Hasil untuk "Information resources (General)"

J. Wang, R. Zuo

Abstract Geochemical mapping is a crucial tool that can provide valuable insights for a wide range of applications, including mineral resources prospecting, environmental impact assessment, geological process understanding, and climate change research. Despite its significance, geochemical mapping requires spatial modeling based on sparse, heterogeneous, and potentially inaccurate data sets. Moreover, the underlying geological processes are often imperfectly understood. Therefore, uncertainty quantification (UQ) is vital in geochemical mapping to ensure accurate and reliable results, ultimately facilitating well‐informed decision‐making. In this contribution, we distinguish two primary types of uncertainties: systemic and stochastic. We identify the key sources of uncertainties in geochemical mapping and review the techniques that have been employed or hold potential for uncertainty quantification, communication, visualization, and sensitivity analysis. This contribution also illustrates the general procedure of UQ in geochemical mapping by a case study of mapping geochemical anomalies associated with gold mineralization in northwestern Sichuan Province, China. We also explore potential strategies for mitigating the critical uncertainties, such as gathering more geochemical data, developing more effective models, enhancing our understanding of the geochemical dispersion process, or leveraging other thematic information or knowledge. Future research should prioritize addressing underexplored uncertainties and implementing more practical applications to validate the UQ procedure in geochemical mapping.

Gregor Petrič, Marjan Cugmas, Rok Petrič et al.

Objective Informational social support is one of the main reasons for patients to visit online health communities (OHCs). Calls have been made to investigate the objective quality of such support in the light of a worrying number of inaccurate online health-related information. The main aim of this study is to conceptualize the Quality of Informational Social Support (QISS) and develop and test a measure of QISS for content analysis. A further aim is to investigate the level of QISS in cancer-related messages in the largest OHC in Slovenia and examine the differences among various types of discussion forums, namely, online consultation forums, online support group forums, and socializing forums. Methods A multidimensional measurement instrument was developed, which included 20 items in a coding scheme for a content analysis of cancer-related messages. On a set of almost three million posts published between 2015 and 2019, a machine-learning algorithm was used to detect cancer-related discussions in the OHC. We then identified the messages providing informational social support, and through quantitative content analysis, three experts coded a random sample of 403 cancer-related messages for the QISS. Results The results demonstrate a good level of interrater reliability and agreement for a QISS scale with six dimensions, each demonstrating good internal consistency. The results reveal large differences among the social support, socializing, and consultation forums, with the latter recording significantly higher quality in terms of accuracy (M = 4.48, P  < .001), trustworthiness (M = 4.65, P  < .001), relevance (M = 3.59, P  < .001), and justification (M = 3.81, P  = .05) in messages providing informational social support regarding cancer-related issues. Conclusions This study provides the research field with a valid tool to further investigate the factors and consequences of varying quality of information exchanged in supportive communication. From a practical perspective, OHCs should dedicate more resources and develop mechanisms for the professional moderation of health-related topics in socializing forums and thereby suppress the publication and dissemination of low-quality information among OHC users and visitors.

Katell Hernandez Morin, Franck Barbin

The OPTIMICE project, which stands for optimising machine translation of metadata and its integration into the editorial chain, aims at devising a method – transferrable to other journals and disciplinary fields – that combines neural machine translation (DeepL) and human post-editing to improve the quality of article metadata (abstracts, keywords, etc.) from French to English in the editorial process of journals. A team of translation researchers who are also translators worked on four journals edited by the Presses universitaires de Rennes (PUR), in collaboration with the editorial comittees and the MSHB (Maison des sciences de l’Homme en Bretagne). The translation of the paper metadata by their authors and by machine translation was comparatively assessed. A survey on translation practices among researchers in HSS was led, and recommendations for writing and translating metadata were formulated for the organized integration of the methodology within the editorial process.

Manh-Toan Ho, Manh-Tung Ho, Quan-Hoang Vuong

This paper seeks to introduce a strategy of science communication: Total SciComm or all-out science communication. We proposed that to maximize the outreach and impact, scientists should use different media to communicate different aspects of science, from core ideas to methods. The paper uses an example of a debate surrounding a now-retracted article in the <i>Nature</i> journal, in which open data, preprints, social media, and blogs are being used for a meaningful scientific conversation. The case embodied the central idea of Total SciComm: the scientific community employs every medium to communicate scientific ideas and engages all scientists in the process.

