Hasil untuk "Oriental languages and literatures"

Sahar Ḥasan Abdulqadir Ashqar

تعنى هذه الدراسة بشعر العباس بن مرداس السلمي، بهدف البحث عن آليات الحجاج في شعره التي وظفها، بغية التأثير على المتلقين، وإقناعهم بفكره ورؤيته، معتمدة على المنهج الحجاجي التداولي. وجاء البحث في مقدمة وتمهيد يتبعه ثلاثة مباحث ثم النتائج والتوصيات. قدم التمهيد مفهوم الحجاج، ثم لمحه عن حياة العباس بن مرداس. وعالج المبحث الأول آليات الحجاج اللغوي، في حين عالج المبحث الثاني آليات الحجاج البلاغي، أما المبحث الثالث فعالج آليات الحجاج شبه المنطقي. وكان من أهم نتائج البحث: شيوع آليات الحجاج اللغوي في شعر العباس بين مرداس شيوعا ظاهرا، وخاصة التكرار الذي كان له دور واضح في إقناع المتلقي والتأثير عليه، مما عزز من قيمة المقولة التي ترى أن للغة وظيفة حجاجية. كما وردت آليات حجاج لغوية أخرى مثل: أداة الاستفتاح، والتعليل، والاستفهام، والقسم. وإن كانت أقل شيوعا في شعر العباس من التكرار. كما كان لآليات الحجاج البلاغي من تمثيل وكناية وتضاد، وآليات الحجاج شبه المنطقي دورهما الفعال في إبراز نبرة الحجاج والتأثير على المتلقين.

Mohamad Mokdad, Omar Abou Taha

The issue of delimiting Lebanon’s maritime frontier and the subsequent agreement reached on October 10, 2022, and signed on October 27, 2022, extends beyond legal dimensions. The political aspects surrounding the negotiations, before and after the agreement, highlight the involvement of major international powers, which exerted pressures and subtle threats to shape the agreement to serve their interests. This article examines the legal and technical studies conducted during the negotiation process, as well as the interventions made through United Nations communications and the US political mediation led by Amos Hochstein, the Energy Affairs Advisor at the US Department of State. The agreement outlined boundary lines for potential gas and oil exploration in the eastern Mediterranean Sea. This research aims to provide an objective legal analysis of the maritime frontier demarcation agreement between Lebanon and Israel, identifying the legal gaps within the agreement and exploring potential rectifications and amendments to protect Lebanon’s interests.

Mahmut Delen

The Circassians are considered one of the deep-rooted peoples of the Caucasus and have a unique culture. With a history of approximately one hundred and fifty years in Anatolia, the Circassians are characterized by their adherence to their traditions, hospitality and folk culture, which is evident in every aspect of their lives. The Circassians have managed to pass on their cultural heritage to future generations despite the many social rifts and traumas they have experienced. Circassian women have the greatest role in transmitting folk culture. The research attempted to gather data on the daily lives of Circassian women, the division of roles among them, and their impact on the transmission of culture through an interview with a woman who lives in Tekneli, a Circassian village in the central district of Tokat province, and who has continued to practice Circassian culture throughout her life. Based on the data obtained using the in-depth interview method through a semi-structured interview form, analyses were conducted on the perception of women in the Circassian culture. The categories and codes that emerged from the analyses were treated separately and an attempt was made to make sense of them. According to the results of the research, it has been evaluated that much of the common information about Circassian women in the society contains misinformation and that women are given great importance, although there is a patriarchal way of life in the Circassian society.

