Hasil untuk "Environmental effects of industries and plants"

D. Pui, Sheng-Chieh Chen, Z. Zuo

J. O’Connor, Thi Bang Tuyen Nguyen, Tom Honeyands et al.

Tiago Alves Jorge De Souza, Lilian Rodrigues Rosa Souza, L. Franchi

Nowadays, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are the most widely used nanoparticles (NPs) in the industry due to their peculiar biocidal features. However, the use of these NPs still runs into limitations mainly because of the low efficiency of environmental friendly synthesis methods and lack of size standardization. When NPs are release in the environment, they can be transformed by oxidation, adsorption or aggregation. These modification shows a dual role in toxic response of AgNPs. The adsorption of natural organic matter from environment on AgNPs, for example, can decrease their toxicity. Otherwise oxidation occurred in the environment is also able to increase the release of toxic Ag+ from NPs. Thus, the current review proposes an integrated approach of AgNP synthetic methods using bacteria, fungi, and plants, AgNP cytotoxic and genotoxic effects as well as their potential therapeutic applications are also presented.

Shengqian Sun, Zhengyang Liu, Mingxia Lin et al.

Polyphenols, as subordinate metabolites of plants, have demonstrated significant antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant action in scientific learn. These compounds exert their effects through various mechanisms, containing interference with microbial cell structures, rule of host immune responses, and neutralization of free radicals. This multifaceted activity positions polyphenols as promising candidates for maintaining human health and treating related diseases. Notably, in the context of escalating antibiotic resistance, the antibacterial properties of polyphenols offer innovative avenues for the development of new therapeutic agents. Additionally, their anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects hold substantial potential for treating inflammatory diseases and mitigating the aging process. This review aims to summarize the latest findings on the biological activities of polyphenols, highlighting their mechanisms of action and potential applications in health and disease management. Furthermore, optimizing polyphenol extraction methods aligns with the goals of sustainable and green processing, reducing environmental impact while enhancing food safety and extending shelf life. Employing advanced analytical techniques, such as spectroscopy and chromatography, can ensure the accurate evaluation of polyphenol content and efficacy. These efforts collectively contribute to the ongoing improvement of food processing practices and product quality, promoting a healthier and more sustainable future in the food industry.

Mark R. Williams, Chad J. Penn, Haw Yen

Nicolas Rogy, Agata Sferratore, Nicolas Géhéniau et al.

Agricultural areas are faced with the dual challenge of reducing their environmental impacts while adapting to climate change. Adaptations rely on strategies such as irrigation or cultivated crop diversification, whose environmental performance over time is affected by climate change. Such environmental performance can be studied by combining Territorial Life Cycle Assessment (T-LCA) with crop modeling. However, the identification of optimal planning scenarios within the multiplicity of adaptation possibilities that could be assessed hinder the use of classical scenario analyses that could be costly in computing time and not rigorous enough to cover every scenario. Therefore, a methodology coupling experimental design with T-LCA and crop modeling is conceived to investigate the environmental performance of various agricultural planning scenarios in a climate change context. The usefulness of this methodology is proven through a theoretical case study of an agricultural territory using different crop combinations, with or without irrigation, within the context of the worst-case IPCC scenario of climate change (SSP5-8.5). Environmental performance is quantified with eco-efficiency. Eco-efficiency means values and variabilities are calculated over the next 30 years to identify scenarios maintaining highest performance over time. The proposed innovative coupling enables a full investigation of the environmental performance of agricultural land management scenarios integrating different modalities. This study demonstrates that under low interannual variability of fertilisation practices, irrigation and crop diversity contribute to the stabilisation of environmental performance related to the impacts on climate change. Further developments are required for a more robust modelling of agro-ecosystem functioning for application to real-world cases.

