Hasil untuk "Nutrition. Foods and food supply"

Ni-Na Yan, Yu Zhou, Jing Xiao et al.

This study aimed to systematically evaluate the effects of vacuum freeze drying (VFD), vacuum drying (VD), natural drying (ND), vacuum microwave drying (VMD), hot air drying (HAD) and microwave drying (MD) on the physicochemical properties, microstructure, and antioxidant capacity of tomato peel residues (TPs). Focusing on identifying the optimal approach that strikes a balance between product quality and industrial feasibility. The results indicated that VFD effectively retained the appearance color, microstructure, lycopene content (12.35 mg/100 g), reducing sugar content (4,024 mg/100 g), hydration capacity, and antioxidant capacity of TPs. VMD exhibited the highest vitamin C content (20.45 mg/100 g) and quality comparable to VFD, along with short drying time and low energy consumption. HAD resulted in the highest levels of total phenolic content (48.66 mg/100 g) and total flavonoid content (72.85 mg/100 g). VMD proved to be the most promising technology for achieving large-scale, high-value industrial drying of TPs due to its exceptional drying efficiency and excellent overall quality retention capabilities. This study provides key theoretical foundations and technical pathways for the value-added utilization of tomatoes processing by-products, holding significant importance for advancing the green, circular, and sustainable development of the food industry.

Alvreyna Cherienda Laviashna Saputro, Dwirini Retno Gunarti

Background: Despite can be prevented with good nutrition, average prevalence of stunting in Indonesia remains high at 30.8%. The effects of stunting are detrimental to the individual and Indonesia's human resources. Stunted children had low blood zinc levels which disrupted enzyme and antioxidant activity, as well as bone growth processes and bone homeostasis. Eggs that contain zinc and have high bioavailability are expected to be able to increase low blood zinc levels. This study was designed to examine the impact of routine egg consumption on zinc levels in stunted children. Methods: This experimental quantitative study was conducted in the Siontapina Health Center, Buton Regency, Southeast Sulawesi. and included 22 participants which divided into intervention and control groups. The intervention was carried out by health workers giving one egg per day for 30 days with the same type of cooking per day to the participants. Zinc levels were assessed using a spectrophotometer and analyzed using statistical software. Result: The results showed a significant difference between the two groups (p <0.05). The average zinc level in the intervention group was 718.8133 ug/dL, which was higher than the control group (143.4536 ug/dL). Thus, giving 1 egg a day for 30 days caused a significant change in blood zinc levels in stunted children aged 2-5 years in Buton Regency. Conclusion: Stunted children supplemented with one egg daily for 30 days had significantly higher zinc levels than unsupplemented children.

Muhammad Khalid Jamil, Wouter Julius Smolenaars, Bashir Ahmad et al.

Nearly 86 % of the 1.4 million agricultural tube wells extracting groundwater for irrigation of crops in Lower Indus Basin (LIB) Pakistan are powered by diesel fuel. Diesel is expensive, needs to be imported and contributes to global warming through CO2 emissions. The increasing global focus on clean energy sources has prompted a shift from diesel fuel to solar photovoltaic (PV) energy for powering irrigation tube wells. The broad availability of inexpensive/free operational energy and abundant solar energy for pumping can cause over-extraction of groundwater. This study investigates the impacts of converting diesel pumps to solar PV pumps on groundwater extraction in LIB Pakistan. We conducted one-to-one comparisons of solar vs diesel pumps in thirty pairs of farmers working in similar circumstances. We estimated annual water extracted by solar and diesel pump farmers in each pair utilizing the data collected through flow measurements and crop wise irrigation times for each pair of farms using a targeted survey questionnaire, followed by a validation process. We utilized validated “Global Solar Atlas” (GSA), an online tool that accounts for daily and seasonal variation in solar pumps flows. Flow rates of diesel-operated pumps were measured, and annual water volumes pumped by both types of pumps were compared. Results show that the introduction of solar pumps significantly increased groundwater pumping compared to diesel fuelled pumps (P = 0.005∗). The average annual water pumped by solar and diesel pumps was found to be 1.6 ∗ 103 and 1.3 ∗ 103 mm respectively. In 77 % of the cases, farms using solar pumps extracted more water than their diesel counterparts under comparable conditions. While acknowledging benefits of solar PV pumping for agriculture in LIB Pakistan, the outcome of the study emphasized the need for a cautious and well-informed upscaling approach to avoid overextraction of groundwater.

