Hasil untuk "The family. Marriage. Woman"

Sharifa AlBlooshi

Stephen H. Kennedy, Noni E. MacDonald, Sue Ann Costa Clemens et al.

Gilda Sedgh, Annik Sorhaindo

BackgroundSelf-care as an extension of health care systems can increase access to care. The development of programs and generation of evidence to support self-care in sexual and reproductive health (SRH) is a relatively nascent field. We undertook a study to identify and prioritize evidence gaps for SRH self-care.MethodsWe used the CHNRI methodology and administered two online surveys to stakeholders affiliated with major self-care networks. The first survey was used to identify evidence gaps, and the second to prioritize them using predetermined criteria.ResultsWe received 51 responses to the first survey and 36 responses to the second. Many evidence gaps focused on awareness of and demand for self-care options and best mechanisms for supporting users of self-care with information, counseling and linkages to care.ConclusionA priority area of work ahead should be determining which aspects of the learning agenda reflect gaps in evidence and which reflect a need to effectively synthesize and disseminate existing evidence.

Grethe Nina Hestholm

I denne artikkelen jamfører eg Ryles forståing av knowing how og knowing that med Irigarays forståing av kjønnsforskjellen. Eg finn dei same strukturane i og mellom dualismepara; det er ikkje mogeleg, verken i teori/praksis- eller i mann/kvinne-dualismen, å dedusere seg fram til den eine delen berre gjennom kunnskap om den andre. Likevel er delane i dualismeparet gjensidig avhengige av kvarandre, blant anna for i medvit om den forskjellige andre å kultivere det som er særeige med seg sjølv. I denne kultiveringa kan skulen spele ei avgjerande rolle; ei einsidig utvikling av den eine delen fører til framandgjering og paralyserande konformisme for begge, medan ein representasjon av og formidling mellom partane støttar gjensidig utvikling og intersubjektivitet. I ungdomsskulepraksisen på Praktisk pedagogisk utdanning for yrkesfag (PPUY) møtes allmennfaglege og yrkesfaglege kunnskapskulturar i to veker. Ser vi i dette møtet starten på ei gjensidig kultivering saman med den forskjellige andre?

Masomeh Shojaei, Firoozeh Zangeneh, Ali reza Zolfaghari

AbstractToday, life satisfaction is one of the most important constructs which has important implications for most people. Therefore, the aim of this study was to provide a model of life satisfaction of middle-aged women in Arak city based on the Maslow needs hierarchy. This research was practical and conducted by structural equation modeling (path analysis). Among all middle-aged women in Arak, 408 were selected by non-random sampling method. They all completed health status, financial distress, social support, self-esteem, positive thinking and life satisfaction questioners. Pearson correlation method and structural equation modeling using SPSSV19 and AMOSV20 software were used to analyze the data. The results showed that the variables of health (0.12, 0.15 and 0.38), financial distress (-0.18, -0.36 and -0.11) and social support (0.46, 0.55 and -0.18) had direct and significant effects on self-esteem, positive thinking and life satisfaction, respectively. In addition, the variables of self-esteem (0.14) and positive thinking (0.10) had direct and significant effects on life satisfaction. The results also showed that the three variables of health (0.15), financial distress (-0.10) and social support (0.16) have an indirect and significant effect on life satisfaction of middle-aged women. Therefore, this model can be used to strengthen the life satisfaction of middle-aged women. I t is worth to highlight, the principles of life satisfaction, types of social support, health status, financial distress, self-esteem and positive thinking and effective antecedents could be highlighted in educational, social.

Alexandra Havrylyshyn

Abstract:In 1740, at Quebec’s highest court, a Native woman openly challenged the authority of her alleged master. Such direct challenges to hierarchy were rare in New France, but not for the individual who represented the plaintiff, Jacques Nouette de la Poufellerie. He hailed from a family of advocates in the Parlement of Paris, an important counterweight institution to monarchical power in France. During a brief but action-packed stay in the colony, Nouette represented more than one hundred parties before Intendant Gilles Hocquart ordered Nouette’s departure in 1743. Even when he did not win his cases, Nouette disrupted the colonial order through his practice of law. Employing ardent oral argument, Nouette questioned two important social institutions: slavery and marriage. His growing clientage cluster, furthermore, threatened the colony’s hierarchical order. In his outspoken approach toward both military and ecclesiastical authorities, Nouette was distinct from the colony’s other legal representatives. Unlike their counterparts in other early modern settings, Quebec’s professional legal representatives did not emerge as spokespeople for the public until the nineteenth century. The exceptional case of troublesome Nouette illuminates a paternalistic approach to law and power in New France.

