Hasil untuk "Latin America. Spanish America"

Ludivine Gravito

Martín Rivas, in the words of the author, seeks to "interest and instruct", setting up the hero couple of his novel as a model for young Chileans. The claim of liberal ideology allows the analysis of the novel to be oriented towards the elaboration of a model of ideal youth, apt to participate in the construction of the liberal and enlightened nation that the author longed for. Nowadays, promotional and educational discourses set the novel up as a faithful reflection of the reality of that time. On the other hand, academic discourses tend to evolve: if in the 1940s, Martín Rivas appears as a symbol of meritocracy, in the 1970s, he is merely the heir to a middle class. From the 2010s onwards, an analysis of Chilean identity was added to this model: based on the liberal ideals of the European Enlightenment, the novel forged the ideal young Chilean under a model based on the exclusion of the poorest and the indigenous peoples. Thus, promotional and academic discourse has an impact on the ideology and methods of teaching the novel in secondary school.

Shubert Silveira

Griselda Mársico

En septiembre de 1962 tuvo lugar en Berlín el Primer Coloquio de Escritores Latinoamericanos y Alemanes, convocado por la revista Humboldt, al que también asistieron traductores, críticos, editores y académicos. En el presente artículo se analizan las diversas formas en las que la traducción estuvo involucrada en el coloquio. Tras una breve contextualización, que incluye un análisis de la composición de las listas de invitados y sus consecuencias para la generación de asimetrías, se ensaya, en primer lugar, una lectura de las líneas centrales de debate sobre la traducción. Desde la perspectiva de la historia de las relaciones intelectuales entre América Latina y Alemania, se intenta dilucidar, en segundo lugar, qué expectativas se depositan en la traducción para realizar posibles proyectos  conjuntos y qué modelos de colaboración se esbozan. Para concluir se retoma el criterio de la asimetría y se examinan dos de los proyectos derivados del encuentro.

Igor Salomão Teixeira

O objetivo deste artigo é analisar a Cronicon siculum, que narra a história da Ilha da Sicília desde tempos imemoriais ao presente do autor, com especial foco na relação conflituosa estabelecida entre palermitanos, angevinos e aragoneses no território a partir das Vésperas Sicilianas (1282). O problema de pesquisa é: A história global/conectada serve para analisar a disputa de territórios? A análise está baseada nas discussões sobre as possibilidades de abordar objetos de estudo a partir da conexão entre processos aparentemente distintos e/ou analisar como regiões distintas se relacionaram com os mesmos processos. Os conceitos utilizados foram: middle seas, mediação e comunicação política. As conclusões remetem à proficuidade do aparato conceitual e da perspectiva da história conectada e apontam para o “triplo uso” do conflito na Ilha.

Sven Korzilius

The article provides an overview of the historiographical debates on the relevance of law and courts for colonial slavery in the early modern, presenting several possible master narratives. Departing from the question about the legal sources used by the jurists of the early modern era producing “slave law in action”, the article focuses on procedural law of the freedom trials, especially on the interim situation of the person whose status the trial was about. This aspect of the proceedings is fascinating, because here the tension between the two extreme positions of the parties (liberty vs. slavery/property) is discharged for the first time. A close look at the sources proves that the jurists sought to justify the possible solutions not only with the custom of the courts (stilus curiae), but that a variety of legal formants contributed to colonial slave law, notably the authority of the Roman model, which the article presents shortly in its development, and of certain medieval forms, like the summariissimum or the actio (or execeptio) spolii. Legal doctrine was frequently quoted. As a result, Brazilian colonial slavery did not occur in a legal vacuum, but proves to have been highly institutionalized, and many aspects of the civil law of slavery appear as a relatively conservative continuation of European practice, without visible innovations to the favor or the detriment of the unfree population.

Andrey Minin Martin

Resenha da obra:NOVAIS, Fernando A; SILVA, Rogério F. (Org.). Nova história em perspectiva. Vol. 01: Propostas e desdobramentos. São Paulo: Cosac Naify, 2011. 560 p.

Robert H. Jackson

<p>This is the second of a series of three articles that present information on the<br />population and vital rates of the Jesuit missions in the Paraguay province reconstructed from censuses.</p>

Josefina Luzuriaga

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Carlos Battilana

This article sets out to examine different mechanisms of poetry magazines as objects of reflections per se. Literary magazines have a cartographical quality in the sense that they organize the map of a group of works and authors. A magazine produces a critical system of selection. Far from suggesting a stable nature of literary magazines, each of their interventions influences a concrete community and temporality in different ways, which turns each historical moment into a stimulus whose effects are not known beforehand.