Natalia Muravieva, Yuliya Kulikova and Olga Babich

This paper presents a screening of primary char samples produced through the hydrothermal liquefaction of biomass. Currently, numerous studies demonstrate the potential of hydrothermal conversion char residues as sorbents. The relevance of this work lies in utilizing materials that are rarely used in other areas of production, such as aquatic vegetation, organic waste, algae, bark and wood waste, food waste, and waste from the agro-industrial complex. This study aims to evaluate the sorption capacity (for iodine, phenol, and methylene blue) of char sorbents obtained from various raw materials via hydrothermal liquefaction and to identify the most suitable raw materials. To assess the charcoals, their elemental composition and sorption capacities for methylene blue, iodine, and phenol were analyzed. The average yield of charcoal was 35%. The results indicate that the obtained chars demonstrated the highest sorption capacity for methylene blue (up to 239 mg.g-1), while phenol sorption was the lowest (not exceeding 19 mg.g-1). These findings suggest that the produced chars are promising raw materials for the production of sorbents.

Zengwei Yuan, Mingjin Cheng, Eman Alaaeldin Abdelfattah et al.

The escalating anthropogenic biomass production leads to an unprecedented rise in biowaste generation, exceeding the decomposition capacity of natural microbial communities. This disturbance of global nutrient cycling substantially threatens the habitability and thriving of Earth's life system. To address this challenge, the newly launched 5B Initiative (Biowaste, Bioconversion, Bioproduct, Biosafety, and Bioeconomy) provides a global collaborative framework that drives a paradigm shift from waste to wealth by four synergistic objectives: characterizing biowaste generation, advancing bioconversion technology, enhancing biosafety, and facilitating the bioeconomy. Integrating above objectives, the 5B initiative plan to propose a BioCyclos model framework, that traces and optimizes biomass bioconversion processes in bioresource-biowaste-bioproduct chain to promote bioeconomy and ensure biosafety. This integrated platform positions biowaste-to-bioproduct conversion alongside nature-based solutions and thereby promotes the transition toward a circular, decarbonized, and sustainable bioeconomy while restoring and maintaining balance in Earth's nutrient cycles.

E. I. Strekalovskaya, A. Perfileva, K. Krutovsky

The use of man-made nanoparticles (NPs) has increased exponentially in recent years, many of which accumulate in significant quantities in soil, including through use in agriculture as nanofertilizers and nanopesticides. ZnO NPs are more environmentally friendly but have specific antimicrobial activity, which can affect soil microbiota, thereby influencing key microbial processes such as mineralization, nitrogen fixation and plant growth-promoting activities. Their behavior and persistence in soil depend on their chemical nature and soil characteristics. This review summarizes the applications of ZnO NPs in soil systems and their effects on various plants and soil microorganisms, particularly rhizobacteria that promote plant growth. A stimulating effect of ZnO NPs on the morphometric and biochemical characteristics of plants, as well as on soil microbiota and its activity at relatively low concentrations of up to 500 mg/mL and 250 mg/kg, respectively, is observed. As the concentration of ZnO NPs increases above these limits, toxic effects appear. The different effects of ZnO NPs are related to their size, dose, duration of exposure, solubility in water, as well as soil type, acidity and organic matter content. The review substantiates the need to study the behavior of ZnO NPs in the “soil-plant-microbiota” system for the possibility of using nanotechnologies in the agricultural industry and ensuring the safety of agricultural products.

S. Biswas, Jemin Ahn, I. Kim

Phytogenic feed additives (PFAs) often referred to as phytobiotics or botanical feed additives, are natural compounds derived from various plants, herbs, spices and other botanical sources. These feed additives are intended to serve a variety of purposes, including an immune system regulator, an antimicrobial, an antimutagenic, an antioxidant and a growth promoter. They are composed of bioactive compounds extracted from plants, including essential oils, polyphenols, terpenoids and flavonoids. They are mostly utilized as substitute antibiotic growth promoters in nonruminant (swine and poultry) livestock production, owing to the prohibition of antibiotic usage in the feed industry. It has been thoroughly examined to ascertain their impact on intestinal health and activity, correlation with animals' effective health and well-being, productivity, food security and environmental impact. The potential uses of these feed additives depend on the properties of herbs, the comprehension of their principal and secondary components, knowledge of their mechanisms of action, the safety of animals and the products they produce. They are gaining recognition as effective and sustainable tools for promoting animal health and performance while reducing the reliance on antibiotics in nonruminant nutrition. Their natural origins, multifaceted benefits and alignment with consumer preferences make them a valuable addition to modern animal farming process. However, because of their inconsistent effects and inadequate knowledge of the mechanisms of action, their usage as a feed additive has been limited. This review offers a comprehensive assessment of the applications of PFAs as an effective feed supplement in swine and poultry nutrition. In summary, this comprehensive review provides current knowledge, identifies gaps in research and emphasizes the potential of phytogenic additives to foster sustainable and healthier livestock production systems while addressing the global concerns associated with antibiotic use in livestock farming.