Hermans Michel P., Sylvie A. Ahn, Michel F. Rousseau et al.

BackgroundHyperglycemia and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) pose a significant risk for cardiovascular diseases and associated complications in individuals with hyperlipidemia. Statin therapy, effective in reducing cholesterol and cardiovascular risks, paradoxically increases incident T2DM risk due to its adverse impact on glucose homeostasis. Therefore, there is a pressing need for safe, and effective adjunctive or alternative therapies to manage hyperglycemia in hyperlipidemic individuals. There is growing body of pharmacological evidence suggesting that Amla and Olive extract supplementation can be beneficial in managing hyperglycemia in individuals with hyperlipidemia.ObjectiveThe present study aimed to assess for the first time the potential synergistic antihyperglycemic effects of a daily co-supplementation of 1,000 mg Amla fruit and 50 mg Olive fruit standardized extracts (Cholesfytol NG®) over a 2-months period in hyperlipidemic adults with T2DM or prediabetes.MethodsThis retrospective cross-sectional observational study analyzed treatment outcomes in 191 hyperlipidemic adults under the care of their physicians at 57 General Practitioner clinics in Belgium during real-life clinical practice between March 19, 2020, and January 31, 2022. These participants received Cholesfytol NG® as supplementary therapy to improve their metabolic health. The supplement was prescribed in an open-label, non-randomized manner, tailored to each participant’s need.ResultsAfter 2-months of Cholesfytol NG® supplementation, participants showed significant reductions in glycemia levels: in the T2DM group, levels decreased by 42.7 ± 17.9 mg/dL (27.9%, p &lt; 0.0001), and in the prediabetic group, by 2.26 ± 11.5 mg/dL (4.7%, p = 0.0020). Conversely, no significant change was observed in participants with normal baseline glycemia (1.55 ± 10.3 mg/dL, p = 0.088). Overall, glycemia levels decreased from 96.4 ± 18.2 mg/dL to 94.0 ± 13.5 mg/dL (mean decrease of 2.4 ± 14.5 mg/dL, p &lt; 0.0001). The supplement was well tolerated and no side-effects, serious adverse events, or treatment-emergent effects were reported.ConclusionThe findings of this real-life clinical study highlight the potential synergistic antihyperglycemic effects of co-supplementation with Amla and Olive fruit extracts in managing hyperglycemia, particularly in individuals with hyperlipidemia. These results suggest that this botanical combination may help mitigate risks associated with hyperglycemia and cardiovascular disease in hyperlipidemic population.Clinical trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov, NCT06187298.

Shan Zhang, Chuanying Ren, Caiyun Wang et al.

This paper aims to overview the influence of different gels that including hydrocolloids and oleogel on techno-functional changes of dairy foods. The hydrocolloids are widely added to dairy products as stabilizers, emulsifiers, and gelling agents to enhance their texture, or improve sensory properties to meet consumer needs; and the newly developed oleogel, which despite less discussed in dairy foods, this article lists its application in different dairy products. The properties of different hydrocolloids were explained in detail, meanwhile, some common hydrocolloids such as pectin, sodium alginate, carrageenan along with the interaction between gel and proteins on techno-functional properties of dairy products were mainly discussed. What’s more, the composition of oleogel and its influence on dairy foods were briefly summarized. The key issues have been revealed that the use of both hydrocolloids and oleogel has great potential to be the future trend to improve the quality of dairy foods effectively.

Lu Cao, Dan Zhang, Ying Zhao et al.