Guangjun Xu, Guangjun Xu, Guangjun Xu et al.

Recent years have witnessed the increase in applications of artificial intelligence (AI) into the detection of oceanic features. Oceanic eddies, ubiquitous in the global ocean, are important in the transport of materials and energy. A series of eddy detection schemes based on oceanic dynamics have been developed while the AI-based eddy identification scheme starts to be reported in literature. In the present study, to find out applicable AI-based schemes in eddy detection, three AI-based algorithms are employed in eddy detection, including the pyramid scene parsing network (PSPNet) algorithm, the DeepLabV3+ algorithm and the bilateral segmentation network (BiSeNet) algorithm. To justify the AI-based eddy detection schemes, the results are compared with one dynamic-based eddy detection method. It is found that more eddies are identified using the three AI-based methods. The three methods’ results are compared in terms of the numbers, sizes and lifetimes of detected eddies. In terms of eddy numbers, the PSPNet algorithm identifies the largest number of ocean eddies among the three AI-based methods. In terms of eddy sizes, the BiSeNet can find more large-scale eddies than the two other methods, because the Spatial Path is introduced into the algorithm to avoid destroying the eddy edge information. Regarding eddy lifetimes, the DeepLabV3+ cannot track longer lifetimes of ocean eddies.

Wang Xueyuan, He Meixin, Chen Mingxing

Based on house of quality concept, the relation between servitization strategy and strategic elements were confirmed through grey relational analysis method. Accordingly, the specific elements characteristics of manufacturing enterprise management core - talents & team and relationship, knowledge resources and flowing, information infrastructure and treatment methods, and organization structure and management were illustrated in three servitization stages - product servitization enlarging, servitization capability continuously improving and servitization integration and innovation. According to elements characteristics, the strategic targets for different servitization stages were brought forward, and four strategic elements specific managing methods were further offered for different servitization stages. The research can offer decision references for manufacturing enterprise to confirm element character and servitization stage, and give effective support to confirm management key points and methods of servitization in manufacturing enterprises at different stages.

Richard G. Brown, C. Marsden

Ana Cecilia González-Franco, Loreto Robles-Hernández

Los actinomicetos son un reservorio enorme de antibióticos y metabolitos bioactivos y muchos de ellos son excelentes agentes de biocontrol para proteger a las plantas contra fitopatógenos. Aunque miles de antibióticos y metabolitos bioactivos han sido descritos, se cree que estos representan solo una fracción de los compuestos bioactivos producidos por los actinomicetos. En esta revisión se abordan las características generales y propiedades de los actinomicetos como agentes de control biológico, sus mecanismos a través de los cuales realizan el biocontrol y el impacto de la composición química de la pared celular de los hongos fitopatógenos en el proceso de control. Abstract Actinomycetes are an enormous reservoir for antibiotics and bioactive metabolites, and many are excellent biocontrol agents for use in protecting plants against phytopathogens. Although thousands of antibiotics and bioactive metabolites have been described, these are thought to represent only a small fraction of the bioactive compounds produced by actinomycetes. In this review, we summarize the general characteristics and properties of actinomycetes as biocontrol agents, the mechanisms through which the biocontrol occurs, as well as the impact of the phytopathogenic fungal cell wall composition in the control process. Keywords: Streptomyces, competition, parasitism, antibiosis.

Bojana Lobe, David Morgan, Kim A. Hoffman

Qualitative researchers face unique opportunities and challenges as a result of the disruption of COVID-19. Although the pandemic represents a unique opportunity to study the crisis itself, social distancing mandates are restricting traditional face-to-face investigations of all kinds. In this article, we describe options and resources for researchers who find themselves needing to alter their study designs from face-to-face qualitative data collection to a “socially distant” method. Although technologies are constantly changing, we review the latest videoconferencing services available to researchers and provide guidance on what services might best suit a project’s needs. We describe options for various platforms and applications including information about enhanced security applications for researchers collecting sensitive patient health information. Concerns about these technologies including security of the platform and logistical needs such as computer equipment are also discussed. Special attention is given to ethical issues when transitioning research efforts to online venues.

Comitê Editorial AtoZ

Informações sobre a elaboração do v.9, n.1 de 2020.