Tesfaye Worku

Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) is primarily cultivated across the globe for its natural fiber, which is a vital raw material in the textile industry. One of the most critical early stages in the cotton growth cycle is seed germination, which significantly influences crop establishment, seedling vigor, and final yield. Among the various environmental factors affecting this process, temperature plays a fundamental role. It regulates essential physiological and biochemical mechanisms such as water absorption, hormonal activity, and enzyme function. This paper reviews and synthesizes findings from multiple international studies examining the effects of temperature on cotton seed germination. It highlights the optimum temperature ranges, the plant’s physiological responses to thermal stress, and the implications of fluctuating temperatures under climate change scenarios. Research indicates that cotton seeds generally germinate best within a temperature range of 25°C to 35°C. Germination is notably hindered at temperatures below 15°C and above 40°C. At lower temperatures, enzymatic activities responsible for energy production and starch breakdown are suppressed, slowing down the germination rate. Conversely, exposure to higher temperatures can lead to oxidative damage, protein denaturation, and cellular injury, ultimately compromising seed viability. Understanding these temperature thresholds is essential for improving sowing strategies, especially in regions experiencing increasing climate variability.

Farrel Edrea Muhammad and Tati Suryati Syamsudin

Rivers are highly dynamic systems. Rapid population growth and the development of industrial areas around rivers significantly influence water quality. This research aims to analyze the heavy metal content in both water and catfish in the lower reaches of the Citarum River. Five locations were purposively selected: Station 1 (26.87 m asl), Station 2 (18.35 m asl), Station 3 (22.5 m asl), Station 4 (22.5 m asl), and Station 5 (22.5 m asl). At each site, physical and chemical water parameters (temperature, pH, depth, brightness, current speed, and DO), as well as concentrations of heavy metals (Hg, Pb, and Cd), were measured. Catfish were collected using stocking nets and fishing rods from the five stations, with assistance from local fishermen. Sampling was conducted over 14 consecutive days, from June 20 to July 4, 2022. The bioaccumulation of metals in both water and catfish was analyzed and calculated using the bioaccumulation factor (BAF) formula. The results showed that the accumulation of Hg in catfish was higher than that of Pb and Cd. Spatially, Pb accumulation was highest at Station 5 (4 times that of the water concentration) and lowest at Station 2 (2 times that of the water). Cd accumulation was highest at Station 5 (5 times that of the water) and lowest at Station 2 (3 times that of the water). Hg accumulation was highest at Station 1 (6 times that of the water) and lowest at Station 4 (2 times that of the water).

