Hasil untuk "Industrial psychology"

Stavros N Politis, P. Colombo, G. Colombo et al.

G. Wang, Tristan Konolige, Christo Wilson et al.

Northeastern University's approach to undergraduate education in biomedical engineering is oriented toward complementing our students' strong back ground in both theory and practice in the traditional disciplines of electrical and computer (ECE), mechanical and industrial, and chemical engineering. Our undergraduate program operates around four key elements. Exposure to life science courses such as biology, psychology, and chemistry provides an appropriate foundation for real-world application of biomedical engineering.

C. Burke, Kevin C. Stagl, E. Salas et al.

L. A. Pervin

Herman Aguinis

John Millar Carroll

T. Britt, W. Shen, R. Sinclair et al.

P. Boxall, J. Purcell, P. Wright

S. Barley, Beth A. Bechky, Frances J. Milliken

Ryan D. Duffy, Bryan J. Dik, Richard P Douglass et al.

Perceiving work as a calling has been positioned as a key pathway to enhancing work-related well-being. However, no formal theory exists attempting to explain predictors and outcomes of living a calling at work. To address this important gap, this article introduces a theoretical, empirically testable model of work as a calling - the Work as Calling Theory (WCT) - that is suitable for the contemporary world of work. Drawing from research and theory in counseling, vocational, multicultural, and industrial-organizational psychology, as well as dozens of quantitative and qualitative studies on calling, the WCT is presented in three parts: (a) predictors of living a calling, (b) variables that moderate and mediate the relation of perceiving a calling to living a calling, and (c) positive (job satisfaction, job performance) and potentially negative (burnout, workaholism, exploitation) outcomes that result from living a calling. Finally, practical implications are suggested for counselors and managers, who respectively may seek to help clients and employees live a calling. (PsycINFO Database Record

S. Lilienfeld

Rose LeFevre-Levy, Arturia Melson-Silimon, R. Harmata et al.

Abstract Estimates suggest as much as 17% of the US workforce may be neuroatypical, a term used to describe individuals whose neurological functioning is at the tail ends of the distribution of naturally occurring variation. Although the neuroatypical population has a history of under- and unemployment, their inclusion in the modern workplace (i.e., promotion of neurodiversity within organizations) is gaining recognition by scholars and organizations as an important dimension of organizational diversity. Despite this burgeoning interest in examining neuroatypicality in the context of organizational diversity, surprisingly little research has been conducted that bridges these two research areas. The literature that does exist is scattered across several different academic disciplines, largely outside of industrial-organizational psychology, and rarely examines the employment of neuroatypical workers explicitly from a diversity perspective. In this article we argue that as the nature of work evolves and jobs continue to become more specialized, neurodiversity will become an increasingly relevant dimension of organizational diversity and is likely to play a key role both in terms of individual employees’ well-being and performance outcomes, as well as organizational success.

A. Sayal, Janhvi Jha, C. N. et al.

Recent years have seen an increase in the popularity of neural network (NN) research. The mammalian brain, which consists of billions of interconnected neurons, is renowned for its ability to perform computationally hard tasks, such as face recognition, body motion planning, and muscle activity control. In an effort to emulate the effectiveness of biological neural networks in learning, artificial neural networks (ANNs) were developed. The NN technique has been the topic of many studies over the last few decades, with applications in many fields including control engineering, automation, aerospace, psychology, economics, healthcare, and energy science. The objective of the discipline of machine learning is to create computers that can independently learn and improve. In this chapter, we have attempted to depict the types of neural networks and machine learning as well as their applications in different industrial disciplines such as science, commerce, and medicine.

Grant R. Tomkinson, Justin J. Lang, Lukáš Rubín et al.

Background: Muscular strength is a powerful marker of current health status and robust predictor of age-related disease and disability. Handgrip strength (HGS) using isometric dynamometry is a convenient, feasible, and widely used method of assessing muscular strength among people of all ages. While adult HGS norms have been published for many countries, no study has yet synthesized available data to produce international norms. The objective of this study was to generate international sex- and age-specific norms for absolute and body size-normalized HGS across the adult lifespan. Methods: Systematic searches were conducted in 6 databases/web search engines (MEDLINE, SPORTDiscus, Embase, Web of Science, CINAHL, and Google Scholar) up to December 1, 2023. We included full-text peer-reviewed observational studies that reported normative HGS data for adults aged ≥20 years by sex and age. Pseudo data were generated using Monte Carlo simulation following harmonization for methodological variation. Population-weighted Generalized Additive Models for Location, Scale, and Shape were used to develop sex- and age-specific norms for absolute HGS (kg) and HGS normalized by height (Ht, m) squared (i.e., HGS/Ht2 in kg/m2). Norms were tabulated as percentile values (5th to 95th) and visualized as smoothed percentile curves. Results: We included data from 100 unique observational studies representing 2,405,863 adults (51.9% female) aged 20 to 100+ years from 69 countries and regions tested from the year 2000 onward. On average, absolute and normalized HGS values negligibly improved throughout early adulthood, peaked from age 30–39 years (at 49.7 kg (males) and 29.7 kg (females) for absolute HGS or 16.3 kg/m2 (males) and 11.3 kg/m2 (females) for HGS/Ht2), and declined afterwards. The age-related decline in HGS accelerated from middle to late adulthood and was slightly larger for males than for females during middle adulthood. Conclusion: This study provides the world's largest and most geographically comprehensive international norms for adult HGS by sex and age. These norms have utility for global peer-comparisons, health screening, and surveillance.

