videoconferencing has developed significantly, affecting working conditions and therapeutic relationships. For many psychiatric and mental health professionals, the pandemic has been an opportunity to build up their experience of remote care and, thus, better identify the possibilities and limits of these digital technologies. ConclusionsNew uses of such technologies essentially consist of a transition from the classic consultation model toward teleconsultation and make less use of the specific potential of artificial intelligence. As professionals were not prepared for these uses, they were confronted with practical difficulties and ethical questions, such as the place of digital technology in care, confidentiality and protection of personal data, and equity in access to care. The COVID-19 health crisis questions how the organization of health care integrates the possibilities offered by digital technology, in particular to promote the autonomy and empowerment of mental health service users.

Amy Verdun

Signed in 1976, the EU-Canada relationship was the first bilateral agreement that the EU signed with an industrialised third country. Modest strengthening of the ties was achieved with the 2004 EU-Canada Partnership Agenda. A fully-fledged free trade agreement was in the works at this time, but suspended in 2006. The EU-Canada strategic partnership agreement (SPA) and the Comprehensive Economic Trade Agreement (CETA) did not materialise until more than a decade later, in 2016. This paper focuses in particular on the strategic partnership dimension. It explores why an SPA was possible in 2016, but not before. To answer this question, the paper looks at four time periods. In so doing it explores the origins of the EU-Canada agreement, how the EU-Canada relationship changed over time, and examines how a more profound strategic partnership came about when it did. In its analysis it considers institutional, domestic and geopolitical factors. It briefly speculates about the possible future of this partnership.

Maria Helena Damião

Luka Vidmar

Razprava pregledno obravnava začetke slovenske posvetne dramatike in gledališča. Leta 1669 ali 1670 je začel Fran Krsto Frankopan prevajati Molièrovo komedijo George Dandin, najbrž okoli leta 1775 pa Jurij Japelj Metastasiev libreto Artaserse. Prvo posvetno dramsko delo je leta 1780 pod naslovom Opereta objavil Anton Feliks Dev. Po letu 1781 sta začela Anton Tomaž Linhart in Žiga Zois prevajati italijanske arije, te slovenske speve pa so nato izvajale gostujoče italijanske in nemške gledališke skupine v Ljubljani. Prva znana posvetna gledališka predstava je bila uprizoritev Linhartove Županove Micke, prevoda Richterjeve veseloigre Die Feldmühle, leta 1789 v Ljubljani. Linhartovo delo Matiček se ženi, predelava Beaumarchaiseve komedije La Folle Journée ou le Mariage de Figaro, leta 1790 očitno ni bilo uprizorjeno, ampak samo natisnjeno. Po letu 1803, ko je bil v Ljubljani uprizorjen Kopitarjev Tinček Petelinček, priredba Kotzebuejeve igre Der Hahnenschlag, se je tradicija slovenskega posvetnega gledališča kljub nastanku več izvirnih in prevedenih dram nadaljevala šele leta 1848.

Naomar Almeida-Filho, Mariano Di Pasquale

En este ensayo, proponemos evaluar el impacto de la reforma Cabanis en la configuración del modelo de formación en salud que se hizo hegemónico en Argentina. Primero, analizamos la reestructuración del sistema educacional francés desencadenada por la revolución de 1789, principalmente en sus dimensiones político-institucionales. Segundo, discutimos brevemente el proceso de reconstrucción social, ideológica e institucional del sistema de salud en la Francia postrevolucionaria. Tercero, introducimos la reforma Cabanis, propuesta de enseñanza médica basada en profesionalismo, disciplinariedad y especialización que resultó en un sistema de enseñanza superior sin universidades, e indagamos en torno a sus principales aspectos curriculares y pedagógicos. Finalmente evaluamos la secuencia de eventos y procesos que, durante todo el siglo XIX, con fuerte gravitación cabanisiana a través de la Idéologie, conformaron los rasgos principales tanto de la enseñanza de la salud y de la medicina como del modelo de educación superior basado en facultades que actualmente predomina en la República Argentina.

Zhimin Zhang, Yamei Shen, Xiangwu Shu et al.

Objective Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) is a rare acquired clonal disorder of the hematopoietic stem cells that involves all blood cells. The primary aim of this study was to assess the role of whole-blood exchange (WBE) in treating patients with PNH. Methods A 32-year-old male patient was admitted our hospital because of severe anemia. His clinical test results indicated serious hemolysis, with positive anti-I on pretransfusion antibody screening tests. Because immunosuppressive therapy was ineffective and red blood cell (RBC) transfusion may aggravate hemolytic symptoms, the COBE Spectra blood cell separator was used for WBE. Results We performed WBE, where 1789 mL of the patient’s blood was removed and replaced with 12 U of packed RBCs, along with 150 mL of frozen plasma and 200 mL of normal saline (total volume, 1883 mL), representing an exchange of 42.5% of the patient’s total blood volume (approximately 4209 mL). The WBE treatment was considered successful. Rapid improvement in clinical signs and symptoms were observed after the WBE transfusion. The patient was discharged from the hospital on the third day after treatment. Conclusion Whole-blood exchange may be an applicable emergency treatment for rescuing PNH patients with severe or life-threatening hemolysis.