Budy Rahmat, Iqbal Akmalludin and Tedi Hartoyo

This study implemented a circular economy model in processing coconuts into white copra as the main product to achieve a zero-waste production system. Simultaneously, other fruit components, such as shells, fibers, and coconut water, are also processed into products that play a role in supporting the main product directly or indirectly. The processed products obtained were liquid smoke, charcoal briquettes, and tar. The processing of white copra was carried out in the following stages: (i) coconut meat was processed into white copra, while the shell was pyrolyzed into liquid smoke, charcoal, and tar; (ii) liquid smoke was used as a preservative for copra, (iii) charcoal was formed into charcoal briquettes which were used for pyrolysis heating, and (iv) the tar produced was used as a wood preservative. The entire series of research was conducted as a laboratory experiment. The treatment of coconut meat dipping for copra in the concentration of liquid smoke solution was arranged in a randomized block design (RCBD). The data were analyzed by ANOVA and continued with Duncan’s multiple comparisons. Meanwhile, the determination of the components of the results of peeling coconuts and the results of pyrolysis of coconut shells and fibers, as well as the characterization of liquid smoke and charcoal briquettes formed, were carried out by observational experiments. The results of this study indicate that the weight of 100 coconuts of the tall variety sample was 175.1 kg, or an average weight of 1,751 g per coconut. After peeling all the coconuts, the components of meat, shell, fiber, and fruit water were obtained, each weighing 48.9 kg, 23.2 kg, 70.6 kg, and 32.4 kg. Furthermore, 23.2 kg of shells were pyrolyzed and produced liquid smoke, charcoal, and tar of 9,126.70 g, 7,155.52 g, and 574.64 g, respectively, which was the average of three pyrolysis repetitions. Coconut shell charcoal briquettes were formed by mixing charcoal flour with tapioca and water in a ratio of 80:5:10, which formed a homogeneous mixture. The mixture was molded by a hydraulic press with a pressure of 2,000 g.cm-2. Furthermore, the test results of water content, volatile matter, ash, fixed carbon, specific gravity, compressive strength, and calorific value were 7.79%, 13.75%, 2.76%, 68.66%, 0.92 g.cm-3, and 64.22 kg.cm-2, 6,521 caL.g-1, respectively. All the results of the charcoal briquette test parameters met Indonesian and Japanese Standards. In the processing of coconut meat, 25.67 kg of white copra was obtained, which was treated with 12.5% liquid smoke with a quality equivalent to the results of sulfur fumigation, namely, free from fungal infection and the highest oil yield and copra brightness. The results of this study provide new findings that, from one coconut of the tall variety, 489 g of coconut meat and 232 g of shell were produced. From the shell, 91.13 g of liquid smoke and 82.15 g of charcoal briquettes were produced, and 26.67 g of white copra was produced as the main product. This study provided new findings on the circular economy model and the principle of zero waste in white copra production, with the fact that each tall coconut variety produced 489 g of coconut meat and 232 g of shell. From the shell, 91.13 g of liquid smoke and 82.15 g of charcoal briquettes were produced, and 26.67 g of white copra was produced as the main product. This evidence provided new enthusiasm in the business of producing white copra that is financially profitable and sustainable. This study opens up many further studies and studies on the circular economy and zero waste, especially in the processing of coconut products, for example, in the coconut oil, desiccated coconut, brown sugar, and virgin coconut oil industries etc. In addition, it does not rule out the possibility of research accompanied by financial studies.

Clément Morand, Anne-Laure Ligozat, Aurélie Névéol

Recent Machine Learning (ML) approaches have shown increased performance on benchmarks but at the cost of escalating computational demands. Hardware, algorithmic and carbon optimizations have been proposed to curb energy consumption and environmental impacts. Can these strategies lead to sustainable ML model training? Here, we estimate the environmental impacts associated with training notable AI systems over the last decade, including Large Language Models, with a focus on the life cycle of graphics cards. Our analysis reveals two critical trends: First, the impacts of graphics cards production have increased steadily over this period; Second, energy consumption and environmental impacts associated with training ML models have increased exponentially, even when considering reduction strategies such as location shifting to places with less carbon intensive electricity mixes. Optimization strategies do not mitigate the impacts induced by model training, evidencing rebound effect. We show that the impacts of hardware must be considered over the entire life cycle rather than the sole use phase in order to avoid impact shifting. Our study demonstrates that increasing efficiency alone cannot ensure sustainability in ML. Mitigating the environmental impact of AI also requires reducing AI activities and questioning the scale and frequency of resource-intensive training.

Bosubabu Sambana, Hillary Sunday Nnadi, Mohd Anas Wajid et al.