Ali Ahmed Hasan Al-Bakhrani

يهدف البحث إلى دراسة الدلالة الزمنية للأفعال في جزء الملك، لبيان الدلالات الزمنية المختلفة لبنية الفعل الماضي وأنواعه، وكذلك بنية الفعل المضارع، ومعرفة القرائن التي تحيل إلى تعدد الإحالات الزمنية المختلفة. جاء البحث في مقدمة وتمهيد ومبحثين: المبحث الأول تناول الدلالة الزمنية لصيغة الفعل الماضي، وتوضيح ما دل على الزمن الماضي البسيط والقريب والبعيد، ودلالة صيغة الفعل الماضي لزمن الحال والمستقبل والزمن العام والنظر في القرائن التي تحيل إلى ذلك، مع التطبيق بنماذج من جزء الملك، والمبحث الثاني تطرق إلى صيغة الفعل المضارع ابتداءً من دلالتها على الزمن الماضي ثم الحاضر والمستقبل ثم دلالتها على الزمن العام، وتوضيح السياقات والأسباب التي تشير إلى تلك الدلالات الزمنية المختلفة للصيغة الواحدة للفعل، وتطبيق ذلك في سور جزء الملك من خلال كتب التفاسير، وكتب اللغة والمعاجم، وكتب النحو والصرف. ومن أهم النتائج التي توصل إليها البحث أن القرائن اللفظية ليست وحدها من يحدد الدلالات الزمنية للفعل، بل نجد السياق هو الكفيل بذلك دون وجود تلك القرائن، كما نجد أن التوسع اللغوي للغة العربية والتفنّن في استخدام الصيغ له الأثر في تنوع الدلالات الزمنية المختلفة لصيغة الفعل الواحد. ويوصي الباحث بالاهتمام بالدراسات الدلالية وربطها بعلوم الصرف والنحو لتوضيح مدى التكامل بينها.

Yin Xin

The Carter administration came to power at a crucial period when the relations between the East and the West were shifting from relaxation to re-confrontation. Its policy towards Afghanistan was not only restricted by the situation of U.S.-Soviet Union relations but also exerted a direct influence on the maintenance and transformation of this situation, notably the opening of the “New Cold War” between the East and the West. With the evolution of the Carter administration’s policy towards Afghanistan as the main clue, this paper aims to study the formation background, causes of change and development logic of different US policies towards Afghanistan in this period so as to reveal the internal relationship between the change of the U.S. policy towards Afghanistan and the evolution of the Cold War situation, as well as the essence of the U.S. policy.

Anshar Zulhelmi

معهد التربية الإسلامية تنجكو شيك عمر ديان احدى المؤسسات التربوية الإسلامية بإندونيسيا بحيث يطبق التعليم والتعلّم فيه باللغة العربية والإنجليزية على الطريقة الحديثة. وهو مشهور باللغتين العربية والإنجليزية حيث تستخدمهما الطلبة كلغة التكلم والمحادثة ولغة التعليم في أيامهم اليومية. واللغة العربية هي ألفاظ التي يعبّر بها العرب عن أغراضهم، وقد وصلت إلينا من طريق النقل. وحفظ الله لنا القرآن الكريم والأحاديث الشريفة، وما رواه الثقات من منثور العرب ومنظومهم. كان أولياء الفصول هم المكلفون في غرس اللغة العربية أحسن التأسيس وأحسن التربية والتعليم حتى أصبحت لغتهم العربية صحيحة وجيّدة ولهم كذلك دور كبير في إصلاح لغتهم. أن دور أولياء الفصول في ترقية اللغة العربية للطلبة تكون ذا أهمية عظيمة. فأخذ الباحث نوعية بحثه عن الدراسة الميدانية أو استخدم الباحث لهذا البحث نوع الدراسة الوصفية الكيفية وهي طريقة في التصوير عن أحوال المعلومات والأحوال المتعلقة بالمسألة المعينة بتقريب الدراسة الكيفية لنيل البيانات القيمة النظرية ليس الأرقام من الاحصاءات. إن البيانات في الدراسة الوصفية الكيفية تكون من الكلمات المكتوبة والمنطوقة وكذلك من سلوك الملاحظة. وأما البيانات المحتاجة ومصادرها في هذا البحث فهو: النظرة العامة عن معهد التربية الإسلامية تنجكو شيك عمر ديان، تؤخذ هذه البيانات من الوثائق المكتوبة.