Razeye Nazari, Mohammadreza Farhadpoor

The main purpose of research is to determine the relationship between organizational commitment and the tendency to share knowledge among the staff of public libraries in Khuzestan province.This research was applied and using descriptive-correlational method. The statistical population of this research was all staff of public libraries. Simple sampling method has been used to determine the sample size, of which 215 were selected as statistical sample. The data were gathered using questionnaires and analyzed using the software SPSS.21.The results of the study showed that organizational commitment (mean = 78.44) and its dimensions are higher than average. Also, knowledge sharing (104 = 28/28) and its dimensions are higher than average. Meanwhile, there is a significant relationship between organizational commitment and employees' tendency to share knowledge in public libraries of Khuzestan province (sig = 0/001 = 0 / r = 0/688). Regarding the moderating role of descriptive statistics on the relationship between organizational commitment and knowledge sharing, it was found that only education corrected the relationship between organizational commitment and knowledge sharing, and the rest of the variables did not modify this relationship. The consequence is that the more these conditions become, the greater the sense of belonging to the organization and individuals will tend to share their knowledge, experiences and skills with other members of the organization.

Luis H. Díaz-García, Felipe Rodríguez Almeida, Gwendolyne Peraza-Mercado et al.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of supplementation with organic and inorganic selenium on the productive and reproductive performance of ewes and their offspring. Selenium (Se) is an essential mineral for sheep, studies have found its intestinal absorption and biodisponibility in the animal is greater when it comes from an organic source. A total of 18 multiparous and 22 nulliparous ewes Pelibuey breed were used in this study, averaging 54.8 ± 9.4 kg and 39.7 ± 5.6 kg of body weight (BW). The experimental units were blocked by the number of parturitions (none or more than one). Then randomly assigned to one treatment: basal diet +1.2 ppm of organic Se (OSe, Sel- Plex®) or basal diet +1.2 ppm inorganic Se (ISe). Using the linear model PROC MIXED, BW changes were measured in ewes and average daily gain (ADG) in offspring. Fisher’s test, chi-squared test and t test were used for analyzing reproductive rates and production efficiency. No differences (P > 0.05) were found for BW changes, productive efficiency, and pregnancy rate between treatments. Prolificacy was higher (P < 0.05) for primiparous ewes in the OSe group vs the ISe group (66.7 vs 18.2%). No differences (P > 0.05) were found for birth weights of lambs. The ADG was higher (P < 0.05) for the offspring of ISe vs OSe ewes. This indicates that the OSe supplementation improves reproductive parameters, but not the productive such as ADG. Resumen El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar el efecto de la suplementación con selenio orgánico e inorgánico sobre el desempeño productivo y reproductivo en ovejas de pelo. El selenio (Se) es un mineral esencial en ovinos; estudios han encontrado que su absorción intestinal y biodisponibilidad dentro del animal es mayor cuando proviene de una fuente orgánica (EFSA, 2014). Dieciocho ovejas multíparas y 22 nulíparas de raza Pelibuey con 54.8 ± 9.4 kg y 39.7 ± 5.6 kg de peso vivo fueron utilizadas para formar bloques, considerando número de partos (0 o 1 en adelante); luego asignadas aleatoriamente a un tratamiento: dieta basal +1.2 ppm Se orgánico (OSe, Sel-Plex®) o dieta basal +1.2 ppm Se inorgánico (ISe). Fue usado un modelo lineal PROC MIXED para cambios de peso en ovejas y ganancia diaria de peso (GDP) en crías; y las pruebas de Fisher, chi-cuadrada y t para parámetros reproductivos y eficiencia de producción. No se encontraron diferencias (P > 0.05) para cambios de peso, eficiencia productiva, porcentaje de preñez entre tratamientos. La prolificidad fue mayor (P < 0.05) para nulíparas bajo OSe vs ISe (66.7 vs 18.2%). No se encontraron diferencias (P > 0.05) para pesos al nacimiento en corderos. La GDP fue mayor (P < 0.05) para corderos hijos de borregas bajo ISe vs OSe. Es concluyente que el OSe mejora parámetros reproductivos, pero no los productivos como las GDP.

Prastuti Soewondo, Meliyanni Johar, Retno Pujisubekti et al.