Plant diseases pose significant challenges to farmers and the agricultural sector at large. However, early detection of plant diseases is crucial to mitigating their effects and preventing widespread damage, as outbreaks can severely impact the productivity and quality of crops. With advancements in technology, there are increasing opportunities for automating the monitoring and detection of disease outbreaks in plants. This study proposed a system designed to identify and monitor plant diseases using a transfer learning approach. Specifically, the study utilizes YOLOv7 and YOLOv8, two state-ofthe-art models in the field of object detection. By fine-tuning these models on a dataset of plant leaf images, the system is able to accurately detect the presence of Bacteria, Fungi and Viral diseases such as Powdery Mildew, Angular Leaf Spot, Early blight and Tomato mosaic virus. The model's performance was evaluated using several metrics, including mean Average Precision (mAP), F1-score, Precision, and Recall, yielding values of 91.05, 89.40, 91.22, and 87.66, respectively. The result demonstrates the superior effectiveness and efficiency of YOLOv8 compared to other object detection methods, highlighting its potential for use in modern agricultural practices. The approach provides a scalable, automated solution for early any plant disease detection, contributing to enhanced crop yield, reduced reliance on manual monitoring, and supporting sustainable agricultural practices.

Zane K J Hartley, Lewis A G Stuart, Andrew P French et al.

Recent years have seen substantial improvements in the ability to generate synthetic 3D objects using AI. However, generating complex 3D objects, such as plants, remains a considerable challenge. Current generative 3D models struggle with plant generation compared to general objects, limiting their usability in plant analysis tools, which require fine detail and accurate geometry. We introduce PlantDreamer, a novel approach to 3D synthetic plant generation, which can achieve greater levels of realism for complex plant geometry and textures than available text-to-3D models. To achieve this, our new generation pipeline leverages a depth ControlNet, fine-tuned Low-Rank Adaptation and an adaptable Gaussian culling algorithm, which directly improve textural realism and geometric integrity of generated 3D plant models. Additionally, PlantDreamer enables both purely synthetic plant generation, by leveraging L-System-generated meshes, and the enhancement of real-world plant point clouds by converting them into 3D Gaussian Splats. We evaluate our approach by comparing its outputs with state-of-the-art text-to-3D models, demonstrating that PlantDreamer outperforms existing methods in producing high-fidelity synthetic plants. Our results indicate that our approach not only advances synthetic plant generation, but also facilitates the upgrading of legacy point cloud datasets, making it a valuable tool for 3D phenotyping applications.

Ruchi Bhatt, Shreya Bansal, Amanpreet Chander et al.

Understanding plant growth dynamics is essential for applications in agriculture and plant phenotyping. We present the Growth Modelling (GroMo) challenge, which is designed for two primary tasks: (1) plant age prediction and (2) leaf count estimation, both essential for crop monitoring and precision agriculture. For this challenge, we introduce GroMo25, a dataset with images of four crops: radish, okra, wheat, and mustard. Each crop consists of multiple plants (p1, p2, ..., pn) captured over different days (d1, d2, ..., dm) and categorized into five levels (L1, L2, L3, L4, L5). Each plant is captured from 24 different angles with a 15-degree gap between images. Participants are required to perform both tasks for all four crops with these multiview images. We proposed a Multiview Vision Transformer (MVVT) model for the GroMo challenge and evaluated the crop-wise performance on GroMo25. MVVT reports an average MAE of 7.74 for age prediction and an MAE of 5.52 for leaf count. The GroMo Challenge aims to advance plant phenotyping research by encouraging innovative solutions for tracking and predicting plant growth. The GitHub repository is publicly available at https://github.com/mriglab/GroMo-Plant-Growth-Modeling-with-Multiview-Images.