AimsTo systematically evaluate the efficacy and safety of different insulin infusion methods in the treatment of total parenteral nutrition (TPN)-associated hyperglycemia based on published literature and the data of completed clinical trials using a network meta-analysis.MethodsA comprehensive search of PubMed, Elsevier, Web of Science, EMBASE, Medline, clinicaltrials.gov, Cochrane Library, and three Chinese databases (Wanfang Data, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, and SINOMED) up to December 15, 2022, was performed to collect information on different insulin infusion methods used for the treatment of TPN-associated hyperglycemia, and the Cochrane systematic review method was used to screen the literature, evaluate the quality of the included literature, and extract clinical characteristics for a network meta-analysis. Clinical outcomes included mean blood glucose (MBG), hypoglycemia, hospital length of stay, hyperglycemia, surgical site infection (SSI) and mean total daily insulin.ResultsA total of 21 articles, including 1,459 patients, were included to analyze 6 different routes of insulin infusion, including continuous intravenous insulin infusion (CVII), continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII), subcutaneous glargine insulin (s.c. GI), the addition of regular insulin to the PN mixture (RI-in-PN), multiple subcutaneous insulin injections (MSII) and 50% of insulin administered as RI-in-PN + 50% of insulin administered as s.c. GI (50% RI-in-PN + 50% s.c. GI). The results of the network meta-analysis showed that MSII was the least effective in terms of MBG, followed by CVII. The 6 interventions were basically equivalent in terms of the hypoglycemia incidence. In terms of the length of hospital stay, patients in the CVII group had the shortest hospital stay, while the MSII group had the longest. CVII was the best intervention in reducing the incidence of hyperglycemia. The incidence of SSI was the lowest in the CSII and CVII groups, and the mean daily insulin dosage was the lowest in the CVII group.ConclusionCurrent literature shows that for the treatment of TPN-associated hyperglycemia, CVII is the most effective, reducing the incidence of hyperglycemia and shortening the length of hospital stay without increasing the incidence of hypoglycemia. MSII has the worst efficacy, leading to a higher MBG and longer hospital stay, and RI-in-PN, CSII, s.c. GI and 50% RI-in-PN + 50% s.c. GI are better in terms of efficacy and safety and can be substituted for each other. Systematic Review Registration https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/, identifier CRD42023439290.

Maria Góis, Patrícia Batista, Magnólia Araújo et al.

Probiotic products have been the focus of research for several years due to the potential of their biological properties to impact mental health, mood, and cognitive functions. Kombucha is a probiotic drink that has been reported to be beneficial for mental health, particularly at the level of emotion regulation. This study aims to understand the perception of the Portuguese and Brazilian populations regarding the consumption of probiotics and Kombucha, as well as to understand these consumers’ perceptions related to the impact on emotion regulation (and the impact of this consumption on emotion regulation). The research was conducted through an online questionnaire and had a total sample of 256 participants. The results show that there are no statistically significant differences between the consumption of probiotics and Kombucha when comparing the Portuguese and Brazilian samples. Additionally, this study reveals a significant association between probiotic consumption patterns in both the Portuguese and Brazilian samples. However, no statistically significant relationship was found between the consumption of probiotics and Kombucha and emotion regulation. This study intends to contribute to the increase in knowledge about the perception of probiotics and Kombucha consumption in relation to emotion regulation, and to draw attention to the importance of this topic in the community (society, academia, and industry).

Junfeng Hao, Gentu Ge, Yushan Jia et al.

Lactuca indica L. contains high amounts of flavonoids and phenolic acids. However, there is limited information on the composition of these compounds in different parts of the plant. The present study analyzed the secondary metabolite profiles of the stem, leaf, flower, and seed of Lactuca indica L.cv. Mengzao (LIM) using a widely targeted metabolomic approach. A total of 576 secondary metabolites were identified, including 218, 267, 232, 286, 302, and 308 differentially accumulated metabolites (DAMs) in the stem_vs_leaf, stem_vs_flower, stem_vs_seed, leaf_vs_flower, leaf_vs_seed, and flower_vs_seed comparisons. In particular, considerable differences were detected in the flavonoids and phenolic acids, five flavonoids, five phenolic acids, one triterpenoid and one alkaloid being differentially accumulated in the four parts. Compared to the stem and flower, the leaf and seed had higher total flavonoid content and total phenolic content. Thses findings provide comprehensive insights into utilizing different parts of LIM in developing functional food products.