Harizt Azfar

Ulumul quran is one of islamic boarding school in banda aceh which not only focus on tahfiz alquran but also focus in studying arabic language. Nahwu is very important in maintaining fluency and language truth. Based on the observation of researchers, students in this islamic boarding school are still many who do not understand the rules of Arabic while they are able to memorize the alquran. Researchers assume that this is due to inadequate training and teachers do not accustom the use of Qur'anic verses as an example in understanding Arabic language. To overcome this problem, researchers are interested to conduct research in the form of application of examples of Qur'anic verses in studying the rules of arabic language. Researcher choose title qawaid alarabiyah biqtibas alamtsilah minal aayatil quraniyah litarqiyati qudrati atthalabah 'alal qawaid dirasah tajribiyah bima'had ulumul quran pagar air. The aim of this study is to determine the effectiveness and response of students to the use of Qur'anic verses in learning Arabic language rules. This research was an experimental research with post test only control group design. The population in this study were all students of aliyah level in ulumul quran islamic boarding school while the sample in this study were all students of class 2a and 2c. The instrument used to collect data that is post test and observation directly. The test used in this study is t test. The result of the study was the learning of Arabic rules by using Qur'anic verses could improve student’s ability in understanding Arabic rules. This can be seen from t count higher than t table or t = 1.93> from t table = 1.68, while student response in ulumul quran islamic boarding school also showed positive response seen in observation list of good value. Therefore, the research is very useful because it can increase the motivation and facilitate students in learning Arabic language and make it easier for students memorizing the Qur'anic verses in Ulumul quran islamic boarding school.

Hannah Rigg

R. Valeyev, R. Valeyeva, O. Vasilyuk et al.

The article publishes the first letter of A. Y. Krymsky from Beirut, the period of his academic trip to Professor A. N. Veselovsky of Moscow University and the Lazarev Institute of Oriental Languages. The published letter greatly expand our understanding of the period of A. Y. Krymsky's stay in Lebanon from October 1896 to May 1898. These personal autographs of A. Y. Krymsky are valuable material for his extensive epistolary heritage and original assessments of the political, social and cultural situation in Beirut at the end of the 19th century. This is the first ever publication of letter written by A. Y. Krymsky to A. N. Veselovsky in January of 1897, from the collections of the Russian State Archive of Literature and Art.

Tatyana Badlaeva

In the 1920s, the activities of the Buryat Scientific Committee were multifunctional. In addition to scientific researches, the committee carried on educational, publishing and translation activities, including the dissemination of communist ideas. Scientific modernization of Buryatia was impossible without a full-fledged reference apparatus, namely, a library. Organization of cooperation with leading scientific and educational structures of Russia has become a priority in the work of the Committee. By 1928, contacts have been established with over 40 institutions. The largest libraries, research institutes, publishing houses of central scientific journals were among them, for example, with the library of the Asian Museum of the Academy of Sciences, the Leningrad Institute of Living Oriental Languages, the Scientific Association of Oriental Studies, the Central Bureau of Regional Studies, the Kazan University, the Institute for the Study of Languages and Ethnic Cultures of Eastern Peoples, etc. In addition, contacts were established with famous Russian orientalists: A. V. Burdukovsky, B. Ya. Vladimirtsov, V. A. Kazakevich, N. K. Klyukin, S. F. Oldenburg, N. N. Poppe. Book exchange, including international, was established. It was the first channel of acquisition of the Committee’s library, including the distribution of scientific literature. The transfer of bibliographic values from the leading cultural, scientific and educational institutions of the country was the second channel for replenishing the Committee’s library. The acquisition of rare scientific oriental publications in bookstores in Moscow and Leningrad was the third channel. Collecting the items of scientific, cultural and historical value in the regions of Buryatia was the fourth channel of the Committee’s collections. The donating was the fifth channel. For example, D. Ye. Khangalova donated personal materials of the famous Buryat ethnographer and folklorist M. N. Khangalov to the Committee. The receipt of an obligatory sample of new literature was the sixth channel for the accumulation of scientific publications. Аccordingly, the chairman of the Buryat Scientific Committee, an outstanding orientalist and public figure, Bazar Baradin and his associates made significant contribution to the organization of the library, to the accumulation of a complex of academic scientific literature, which contributed to more successful scientific modernization of the republic.