Background: Progress towards health-for-all must be supported by quality health facilities that are available to everyone. However, health care facilities in remote and underdeveloped areas, borderland, and outlying islands or Daerah Terpencil, Tertinggal, Perbatasan dan Kepulauan (DTPK) are facing some constraints to have access to health coverage. Aim: This study aimed to provide a comprehensive picture of the readiness of primary healthcare centers or puskesmas as the main provider of primary health services located in remote areas. Methods: Observations were taken from 18 primary healthcare centers in locations that had been identified by the government as remote and underdeveloped areas, borderland, and outlying islands in 3 provinces: Bengkulu, Nusa Tenggara Timur (East Nusa Tenggara), and South Sulawesi. Results: The findings reveal that many facilities in primary healthcare centers are still insufficient. In particular, roads to primary healthcare centers are in poor physical conditions, operational hours are too short, and doctors and lab technicians are unavailable. The good news is that primary healthcare centers have managed to run many indoor and outdoor activities, such as health education classes and detection of priority diseases in the community. Regarding primary healthcare centers’ finances, they largely depend on public funding to support their increasing expenses to provide health services, pay worker salaries, and run indoor and outdoor activities. Conclusions: Overall, some constraints faced by the primary healthcare centers in DTPK include difficult access to facilities and temporary health personnel. All of this information provides valuable inputs to policymakers in building a health infrastructure and human resources for health in DTPK.   Keywords: Remote area, Human resources for health, Primary healthcare center.

David T. Stephen, Dongsheng Wang, A. Prakash et al.

We consider ground states of quantum spin chains with symmetry-protected topological (SPT) order as resources for measurement-based quantum computation (MBQC). We show that, for a wide range of SPT phases, the computational power of ground states is uniform throughout each phase. This computational power, defined as the Lie group of executable gates in MBQC, is determined by the same algebraic information that labels the SPT phase itself. We prove that these Lie groups always contain a full set of single-qubit gates, thereby affirming the long-standing conjecture that general SPT phases can serve as computationally useful phases of matter.

A. Kaufmann, Franz Tödtling

Marjolijn H. Verspoor, W. Lowie, M. Dijk

Pilar Campins

The European University Association (EUA) highlighted in its document Ambitious funding for excellent research in Europe post-2020 that «education, research and innovation are central to the development and growth of any society». And they added: «Universities remain critical to safeguarding a democratic, tolerant and progressive society.» Undoubtedly, reaching a knowledge-based society is a challenge with many responsible agents. Among them, universities play a fundamental role. It looks like Spain has finally beaten Unamuno’s paradox: «Let them invent»; according to current data, we occupy the ninth or tenth position in the world in scientific production. But we still need to increase the impact of our science in the international field and, essentially, to make it serve society as indicated by the EUA. Pilar Campins. Vice-principal for Research and Science Policy of the University of Valencia (Spain).

Akiko Kamimura, Jeanie Ashby, Ha Trinh et al.

Free clinics provide free or reduced fee healthcare to individuals who lack access to primary care and are socio-economically disadvantaged. There has been a paucity of free clinic research with the few studies employing a quantitative design. The purpose of this study is to conduct an in-depth qualitative exploration of free clinic patients’ experience and perceptions of healthcare services, community resources, and the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA). Free clinic adult patients (n=35) participated in four focus groups between June and July 2014 (one Spanish group in June, and two English groups and one Spanish group in July) in a classroom of a free clinic. More than 80% of the participants were non-US born from Mexico, Central/South America, South or East Asia, Pacific Islands, or Western Europe. While participants reported being satisfied overall with free clinic services, they indicated that they desire more specialty services and health education programs. Furthermore, they reported being frustrated by long waiting times- both in the waiting room and when making an appointment, phone communication, and interpreter services. It is necessary to find effective ways to provide information about health education opportunities and the ACA to free clinic patients because participants appeared not to have received sufficient information about available resources. Health education programs for free clinic patients should not only focus on increasing knowledge but also changing behaviors.

Meg Henderson

Working relationships between academic libraries and external organizations, such as academic departments, businesses, local institutions, and government agencies, are growing in popularity and becoming more necessary in a climate where libraries are seeing decreasing budgets and perception of relevance to the university community. These partnerships, if carried out well, create mutually beneficial situations where both organizations can have a greater impact by pooling their resources and expertise with others’ resources and expertise. The keys to a successful partnership include defining the partnership, establishing criteria, and evaluating the partnership. While there is sufficient literature on partnerships in general, there is little published research on partnerships between academic libraries and external organizations. This paper offers examples and suggestions, some from academic libraries themselves and others from alternative organizations, for libraries wanting to create and sustain productive partnerships.

Dustin R. Martin, B. Pracheil, Jason A. DeBoer et al.