Krishnan Silambarasan, Krishnamurthy Sujatha, Arumugam Sundaramanickam et al.

The silver-cheeked toad fish, Lagocephalus scleratus, was recorded for the first time on 25 September 2014. Two specimens of this fish species were collected from the by-catch landed by a commercial deep-sea trawler at Kasimedu Fishing Harbour, Chennai coast, Southeast India. The morphometric and meristic characters of the recorded specimens are described and discussed. The specimen was compared with earlier reports.

Fernando Jiménez Herrera

Dániel Balla, Orsolya Gyöngyi Varga, Marianna Zichar

As a result of international cooperation, the conditions of data access and data usage have been significantly improved during the last two decades. Also, the establishment of web-based geoinformatic infrastructure allowed researchers to share their results with the scientific community more efficiently on the international level. The aim of this study is to investigate the accuracy of databases with different spatial resolutions, using the reference profiles of LUCAS topsoil database. In our study, we investigated the accuracy of World Reference Base for Soil Resources (WRB) Reference Soil Groups (RSG) groups stored in freely accessible soil databases (European Soil Database (ESDB), International Soil Reference and Information Centre (ISRIC)) in Hungary. The study concluded that the continental scale database tends to be more accurate. We used the Kappa Index of Agreement (KIA) statistical index to evaluate accuracy. The European and the international databases showed a value of 0.9643 and 0.3968, respectively. Considering the results, we can conclude that the spatial resolution has a relevant impact on the accuracy of databases, however, the study should be extended to the national level and the indices should be assessed together.

Maria Fatima Ludovico de Almeida, Carlos Augusto Caldas de Moraes, Maria Angela Campelo de Melo

Prospective studies about emerging technologies and their implications for public policy formulation indicate critical choices ranging from global to national level, even to the individual firm or institution. Emerging technologies have been shaping the future of some industries and transforming many others. In many cases, these technologies will determine the restructuring of industries as never before. Specially designed for enabling better planning and future decisions, technology foresight (TF) methods are used to foresee diffusion of innovations, mapping out commercially viable roadmaps for technological development. This paper is concerned with a methodological instrument adopted in Brazil as support for building the Agenda for a National Innovation Initiative (NII), which was articulated by government, universities, R&D institutions, and private firms. It presents and discusses an integrated methodological approach for a TF study, specially designed for the purpose of this Brazilian innovation policy instrument, concerning three emerging technologies – nanotechnology, biotechnology, and information and communication technologies (ICT).

Hansson, Ulf

Stosch, Winckelmann, and the Allure of the Engraved Gems of the Ancients

Agnieszka Judzińska

The main objective of the paper is the analysis of changes on the level of income of agricultural producers, which took place in Poland in the early years of the accession to the EU, as well as a determination of the scale of the impact of financial support under the Common Agricultural Policy on the farm income situation. Poland’s membership in the EU gives rural farms opportunities to improve their economic situation. Financial aid, mainly in the form of a direct payment, has been the main factor determining the economical status of rural farms, whilst the other income making factors, such as improved productivity and increased agricultural production have played a much smaller role. The increase in revenue has enabled farmers not only to increase current expenditures, but also to carry out modernization efforts, which will determine the future economic and structural situation of the Polish agricultural sector and its competitiveness. However, a strong differentiation in terms of the economic situation of rural farms according to their size and specialization in production was also noticed. As a result, there is a still large number of farms in which the revenues received by farmers are insufficient to assure them adequate life standard. Therefore such farms are not able to both develop and invest. Only economically strong rural farms with high production potential have such opportunities, meaning that EU support will never be able to fully minimize the effects of small-scale production or to offset the insufficient efficiency and productivity of production factors.

Iván Igartua

A widely held view throughout the 18th century was that the Basque language belongs to the Celtic branch of Indo-European. This belief was especially popular among French scholars. The largest comparative vocabulary of that time, Pallas' dictionary (published in S. Petersburg in 1786/87 and 1789), somehow reflects the assumption that Basque and the Celtic languages were genetically related, but introduces a significant modification: according to Pallas, only Basque dialects from the north (the French dialects, so to say) pertain to Celtic, whereas the southern Basque dialects (the Spanish ones) have nothing to do with Celtic and, consequently, not even with the Basque dialects spoken in France. It is these kinds of genetic suppositions and their possible sources that this brief paper deals with.

N. A. Hopkins, Ausencio Cruz Guzmán, †J. Kathryn Josserand

D. Jarrett