Kaarunya Sampathkumar, Hong Yu, Say Chye Joachim Loo

The increasing global population has put enormous stresses on food security. Aquaculture is a major source of food fish and is considered one of the key pillars of our global food supply. The increasing aquaculture production has led to a surge in demand for fishmeal and fish oil – key ingredients of fish feeds obtained from finite marine resources. Decreasing the dependence on marine resources could improve the sustainability of farmed fishes. One strategy is to replace fishmeal with alternative proteins. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of how industrial food wastes can be valorised into a sustainable protein source as a replacement for fishmeal. The direct substitution of fishmeal with food wastes and the challenges associated with it will first be discussed. Next, a section will be devoted to repurposing of industrial food waste as insect feeds for the bioconversion of waste into high value protein source. A special mention on the use of encapsulated micronutrients and probiotics for functionalised feeds will also be reviewed. The review concludes by summarizing the existing regulations on the use of waste in aquaculture, its public perception, and future perspectives in converting food waste into aquaculture feed for a sustainable circular economy.

Tshamisane Mkhari, Tafadzwa Kaseke, Tafadzwa Kaseke et al.

IntroductionThe present study evaluated the potential of maltodextrin (MT), gum Arabic (GA), and their blends to produce functional beetroot waste extract powder (BWEP).MethodsThe beetroot waste extracts were produced using 50% ethanol and encapsulated using 10% (1:10, w/v) of the GA and MT carriers at different blending ratios, namely, GA:MT 1:0, GA:MT 0:1, GA:MT 1:1, GA:MT 2:1, and GA:MT 1:2, respectively. The BWEP were analyzed for physicochemical, technofunctional, morphological, crystallinity, and antioxidant properties.ResultsBWEP produced using either GA or MT exhibited better color, solubility, encapsulation efficiency, and betalain content. Powders from the blends of GA and MT showed better oil holding capacity and total phenolic content. On the other hand, powder yield, total soluble solids, titratable acidity, bulk density, and DPPH radical scavenging activity did not significantly differ (p &gt; 0.05) among the powders. BWEP produced using GA and MT separately was relatively smaller and more regular compared to the powders from the blended biopolymers. All powders showed signs of agglomeration, which was more pronounced in the powders from the blended biopolymers. A total of 16 metabolites, including betalains (9), phenolic acids (2), and flavonoids (5), were tentatively identified. The majority of the metabolites were entrapped in the BWEP produced using GA and MT separately. The quantified metabolites included gallic acid (33.62–44.83 μg/g DM), (+)-catechin (32.82–35.84 μg/g DM), (−)-epicatechin (37.78–45.89 μg/g DM), and myricetin (30.07–35.84 μg/g DM), which were significantly higher in the BWEP produced from GA or MT separately.DiscussionThe study showed that although blending GA and MT has the potential to improve the quality of BWEP, using these biopolymers separately showed a promise to promote a food circular bioeconomy.

Liang Zhang, Zisheng Han, Daniel Granato

Fangkai Han, Li Ming, Joshua H. Aheto et al.