B. Aliev

The famous Russian orientalist Ilya Berezin (1818–1896) after graduation from Kazan University and reception of the Master degree in Oriental literature at the request of the Trustee of the Kazan district M.N. Musin-Pushkin and on the recommendation of Professor A.A. Kazem-Bek in 1842, together with V.F. Dittel, made a three-year trip to Daghestan and Transcaucasia, Arabia, Turkey, Persia and Egypt, where he studied the languages and life of peoples, literature and antiquities of Eastern countries. The result of these trips was a series of his books, including "a Journey through Daghestan and Transcaucasia" (Kazan, 1849, 1850), which, in particular, contains interesting and important historical and ethnographic data about Daghestan. The article examines and characterizes the information of I.N. Berezin about the Tarkovsky shamkhalstvo and its center - the village of Tarki, where he stayed for a week.

Khaydarova Dildora Komilovna

Our Uzbek classical poetry has a special role in the world literature as its ideological and artistic maturity and the richness of its genres as well. The names of such poets as Alisher Navoi, Firdavsi, Jami, Hafiz, Nizami, Umar Khayyam and Babur who were recognized as great figures, have been rediscovered and continue to have an impact on world poetry. In this regard, many great epics of Oriental literature have been studied and translated into European languages. In this article, I will discuss the literary relations in Uzbek and German poetry.

G. Astanova

In the XII-XIV centuries, many myths and legends, tales of strange adventures and various oriental romantic works were translated into European languages. It is well known that among the Arabic works translated into European languages, the fairy tales “1001 Nights” have fascinated readers of the world since ancient times. As a result, this work influenced the works of world and Uzbek writers. The article analyzes the best work of world literature which was created on the basis of the Arabian fairy tale “1001 Nights”.

Daniel Martineschen

Friedrich Ruckert (1788-1866) was a German Romantic poet and translator. A self-taught scholar and polyglot, he translated many works from many languages of the Middle East, such as the Koran, poetry in Persian, Turkish and Arabic. His own poetry reveals strong influence from his work as translator and reader of oriental literature. His most famous work, Kindertodtenlieder, which was set to music by Gustav Mahler, poetically embodies his grief for his two youngest children, who died of scarlatina. We bring here four of these poems in previously unreleased translation into Portuguese.

Patimat M. Alibekova

The article gives a general description of old printed Dagestan books stored in the Department of National Literatures of the Russian National Library in St. Petersburg and an annotated description of the most popular Avar-language writings in Dagestan in Ajam. The Department of national literature of the Russian National Library in St. Petersburg has the richest literature in 98 languages, ranging from 17th-century printed editions to modern literature. The library has 159 books in the North Caucasian languages. The books are published in the printing houses of Muhammadmirza Mavraev in Temir-khan Shura, A. M. Mikhailov in Port-Petrovsk, Ibnuhajar Nahibashev in Khasavyurt. The works are written in Arabic, Chechen, Avar, Lak, Kumik and Dargin languages. Avar writing passed a rather long and complicated way of formation and development. The numerous works of Avar written language that have come down to us testify to the gradual process of adapting the Arabic graphic system to the phonetic features of the Dagestan languages. The earliest of them date from the XIII–XIV centuries. The formation of the Ajam letter system contributed to the appearance in the languages of the peoples of Dagestan a large number of works of various genres written by Dagestan scholars or translated into national languages. The emergence of typography in Dagestan at the end of the 19th — beginning of the 20th century accelerated the development and dissemination of the Ajam written language and literature. The geographical dispersion of the storage places of old-printed Dagestan books complicates our understanding of their quantitative indicator. Annually conducted by the staff of the Department of Oriental studies of the Institute of history, archaeology and Ethnography of the DFC RAS archaeographic work with expedition trips to different regions of Dagestan indicates the existence of many undiscovered written sources on the history of Dagestan book culture. The identification of old printed books, their fixation and research remains a relevant task today. In the article we tried to give an extended description of old-printed books in Avar language, located in the Department of National Literatures of the National Library of Russia. Book descriptions are supplemented with information about the authors of books, the characteristic of works, copyists, which are drawn from prefaces, colophons and extra-text entries. The information contained in the article can be useful in compiling catalogs and descriptions of old printed books in Dagestan languages.

