Hasil untuk "Cartography"

M. Ward, G. Grinstein, D. Keim

T. Venturini

K. Pashby, Marta da Costa, Sharon Stein et al.

ABSTRACT This paper reports on a reflexive exercise contributing a meta-mapping of typologies of GCE and supplementary analysis of that mapping. Applying a heuristic of three main discursive orientations reflected in much of the literature on GCE – neoliberal, liberal, and critical – and their interfaces, we created a social cartography of how nine journal articles categorise GCE. We found the greatest confluence within the neoliberal, greatest number within the liberal, and a conflation of different ‘types’ of GCE within the critical orientation. We identified interfaces between neoliberal-liberal and liberal-critical orientations as well as new interfaces: neoconservative-neoliberal-liberal, critical-liberal-neoliberal, and critical-post critical. Despite considerable diversity of GCE orientations, we argue GCE typologies remain largely framed by a limited range of possibilities, particularly when considered as implicated in the modern-colonial imaginary. In a gesture toward expanding future possibilities for GCE, we propose a new set of distinctions between methodological, epistemological, and ontological levels.

Yifan Zhang, Zhengting He, Jingxuan Li et al.

ABSTRACT The mapping process generally involves intricate operations, such as symbol design, layout design, and text annotation, demanding a high level of professional expertise. The high requirement for map producers hinders the promotion and widespread adoption of mapping. Consequently, researchers are concentrating on techniques to automate and enhance the intelligence of the mapping process. For example, some studies attempt to train deep learning models for mapping, including methods like map style transfer. However, these approaches typically treat the entire map as a global input and generate a new map as output, lacking the flexibility to consider and control detailed elements within a map. Therefore, in this paper, we propose a large language model-based intelligent mapping framework, termed MapGPT, which can be used for mapping by considering the map as an integration of various map elements. Specifically, multiple professional mapping tools are designed in MapGPT, and each tool is designed to control a corresponding map element. With these tools, a large language model is used to first understand the demand of users based on mere natural language descriptions, and subsequently automatically invoke appropriate tools in sequence to generate a map. Furthermore, by utilizing a memory component to store interaction information, users can interact with MapGPT through conversation to adjust map elements such as color and position. In conclusion, MapGPT offers user-friendly mapping experience, showing potential to be a mapping assistant for professional map producers. A comprehensive demonstration of this framework is provided in a visual case study video, accessible at https://github.com/AGI-GIS/MapGPT.

Karpińska Dominika, Kunz Mieczysław

Artificial light pollution of the night sky over urban areas and in their immediate vicinity has become a common anthropogenic phenomenon and a major problem of the modern urban landscape. It is no longer only scientists or environmentalists, but increasingly ordinary citizens too, who perceive a decline in the quality of the night sky and suffer the health consequences of this systematically aggravating process. In order to observe the naturally starry sky, it is now necessary to travel to places far away, not only from large conurbations, but also from smaller human settlements. In order for there to be an improvement in the level of night sky pollution, it is necessary to monitor the phenomenon, provide targeted education and take systemic countermeasures to reduce its negative effects in time and space. Several interdisciplinary research groups and non-governmental organisations around the world conduct research on light pollution. In Toruń, the first measurements of this phenomenon were carried out in 2017 using handheld SQM devices, and a wireless automatic network monitoring the state of the city’s night sky has been developed since 2020. This paper presents the results of the analysis of measurement data recorded during the two-year operational operation of the monitoring network. The conducted measurements provided data to analyse the seasonal variability of the phenomenon, as well as to perform selected spatial analyses within the city limits. The results obtained were related to the results of measurements made outside human settlements, which made it possible to determine the variation of sky brightness in a gradient of decreasing human impact.