This work aims to investigate a feasible and practical technique for the authentication of edible animal blood food (EABF) using Fourier transform near-infrared (FT-NIR) coupled with fast chemometrics. A total of 540 samples were used, including raw duck blood tofu (DBT), cow blood-based gel (CBG), pig blood-based gel (PBG), and DBT binary and ternary adulterated with CBG and PBG. The protein, fat, total sugar, and 16 kinds of amino acids were measured to validate the difference in basic organic matters among EABFs according to species. Fisher linear discriminate analysis (Fisher LDA) and extreme learning machine (ELM) were implemented comparatively to identify the adulterated EABF. To predict adulteration levels, four extreme learning machine regression (ELMR) models were constructed and optimized. Results showed that, by analyzing 27 crucial spectral variables, the ELM model provides higher accuracy of 93.89% than Fisher LDA for the independent samples. All the correlation coefficients of the optimized ELMR models’ training and prediction sets were better than 0.94, the root mean square errors were all less than 3.5%, and the residual prediction deviation and the range error ratios were all higher than 4.0 and 12.0, respectively. In conclusion, the FT-NIR paired with ELM have great potential in authenticating the EABF. This work presents amino acids content in EABFs for the first time and built tracing models for rapid authentication of DBT, which can be used to manage the EABF market, thereby preventing illegal adulteration and unfair competition.

Asma Asma, Abdul Rohman, Djoko Santosa et al.

Sidaguri atau Sida rhombifolia L. telah digunakan oleh masyarakat sebagai obat tradisional, yaitu: penghilang rasa nyeri, radang, asam urat, penyakit kuning, muntah darah, dan sakit gigi. Faktor yang mempengaruhi produksi kandungan metabolit sekunder adalah kondisi lingkungan seperti tempat tumbuh, iklim, interaksi intra dan inter-spesifik serta waktu panen. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui aktivitas antioksidan serta kadar flavonoid dan fenolik total ekstrak sidaguri berdasarkan tempat tumbuh. Sampel diekstraksi dengan ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UAE) dan diuji penangkapan radikal bebas menggunakan metode 2,2’-difenil-1-pikrilhidrazil (DPPH) dan 2,2’-azino-bis(3-diethyl4benzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS), serta penetapan kadar flavonoid total dan kandungan fenolik total. Hasil uji aktivitas antioksidan sidaguri dari Cangkringan dan Ngemplak memiliki aktivitas antioksidan tertinggi baik pada metode penangkapan radikal DPPH dengan nilai IC50 masing-masing sebesar 0,400±0,004 dan 0,403±0,004 mg/mL, maupun metode ABTS dengan nilai TEAC masing-masing sebesar 40,733±0,240 dan 35,598±0,153 mg/g serbuk sidaguri, dengan kadar flavonoid total masing-masing sebesar 10,095±0,068 dan 12,066±0,025 mg/g serbuk sidaguri dan kadar fenolik total masing-masing sebesar 56,45±0,068 dan 31,502±0,025 mg/g serbuk sidaguri.

Shweta Rathee, Vanya Nayak, Kshitij RB Singh et al.

Micronutrient malnutrition (or hidden hunger) caused by vitamin B-complex deficiency is a significant concern in the growing population. Vitamin B-complex plays an essential role in many body functions. With the introduction of nanotechnology in the food industry, new and innovative techniques have started to develop, which holds a promising future to end malnutrition and help achieve United Nations Sustainable Developmental Goal-2 (UN SDG-2), named as zero hunger. This review highlights the need for nanofortification of vitamin B-complex in food matrix to address challenges faced by conventional fortification methods (bioavailability, controlled release, physicochemical stability, and shelf life). Further, different nanomaterials like organic, inorganic, carbon, and composites along with their applications, are discussed in detail. Among various nanomaterials, organic nanomaterials (lipid, polysaccharides, proteins, and biopolymers) were found best for fortifying vitamin B-complex in foods. Additionally, different regulatory aspects across the globe and prospects of this upcoming field are also highlighted in this review.

ZHANG Lishi

Since the regulation of health food management in China in 1996， a series of changes have taken place in the functions of health food which were allowed to apply for and approve/register in the past 26 years. The expression and interpretation of function terms/claims have been gradually improved and been more reasonable， which laid a solid foundation for further supervision and market regulation， and reserved space and possibility for the development of new health functions. This paper briefly introduced and reviewd the development and change process of the functions of health food in China， and made some suggestions for the development of new health functions.

Jody Harris, Brian Chisanga, Scott Drimie et al.