Aitor Yraola

Resumen Este articulo analiza las actitudes linguisticas de hablantes nativos de espanol de Madrid hacia al espanol de Espana y el de los otros paises hispanohablantes. Este articulo hace parte de los resultados del Proyecto LIAS (Linguistic Identity and Attitudes in Spanish-speaking Latin America), financiado por El Consejo Noruego de Investigacion (RCN). La recoleccion de los datos se realizo en la capital del pais, entrevistando a una muestra de 400 personas, estratificada con las variables de edad, sexo y nivel socioeconomico. Los resultados de la investigacion muestran la alta autoestima de Castilla y Madrid como puntos referenciales del idioma espanol y la apreciacion positiva de su propia variante, mientras que hacia las regiones del Norte y del Sur presentan actitudes negativas. Respecto de los paises hispanoamericanos, resultaron conocidas y apreciadas las hablas de Colombia, Argentina y Chile. Abstract This article analyzes the linguistic attitudes of native Spanish speakers from Madrid towards Spanish spoken in Spain and in the other Spanish-speaking countries. It is a result of the LIAS-Project (Linguistic Identity and Attitudes in Spanish-speaking Latin America), funded by The Research Council of Norway (RCN). The data were gathered in the capital of the country, interviewing a stratified sample of 400 respondents based on the variables of age, sex and socioeconomic status. The results presented in this article reflect the high self-esteem of Castile and Madrid as central references of the Spanish language, and the positive attitude towards their spoken variety of the language, while the regions of Northern and Southern Spain are perceived in a negative way. Regarding the Spanish-speaking Latin American countries, Spanish spoken in Colombia, Argentina and Chile is appreciated.

Esteban Bargas

Bibliographic review.

Walther L. Bernecker, David Escribano, Nieves Romero-Díaz et al.

Oscar Videla, Paulo Menotti

El 2 de mayo de 1928 se inicia una huelga de estibadores portuarios en Rosario después de años de tibia actividad sindical. Dí­as más tarde, varios hechos de sangre provocaron la solidaridad obrera con dos paros generales que conmovieron a la ciudad por su agitación y violencia. Los portuarios villenses también se solidarizaron y, un mes más tarde, encabezaron un violento reclamo laboral. El motivo inicial de las huelgas fue el salarial, pero la cuestión de fondo que hilvana a ambas experiencias es la puja social por el deterioro de las condiciones laborales y las imposiciones empresarias en el control y selección de la fuerza de trabajo.En principio la espontaneidad de la protesta tomó por sorpresa a las organizaciones sindicales de izquierda que durante la década del 20 habí­an mostraban varias fracturas, no obstante será la oportunidad que explica la reorganización y difusión del movimiento obrero con posterioridad. En otro sentido, los conflictos en Rosario y Villa Constitución reflejan la compleja trama de la polí­tica santafesina y su conexión con el ámbito laboral. Asimismo, creemos que los sucesos de 1928 tienen una repercusión mayor que la estrictamente local engarzándose en un ciclo de conflictividad que involucra a buena parte de la economí­a agroexportadora

M. Salinero-Fort, R. Jiménez-García, Laura del Otero-Sanz et al.

Objective The aims of this study are to compare self-reported health status between Spanish-born and Latin American-born Spanish residents, adjusted by length of residence in the host country; and additionally, to analyse sociodemographic and psychosocial variables associated with a better health status. Design This is a cross-sectional population based study of Latin American-born (n = 691) and Spanish-born (n = 903) in 15 urban primary health care centres in Madrid (Spain), carried out between 2007 and 2009. The participants provided information, through an interview, about self-reported health status, socioeconomic characteristics, psychosocial factors and migration conditions. Descriptive and multiple logistic regression analyses were conducted. Results The Spanish-born participants reported a better health status than the Latin America-born participants (79.8% versus 69.3%, p<0.001). Different patterns of self-reported health status were observed depending on the length of residence in the host country. The proportion of immigrants with a better health status is greater in those who have been in Spain for less than five years compared to those who have stayed longer. Better health status is significantly associated with being men, under 34 years old, being Spanish-born, having a monthly incomes of over 1000 euros, and having considerable social support and low stress. Conclusions Better self-reported health status is associated with being Spanish-born, men, under 34 years old, having an uppermiddle-socioeconomic status, adequate social support, and low stress. Additionally, length of residence in the host country is seen as a related factor in the self-reported health status of immigrants.

A. Treviño, R. Benito, E. Caballero et al.

I. Río, A. Castelló, C. Barona et al.

Marie-Agnès Palaisi-Robert

Since 1916 and Los de abajo, there has been a great number of novels, especially those written by women which have rewritten the Mexican Revolution’s history. La familia vino del norte by Silvia Molina belongs to this literary genealogy and proposes a very valuable reflection about History, its writing and historiography.

R. Caetano, P. Vaeth, S. Ramisetty-Mikler et al.

Marta Philp

Nancy E. Morris

“Para el camino” Canto a la angustia y a las alegrias. Canto porque es necesario can tar para ir dejando una huella en los dias, para ir diciendo cosas prohibidas.“For the Road” I sing of anguish and joy. I sing because it's necessary to sing to leave my mark on time, to say forbidden things.Latin American New Song is distinct from the usual stereotypes of Latin American popular music. Songs such as “Para el camino” do not fit into the common categories of salsa, ballads, Spanish-language versions of U.S. hit songs or popularized traditional styles such as the ranchera and cumbia. Although New Song is not as well known as the more typical styles, its greater social significance has achieved an impact in Latin America far beyond the musical realm.