Ana Andriani, Wakhudin Wakhudin

This paper intends to interpret the role of women in the present context in the Islamic perspective. The role of women described as “pillars of the state” is a huge force to raise and educate their children, accompany their husbands on the one hand, and a woman who works in the public sector on the other. Women must raise various problems faced, both in family matters, their roles as children, mothers and wives, as well as issues related to their roles outside the public sector. All need wisdom to solve it. Modern women living today have much better freedom than the era of R.A. Kartini. In fact, due to advances in science and technology, women have a greater chance than men in competing for employment. So many jobs that were previously dominated by men can now be done by women. But all parties must also be wise in dealing with this gender issue. Because, women are faced with domestic duties, so that they do not always work in the public sphere. In the matter of polygamy, Muslim women do not need to worry because this marriage is carried out in a certain context, if all parties are fine. If you are worried that something is wrong, then Islam recommends marrying only one woman.

D. Sullins

Is the system of norms comprising traditional, natural marriage—featuring formally enacted, irrevocable, exclusive man/woman sexual union preceded by chastity—essential for children’s development and well-being, as Catholic teaching asserts? Review of an extensive body of diverse research finds that, compared to children continuously living with two parents, married parents, or their own biological parents, children in other family arrangements consistently experience lower emotional well-being, physical health, and academic achievement. Competing research has variously attributed this difference to a lack of married parents, two parents, complementary man/woman parents, or family stability, but these possibilities have not previously been studied in combination. To address this question, family structure differences and determinants of child well-being (reverse coded to show child distress) were examined using the 2008–2018 National Health Interview Surveys (n = 82,635). Adjusted odds ratios (AOR) for child emotional problems were higher with less than two parents (AOR = 1.42, 95% CI 1.27–1.56), unmarried parents (1.46, 95% CI 1.31–1.61), unstable parents (1.55, 95% CI 1.27–1.76), or less than two biological parents (AOR = 1.70, 95% CI 1.55–2.87 for one biological parent; 4.77, 95% CI 3.95–5.77 for no biological parents). When combined in the same model, only the lack of joint biological parentage accounted for higher distress, with outcomes significantly worse without the biological father than without the biological mother (interaction AOR = 1.33, 95% CI 1.04–1.71). This evidence strongly supports the claim that maximum child development occurs only in the persistent care of both of the child’s own biological parents. Marriage benefits children primarily by ensuring such care. Implications are discussed. Summary: Children raised apart from the care of both natural parents consistently experience lower developmental outcomes. Traditional, religious marriage norms—a lifelong, exclusive sexual union between man and woman—benefit children by establishing strong conditions that promote such care. More than any other family arrangement, marriage assures to children the care of their own mom and dad.