Ryan Q. De Torres

Background: Between 2010 and 2018, the Philippines had a 203% increase in new human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infections. The use of condoms is an effective and practical means to prevent HIV transmission. The purpose of this study was to identify facilitators and barriers to condom use among Filipinos guided by the Ecological Model of Health Promotion. Methods: A systematic review of literature using electronic databases was performed using the following keywords: "condom," "Filipinos," and "Philippines." To be included in this review, papers should be (1) research studies, (2) studies that examined condom use, and (3) studies that sampled Filipinos residing in the Philippines. The final sample comprised of 27 articles. Results: Multiple and interrelated factors at the individual and social environment levels influence condom use among different groups of Filipinos. Majority of these factors originated at the intrapersonal level. Some of the facilitators to condom use were knowledge on HIV, higher perceived HIV risk, peer support, positive manager attitude, health provider engagement, and city ordinances. In contrast, some of the barriers to condom use were discomfort and displeasure on condom use, low parental communication, lack of sex education, social stigma, and the high price of condoms. Conclusion: A collaborative, culturally-sensitive, and population-specific approach is essential to develop and implement acceptable, sustainable, and successful condom use interventions.

Harald Rohm, Marije Oostindjer, Jessica Aschemann-Witzel et al.

Consumers are directly and indirectly responsible for a significant fraction of food waste which, for a large part, could be avoided if they were willing to accept food that is suboptimal, i.e., food that deviates in sensory characteristics (odd shape, discoloration), or that has a best-before date which is approaching or has passed, but that is still perfectly fine to eat. The choice to accept or discard suboptimal food is taken either before or after purchase (hence, in the retail store or in the household). The aim of the European research project COSUS (Consumers in a sustainable food supply chain) was to increase consumer acceptance of suboptimal food, before and after purchase, by implementing targeted strategies that are based on consumer insights, and that are feasible for and acceptable by the food sector. To reach this aim, different methodological approaches were applied to analyze this issue, to experiment with different aspects, and to test the resulting interventions. Each of these approaches was undertaken by competent consortium partners from Denmark, Germany, Norway, Sweden and The Netherlands. The project finally provides validated strategies to promote the distribution and consumption of suboptimal foods, thereby improving resource efficiency in the food chain and contributing to a more sustainable food supply.

EFSA Panel on Nutrition, Novel foods and Food allergens (NDA), Dominique Turck, Jacqueline Castenmiller et al.

Abstract Following a request from the European Commission, the EFSA Panel on Nutrition, Novel Foods and Allergens (NDA) was asked to deliver an opinion on nicotinamide riboside chloride as a novel food (NF) pursuant to Regulation (EU) 2015/2283, including an evaluation of the safety of its use in food supplements as a source of niacin, and the bioavailability of nicotinamide from this source, in the context of Directive 2002/46/EC. The NF, a synthetic form of nicotinamide riboside, is proposed to be used in food supplements for the healthy adult population at levels up to 300 mg/day. The production process, composition, specifications, batch‐to‐batch variability and stability of the NF do not raise safety concerns. Animal and human data indicate that the NF contributes to the nicotinamide body pool. There are no concerns regarding genotoxicity. Human studies do not raise safety concerns. The proposed maximum use level corresponds to an amount of nicotinamide, which is sixfold lower than the tolerable upper intake level (UL) set for adults, excluding pregnant and lactating women. The margin of exposure (MoE) of 70 derived from repeated dose toxicity studies with rats and dogs is considered sufficient for the adult population, excluding pregnant and lactating women. Regarding these two population groups, the MoE of 76 derived from a developmental toxicity study in rats is considered insufficient in the absence of data which could justify accepting a MoE lower than 100. The Panel concludes that the NF is safe under the proposed conditions of use for the healthy adult population, excluding pregnant and lactating women, and that an intake of the NF up to 230 mg/day is safe for pregnant and lactating women. The Panel also concludes that the NF is a source from which nicotinamide, a form of niacin, is bioavailable.

Rotimi Aluko