Luyao Fan, Mohamad Rizal Baharum

Objectives: The study aims to conduct a systematic literature review and meta-analysis to assess the effects of digital nature and actual nature on stress reduction. Methods: In August 2023, Web of Science, Scopus, ProQuest, PubMed, and EBSCOhost databases were used, and ten articles were in the analysis, with a total sample size of 886 participants. Studies within- or between-subjects design conducted in either a randomized controlled trial or a quasi-experimental design were included. No restriction was put on the year of publication or geographical region. Conference papers and dissertations were also included whereas, book chapters were excluded. Participants included those who were exposed to at least one form of digital nature exposure, such as static images, videos, 360° pictures, and 360° videos. The risk of bias determined through Review Manager 5.4 was used to assess the quality of the studies. STATA software package version 16 was used for visual analysis of funnel plots. For the assessment of potential publication bias, Egger's test was implemented. Results: Digital natural environments had the same level of stress recovery compared to actual environmental exposures with the same intervention content (SMD = −0.01; 95% CI: −0.15, 0.12). Subgroup analyses and meta-regression indicated that subjective or physiological stress measures, level of immersion, and data extraction method were not associated with pooled effect stress recovery. All subgroups showed comparable stress levels in both conditions. In addition, all included studies had different levels of risk of bias (low, moderate, and high). Conclusions: The present study concludes that previous research has generally shown that stress levels are reduced in both digital and actual natural environments. The results of the meta-analysis support this conclusion with no significant differences between the two modes of stress recovery through nature viewing.

Annelize van Niekerk, Rudolph M. Oosthuizen, Melinde Coetzee

Orientation: Completing an internship is a requirement for master’s students in Industrial and Organisational Psychology (IOP) to obtain professional registration with the Health Professions Council of South Africa. Students seem to experience a diverse range of factors enabling and thwarting them in their quest to complete their internship and gain the prerequisite practical knowledge and skills. Research purpose: This study explored IOP interns’ perceived experiences of the enabling factors and challenges encountered during the internship programme completion. Motivation for the study: A better understanding of the lived experiences of IOP interns will assist organisations and supervising psychologists to create a supporting environment to optimise interns’ development. Research approach/design and method: A qualitative research approach was adopted and an open-ended question survey was conducted among (N = 17) IOP interns in South Africa. The data were analysed using thematic analysis. Main findings: A lack of financial resources; programme approval, content and time; the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19); and balancing work, dissertation completion and personal life impact IOP interns negatively. Solid support networks and the power within the self are enabling factors. Practical/managerial implications: The findings of this study provide a better understanding of the factors impacting the successful completion of an internship programme and help role-players to gain insight into how this strenuous journey can be improved to create a thriving internship environment supportive of optimal learning and growth for interns. Contribution/value-add: This research highlights the need to revise the internship programme process cycle, including its content, timeframes and reformulating the role of role-players and interns.

Li X, Fu Y, Weng W et al.