Soheila Zarinjoi alvar

Abstract Social entrepreneurship is one of the issues in scientific circles that have been considered along with organizational and economic entrepreneurship. The development of social entrepreneurship is considered as one of the ways to solve social problems and harms. The category of social entrepreneurship can help accelerate the progress of the country. The purpose of this study was, therefore, to examine the mediating role of the antecedents of entrepreneurial intent concerning previous experiences of social problems and entrepreneurial intention. The present study is a descriptive survey research. Data were collected using a 19-item standard questionnaire by Hookerts (2017). The statistical population of the study was 120 female managers and activists of social entrepreneurship and the sample size was calculated to be 92 people using the Morgan table. To select the sample, a stratified random sampling method was used. Data analysis was performed by structural equation modeling and LISREL software. The results showed that at the 95% confidence level of the structural model of the research, it has a good fit. Previous social problems affect the moral commitment and self-efficacy of social entrepreneurship, but the effect of previous experience of social problems on entrepreneurial intent was rejected and finally, the positive role of two mediating variables was confirmed. Thus, moral commitment, social entrepreneurship self-efficacy affects the intention of social entrepreneurship. Key words Social Entrepreneurship, Social Self-Efficacy, Moral Commitment   Introduction One of the most desirable and controversial types of entrepreneurship is Social entrepreneurship. Today, the development of entrepreneurship, and in particular social entrepreneurship as a social and humanitarian mission, and one of the solutions to some social problems has attracted attention (Marjani et al., 2014, 277). The advancement of science and technology as well as the presence of rapid changes in the process closes the way to the continuity of repetitive methods and requires innovative and creative solutions. Based on old procedures, society can no longer overcome problems so it thinks of new ideas in line with its goals, and this is what highlights the need for entrepreneurship and social entrepreneurship (Dehghan, 2016, 2). In their activities, organizations use social entrepreneurship, making a great leap for economic and social well-being (Lakapa-, 2018, 2054)  In today's society, women have an important and expanding role in business. In recent years, the share of women in private business has risen as much as that of government. For this reason, the talent and role of women in the development of countries must be paid attention to (Zarrin Joy Alvar, 2012). So the main question is what effect does the previous experience of social problems have on women's social entrepreneurial intentions and their precedents?   Method The present study, which is a case study, is practical in terms of purpose and descriptive in terms of nature and method and is a case study. A standard questionnaire of 19 questions by Hokrets (2017) with an alpha coefficient of 0.94 is the data collection method. The opinion of professors and experts helped to ensure the accurate assessment of the test content, from the perspective of face-to-face validity. In this regard, the same number of questionnaires were collected from the sample population using a stratified random sampling method. The statistical population includes managers and active women experts in social entrepreneurship (managers, employees, volunteers, and social businesses supporters in for-profit and non-profit sections) is 120 people. Therefore, according to the Morgan table, a sample of 92 people was selected. Findings Hypotheses one and two explored the effect of previous experience of social problems on ethical commitment and entrepreneurial self-efficacy. Considering that the coefficient t for these hypotheses is equal to (06.06) and (4.26) which are not in the meaningless range (+1.96 and -1.96), it is clear that these hypotheses are significant (with 95% certainty can be argued that previous experience of social problems has a significant impact on moral commitment and self-efficacy). On the other hand, given that the standard coefficient of the path between these two variables is equal to (0.43) (0.33) and positive, it indicates the positive effect of previous experience of social problems on moral commitment and self-efficacy, and these hypotheses are accepted. The third hypothesis examines the impact of previous experience of social problems on social entrepreneurship intentions. Considering that the t coefficient for this hypothesis is equal to (1.23) which is in the meaningless range (+1.96 and -1.96), it is clear that this hypothesis is not significant (it can be claimed with 95% confidence That the previous experience of social problems did not have a significant effect on the intention of social entrepreneurship) and this hypothesis is rejected. The fourth hypothesis examines the effect of social entrepreneurship self-efficacy on social entrepreneurship intentions. Provided that the t coefficient is equal to (2.10) which is not in the meaningless range (+1.96 and -1.96), it is clear that this hypothesis is significant (it can be claimed with 95% confidence That social entrepreneurship self-efficacy has a significant impact on social entrepreneurship intentions). On the other hand, considering that the standard path coefficient between these two variables is equal to (0.14) and positive, it indicates the positive effect of social entrepreneurship self-efficacy on the intention of social entrepreneurship, and this hypothesis is accepted.     Conclusion The first and second hypotheses affirm that previous experience of social problems affects moral commitment, social entrepreneurship self-efficacy, and entrepreneurial intentions. Efficiency is social entrepreneurship, but it does not influence the intention of entrepreneurship, so all other hypotheses are accepted except for the third hypothesis. The findings also indicate a positive and significant effect of moral commitment on the intention of social entrepreneurship, therefore since this result is consistent with the researcher’s argument, this hypothesis is accepted. The ode event can be traced back to ethics. The results indicate a positive and significant effect of social entrepreneurship self-efficacy on social entrepreneurship intentions, so since this result is consistent with the researcher's argument, this hypothesis is accepted. From mental states to behaviors and attitudes, self-efficacy affects almost everything. People who believe that they can achieve the desired results through their actions feel more competent in facing problems. According to the results, it is clear that social challenges have a positive and significant impact on social entrepreneurship intentions through moral commitment and social entrepreneurship self-efficacy, and these two hypotheses are confirmed.     References Aboudi, M., and Hindijanifard, M. (2017). Entrepreneurial Intent and Social Entrepreneurial Intention in Students Case Study: Gonabad Higher Education Complex, 2nd International Conference on Management and Accounting, Tehran[Text in Persian]. Ajzen, I. (1991). The theory of planned behavior. 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Michelle Sadler, Gonzalo Leiva, Ibone Olza

Carla Kruk, Romina Trinchin, Santiago de Mello et al.

Visualizar la discriminación de las mujeres en ciencia es fundamental. Aquí­ exploramos este proceso y su percepción en el Programa de Desarrollo de las Ciencias Básicas-Geociencias (Uruguay). Datos históricos revelaron mayor proporción de mujeres que varones entre estudiantes y egresadas/os, relación que se invirtió entre investigadoras/res especialmente en grados mayores y de dirección. Sin embargo, una encuesta mostró una baja percepción de esta inequidad. La existencia de barreras imperceptibles en la carrera universitaria y su invisibilización en el territorio universitario podrí­an explicar el fenómeno. Será fundamental continuar la discusión e identificar acciones para disminuir esta brecha en Geociencias.