M. Seyidov, Z. Mahmudova

Shahbuz region, considered the “flora museum” of the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic, occupies a special place in the Autonomous Republic due to the richness of its biodiversity, especially the diversity of flora species. In fact, this richness is due to the many species contained in the flora of the region, including wild vegetables, honey and nectar plants, medicinal plants, as well as essences, alkaloids, saponins, flavonoids, glycosides, grafting agents, etc. Medicinal plants are of particular importance in this wealth. Some plant raw materials contain bioactive compounds with a wide range of effects, and the study and application of various substances in these mixtures, especially flavonoids, has always been the focus of scientific attention. Particularly, the high biological activity of flavonoids, their broader pharmacological effects and abundance in the plant kingdom should be considered as the main reasons for conducting research. A number of flavonoids have antibacterial effects. Thanks to their antioxidant properties, flavonoids protect the body from harmful environmental influences. In particular, the use of these substances in medicine and cosmetics, the pharmaceutical and food industries leads to a further increase in interest in them. Considering that the species Scrophularia nodosa L., widespread in the Nakhchivan Autonomous Region, including the Shahbuz region, is rich in flavonoids, qualitative analyzes were carried out to prove the presence of flavonoids in Scrophularia nodosa, and the amount of flavonoids was determined by the spectrophotometric method. As a result of laboratory studies, the total amount of flavonoids, determined by spectrophotometric method in the form of Scrophularia nodosa L., was 5,58%.

İrem Ayran Çolak, S. A. Çelik

Silybum marianum L. Gaert. (milk thistle), Asteraceae family, is a plant that has adapted to diverse soil and environmental conditions across all continents. Originally grown in Southern Europe and Asia, it is now found worldwide. Milk thistle has been used for medicinal purposes for over 2000 years, primarily for treating liver disease such as cirrhosis and hepatitis, as well as protecting the liver from toxic substances. The therapeutic effects of milk thistle are attributed to the flavonoid complex silymarin, which is most abundant in the ripe seeds (achenes) of the plant. Pharmacological studies have shown that this plant has antioxidant, antiinflammatory, antitumor, hepatoprotective and liver regenerative effects effects. The all parts of the plant is also used medicinally. In addition, Milk thistle has important uses, including food industry as a supplement, food use as a fresh or fried vegetables, livestock feeding, cosmetic industry,bioenery production, biocidal activity and phytoremediation.

F. Haider, U. Zulfiqar, Noor-ul- Ain et al.

Researchers are increasingly concerned about antimony (Sb) in ecosystems and the environment. Sb primarily enters the environment through anthropogenic (urbanization, industries, coal mining, cars, and biosolid wastes) and geological (natural and chemical weathering of parent material, leaching, and wet deposition) processes. Sb is a hazardous metal that can potentially harm human health. However, no comprehensive information is available on its sources, how it behaves in soil, and its bioaccumulation. Thus, this study reviews more than 160 peer-reviewed studies examining Sb's origins, geochemical distribution and speciation in soil, biogeochemical mechanisms regulating Sb mobilization, bioavailability, and plant phytotoxicity. In addition, Sb exposure effects plant physio-morphological and biochemical attributes were investigated. The toxicity of Sb has a pronounced impact on various aspects of plant life, including a reduction in seed germination and impeding plant growth and development, resulting from restricted essential nutrient uptake, oxidative damages, disruption of photosynthetic system, and amino acid and protein synthesis. Various widely employed methods for Sb remediation, such as organic manure and compost, coal fly ash, biochar, phytoremediation, microbial-based bioremediation, micronutrients, clay minerals, and nanoremediation, are reviewed with a critical assessment of their effectiveness, cost-efficiency, and suitability for use in agricultural soils. This review shows how plants deal with Sb stress, providing insights into lowering Sb levels in the environment and lessening risks to ecosystems and human health along the food chain. Examining different methods like bioaccumulation, bio-sorption, electrostatic attraction, and complexation actively works to reduce toxicity in contaminated agricultural soil caused by Sb. In the end, the exploration of recent advancements in genetics and molecular biology techniques are highlighted, which offers valuable insights into combating Sb toxicity. In conclusion, the findings of this comprehensive review should help develop innovative and useful strategies for minimizing Sb absorption and contamination and thus successfully managing Sb-polluted soil and plants to reduce environmental and public health risks.