V. Danylych

The article focuses on the development of national literature in the process of historical evolution of society and its language, historical relations with other cultures which have some influence on the general literary activity in Medieval Iberian Romania. It was singled out the dominating role of epics as the main genre in the majority of occidental and oriental literatures, which confirms the importance of moral and political meaning of military honor which grew to the scale of the ideal of the epoch. It was stated the significant role of borrowed genres, plots, topics, motives from the polyphonic multinational literary repertoire in the formation of the national contents of poetical and prose works of the epoch of foundation of the national language and literature of Iberian Romania. The cultural phenomenon of the use of Galician Portuguese in poetry was highlighted. The tradition confirmed the lyrical function of Galician Portuguese in poetry and the King of Leon and Castile supported this tradition on the condition of the absence of general national language of Medieval Spain. The high prestige of Galician lyrics was transformed into the language itself which had special poetical internal feature. Bright and complicated phenomenon in Medieval culture of Spain is Arabian-Spanish (Andalusia) poetry of the VIIIXV centuries. It appeared as a result of transference of mighty oriental Arabian (Syrian) tradition onto the Iberian Peninsula. The bearers of the tradition wereMuslim Arabs who settled down in Spain after its conquest. The unique historical situation made Iberian Peninsula the arena of interaction of occidental and oriental civilizations. The external impulses made influence on literary life of Medieval Spain, constantly developing the people’s literary imagination, although not destroying but reinforcing the unique character of the national culture.

Ali Hasanović

R. Zamaletdinov, R. Nurmukhametova, Fanuza Gabdrakhmanova

This article reviews the book “Tatar Grammar ” by the German Turkologist Gustav Burbiel (Stockholm – Moscow, 2018). This publication is the grammar of the literary Tatar language in English. In the 1970s and 1980s, Gustav Burbiel collaborated with the Bible Translation Institute in Sweden where he edited new Bible translations into Turkic languages. Kh. Kurbatov, a leading researcher in the Department of Linguistics of G. Ibragimov Institute of Language, Literature and Art, took part in the compilation of this work. Gustav Burbiel completed his work in 1994 and soon after he passed away. In January 2001, the Bible Translation Institute in Sweden printed several copies of the trial edition. Despite the decades that have passed since this grammar book was written, the staff of the Institute considers that his work is still relevant, so it was reprinted in 2018. With an exception of “Tatar Manual”, published by the linguist and expert in oriental languages Nikolai Nikolayevich Poppe in 1963, Burbiel’s grammar is the largest and most important work on Tatar linguistics, written in English.

M. Cheong, G. Lee, Hyung-Won Kang et al.

Introduction: This systematic review protocol describes the methods that will be used to evaluate the efficacy and safety of mindfulness meditation and cognitive behavioral therapy programs as a psychological intervention for insomnia disorders. Methods and analysis: We will search the following 11 electronic databases without language or publication status restrictions: MEDLINE, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, EMBASE, Allied and Complementary Medicine Database, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, and PsycARTICLES. Furthermore, we will also search 5 Korean-language databases (Oriental Medicine Advanced Searching Integrated System, Korean studies Information Service System, Research Information Service System, Korean Medical Database, and Korea Citation Index). The study selection and data extraction will be performed independently by 2 authors. The study quality assessment and evaluation of the quality of evidence for the main findings will be performed independently by 2 authors using the Cochrane tool for assessing risk of bias and predefined criteria (the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation approach). Data synthesis and analysis will be performed using RevMan Version 5.3. Data will be synthesized by either a fixed effects or random effects model according to a heterogeneity test or the number of studies included in the meta-analysis. If any plan for documenting important protocol amendments changes, the researchers will have a revision agreement and then register the modification in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO). Ethics and dissemination: Ethical approval will not be required because individual patient data are not included and because this protocol is for a systematic review. The findings of this systematic review will be disseminated through conference presentations. PROSPERO registration number: CRD42018111217.