A. Atreya, M. Shrestha, J. Acharya et al.

In Nepal, it is considered sinful for a woman to have sexual intercourse before marriage while the male is exonerated. The female will be branded a loose character outcast by family and society. Only a small percentage of women who feel the other way and stand mentally strong or who have family support come out to seek justice. Despite the stringent law, the loopholes in the justice mechanism re-victimise female victims. We report a case where a young unmarried pregnant woman who gave birth alone was charged with infanticide.

M. A. Nugroho

ABSTRACT In this study reveals various problems concerning Misyar Wedding (tamasya) which in its term is Marriage which in which the woman gets part of his rights which is arranged at the time of the marriage contract, such as not getting a place to live, livelihood and continuity to live with it. While in KHI 1974 According to Islamic Religion, Marriage is one of the forms of worship that the holiness needs to be maintained by both parties both husband and wife. And his marriage aims to form a happy, prosperous and everlasting family forever. Marriage requires maturity and physical and mental preparation because marriage / marriage is something sacred and can determine a person's way of life. If seen from the review of Psychology and sociology then there will be many polemics that arise from the rights and responsibilities of the husband in the living more specifically the child's future and psychological child, this issue should be Ministry of Religious institutions under the Government of Indonesia need strict supervision by the practice of marriage Misyar by applying regulation in the regions of Indonesia and the implications of the marriage.

Ana Paula Sciammarella, Andrea Catalina León Amaya, Patricia Elisa Rivera

A teoria crítica feminista do Direito, no Brasil, aponta o Judiciário como hermético às reivindicações das mulheres, reprodutor dos arquétipos que reforçam a desigualdade de gênero e a discriminação contra as mulheres. A entrada em vigor da lei 11.340/06 (Lei Maria da Penha) fomenta novas reflexões sobre a judicialização dos chamados conflitos de gênero. Dentre os elementos introduzidos pela Lei Maria da Penha, ganha relevância a criação da categoria normativa “violência de gênero”. O presente trabalho reflete teórica e empiricamente o manejo dessa nova categoria normativa pelos operadores do sistema de justiça, num contexto de articulação de serviços e de multidisciplinariedade. As contribuições da teoria dos sistemas sociais proposta por Niklas Luhmann iluminam a reflexão sobre as práticas judiciais nesse contexto.

Julieta Evangelina Cano

Resumen Este ensayo tiene la finalidad de reflexionar sobre cómo el patriarcado ha construido una otredad femenina ubicada en un lugar de inferioridad, sobre todo a partir de la constitución de lo que llamaré el grupo nominador que marca y construye un signo que señala la inferioridad, en este caso anclado en la diferencia genital, cimiento de la arquitectura de los cuerpos sexuados, inventado al grupo signado como subalterno. A partir de la lectura crítica de producciones de los estudios culturales, y la utilización de sus categorías clave como la de cultura y la de identidad, me propongo visibilizar las resistencias a la construcción patriarcal de la otredad femenina, y a indagar acerca del potencial político que tiene la identificación como «mujeres» para la disputa cultural y el desmantelamiento de las trincheras del patriarcado. Palabras clave: patriarcado, inferioridad femenina, resistencias, otredad. Abstract This essay aims to ponder over how patriarchy has built a female otherness located in a position of inferiority, especially since the creation of what I call the nominating group that builds brand and sign pointing inferiority -in this case anchored in the genital difference, which founded the architecture of sexed bodies, inventing the marked group as a subaltern group. From critical reading of productions of cultural studies, and the use of its key categories such as culture and identity, I intend to make visible the resistance to the patriarchal construction of female otherness, and inquire about the political potential It has identification as «women» for cultural dispute and the dismantling of the trenches of patriarchy. Keywords: patriarchate, female inferiority, resistances, otherness.

D. Dau, S. Preston

J. Belur, Nick Tilley, D. Osrin et al.

Quin Grégory

Françoise-Romaine Ouellette

This introductory article underlines the conceptual and normative redefinitions of the family that are related to critical changes of this institution and to new family configurations. From this perspective, links are traced between the various articles published in this issue of Enfances, Familles, Générations. From different angles, they all refer to aspects of social reproduction accomplished through essential family functions (procreation, caring, education, socialisation…) that are also a concern for the State and many other social actors in civil society. Various topics are being discussed : the sociology of the family, the social movement for a family policy, homoparental families, medically-assisted procreation, the concept of family income, the legal framework for marital and de facto conjugal unions, the attraction of new families in rural areas.