Xiaoyun Li,1,&ast; Yuke Fu,2,&ast; Wanjuan Weng,1 Mowei Liu,2 Yan Li1 1Shanghai Institute of Early Childhood Education, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Psychology, Trent University, Peterborough, Ontario, Canada&ast;These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Mowei Liu, Department of Psychology, Trent University, Peterborough, Ontario, K9L 0G2, Canada, Email moweiliu@trentu.ca Yan Li, Shanghai Institute of Early Childhood Education, Shanghai Normal University, No. 100 Guilin Road, Shanghai, 200234, People’s Republic of China, Email liyan@shnu.edu.cnPurpose: Given that mother plays the main nurturing role in a family unit and their unique influence on children’s development, the current study aimed to examine the influence of maternal phubbing on children’s problematic media use and the independent and interactive moderating role of children’s negative affectivity and effortful control.Methods: Participants were 1986 children aged 3 to 6 years in Shanghai, China. Their mothers were asked to complete a series of questionnaires including parental phubbing scale, problematic media use measure, and child behavior questionnaire. To investigate the moderating influence of children’s negative affectivity and effortful control, hierarchical linear regression analyses were conducted using SPSS 24.0. Simple slopes analyses and the Johnson–Neyman technique were further used to depict moderation effects.Results: Maternal phubbing was associated with higher levels of problematic media use in preschool children (β =  0.18, p < .001, [0.14, 0.22]). Children’s negative affectivity acts as a risk factor, exacerbating the adverse effects of maternal phubbing on children’s problematic media use (β = 0.05, t = 2.69, p < 0.05), whereas children’s effortful control acts as a protective factor, buffering the link between maternal phubbing and children’s problematic media use (β = − 0.10, t = − 5.00, p < 0.001).Conclusion: These results suggest that interventions seeking to promote appropriate digital development in preschoolers should take the child’s temperament into account and be complemented by active parental mediation and involvement.Keywords: maternal phubbing, problematic media use, negative affectivity, effortful control, preschoolers

Li Q, Gao M, Deng Y et al.

Qingqing Li,1– 3 Ming Gao,4 Yanfang Deng,4 Zongkui Zhou,1– 3 Jing Wang1– 3 1Key Laboratory of Adolescent Cyberpsychology and Behavior (CCNU), Ministry of Education, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China; 2Key Laboratory of Human Development and Mental Health of Hubei Province, School of Psychology, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China; 3School of Psychology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China; 4Beijing Dentons (Yichang) Law Office, Yichang, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Jing Wang, School of Psychology, Central China Normal University, LuoYu Road 152, Hongshan Region, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China, Email jingwang888@ccnu.edu.cnIntroduction: Identifying risk and protective factors of aggressive behavior during adolescence is beneficial for the intervention and prevention treatments. Although studies show that attachment quality is closely related to aggression, the underlying psychological mechanisms remain unclear. This study aimed to investigate the links of parental attachment with proactive and reactive aggression and to examine the mediating role of perspective taking and self-control among Chinese adolescents.Methods: A cluster sampling method was used to recruit participants from several high schools located in the central regions of China. A total of 2982 participants (Mage = 17.28, SD = 0.83, range 15~20 years; 1602 girls, 1380 boys) were included in the final analysis.Results: Correlation analysis showed that participants possessing higher attachment security with parents were more likely to report lower levels of proactive and reactive aggression. And, self-control and perspective taking were positively associated with parental attachment, and negatively associated with both types of aggression. Moreover, structural equation models indicated that parental attachment directly, and indirectly predicted proactive and reactive aggression through self-control and perspective taking.Discussion: Overall, this study contributes to a more comprehensive understanding of the explanatory mechanisms that link adolescent-parent attachment and aggression, and suggest that high quality of adolescent-parent interactions may promote adolescents’ self-control and perspectives taking, which further reduces their aggression propensity.Keywords: attachment, aggression, self-control, perspective taking, adolescence

Dean M. Orloff, Danielle Benesch, Heather A. Hansen

Misophonia is a disorder of decreased tolerance to certain “trigger” sounds (e.g., chewing, tapping, clicking). While misophonia research is scant in general, studies presenting sounds are especially rare and methodologically variable, likely due to the labor and time required to create stimuli. Thus, we introduce FOAMS: Free Open-Access Misophonia Stimuli, a sound bank publicly available on Zenodo, accompanied by pilot discomfort ratings for 32 of these sounds (4 exemplars of 8 classes). The FOAMS database aims to decrease the burden on researchers, facilitating reproducibility and the pursuit of nuanced research questions to better understand this perplexing disorder.

Orjana de Oliveira Pacheco, Isaías Peixoto, Monalisa Muniz

This article was focused on the context of organizational psychology and aimed at verifying the correlation between emotional intelligence (IE) and the aspects of workplace leadership, through a systematic literature review (from 1990 to May 2020). The research was conducted from February to July 2020, based on the following databases: BVS Brasil Phycology, PEPSIC, SCIELO, LILACS and American Psychological association (APA PsycINFO). Searches were applied with the combination of the descriptors of “emotional intelligence”, “leadership”, and “work” and their respectives in Portuguese. From all the articles, 75 were considered, being 22 theoretical and 53 empirical. The found results indicate mostly positive relation between IE and leadership aspects and performance. Throughout the texts, the main countries and continents and the periods in which the research occurred, the IE patterns, and the tests which were applied were highlighted.