Adriana Gabriela Morales Delgado, Kervin Arturo Chunga Morán, Theofilos Toulkeridis

The industrial complexes that handle dangerous products with flammable characteristics have been the cause of great misfortunes when sudden explosions are generated, either due to mechanical failures or human negligence. The Monteverde Gas Complex (MGC), located in the province of Santa Elena in Ecuador, represents a potential risk by housing close to 105,000 m3 of precursor gases such as Propane (PPN), Butane (BTN), and LPG finished product. Therefore, an analysis of the potential threat to which the population is exposed in case of the explosion of one of the tanks with the different products they contain has been carried out, considering the closest communes to the MGC, which are Monteverde and Jambelí. Tools such as the Probit method proposed by TNO (The Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research), and the ALOHA software of the EPA (Environmental Protection Agency, USA) were used, whose combinations allowed estimating the radius of influence, which were divided into zones according to the degree of impact on the community. The results demonstrated that the community of Monteverde, despite being more than 1 km away from the CGM, is within the red zone or high influence radius that corresponds to 2000 meters for propane and butane tanks. Whitin this area, a person could have fatal third-degree burns. The calculations have been performed under ideal conditions, so it is recommended to review the attenuations generated by natural elevations of the terrain or the direction of the wind in further studies

Janina Zaczek-Peplinska, Maria Elżbieta Kowalska, Edward Nowak

Periodic inventory and check surveys of the surfaces in engineering structures using terrestrial laser scanning require performing scans from many locations. The survey should be planned so as to obtain full coverage of the measured surface with a point cloud of appropriate density. Due to a variety of terrain obstacles in the close vicinity of the surveyed structure, structural and technical elements, as well as machinery and construction equipment (whose removal is impossible e.g. because of their role in the building and protection of the structure), it is often necessary to combine scans acquired from locations having different measurement geometry of the scene and performed in different lighting conditions. This makes it necessary to fill in blank spots with data of different spectral and geometric quality. This paper presents selected aspects of data harmonization in terrestrial laser scanning. The laser beam incidence angle and the scanning distance are assumed as parameters affecting the quality of the data. Based on the assumed minimum parameters for spectral data, an example of a harmonizing function for the concrete surface of a slurry wall was determined, and the methodology for determining its parameters was described. The presented solution for spectral data harmonization is based on the selection of reference fields representative of a given surface, and their classification with respect to selected geometric parameters of the registered point cloud. For geometric data, possible solutions to the harmonization problem have been analyzed, and criteria for point cloud reduction have been defined in order to obtain qualitatively consistent data. The presented results show that harmonization of point clouds obtained from different stations is necessary before their registration, in order to increase the reliability of analyses performed on the basis of check survey results in the assessment of the technical condition of a surface, its deformation, cracks and scratches.

Éric Masson, Jean-Baptiste Litot, Edwige Motte et al.

This article presents a tool developed to enable spatialized decision support and GIS-assisted cartography. Called RAIE (Repulsion, Attraction, Inclusion, Exclusion), this tool allows an interviewee or a group, during interviews, to produce maps in a GIS from a declarative ontology. Showing the challenges and spatial constraints of different actors for the location of a strategic site, RAIE also provides a common database of geographic data and map production, contributing to a spatialized multicriteria decision.

Jiří Tomíček, Jan Mišurec, Petr Lukeš et al.

In this study, an approach for the harmonized calculation of the Leaf Area Indices (LAIs) for agronomic crops from Sentinel-2 MSI and Landsat OLI multispectral satellite data is proposed in order to obtain a dense seasonal trajectory. It was developed and tested on dominant crops grown in the Czech Republic, including winter wheat, spring barley, winter rapeseed, alfalfa, sugar beet, and corn. The two-step procedure harmonizing Sentinel-2 MSI and Landsat OLI spectral data began with deriving NDVI, MSAVI, and NDWI_1610 vegetation indices (VIs) as proxy indicators of green biomass and foliage water content, the parameters contributing most to a stand’s spectral response. Second, a simple linear transformation was applied to the resulting VI values. The regression model itself was built on an artificial neural network, then trained on PROSAIL simulations data. The LAI estimates were validated using an extensive dataset of in situ measurements collected during 2017 and 2018 in the lowlands of the Central Bohemia Region. Very strong agreement was observed between LAI estimates from both Sentinel-2 MSI and Landsat OLI data and independent ground-based measurements (<i>r</i> between 0.7 and 0.98). Very good results were also achieved in the mutual comparison of Sentinel-2 and Landsat-based LAI datasets (<i>rRMSE</i> < 20%, <i>r</i> between 0.75 and 0.99). Using data from all currently available Sentinel-2 (A/B) and Landsat (8/9) satellites, a dense harmonized LAI time series can be created with high potential for use in precision agriculture.

Lemenkova Polina

This paper presents using GDAL utilities and GRASS GIS for topographic analysis of the raster grids based on GEBCO DEM as NetCDF file at 15 arc-second intervals. The focus study area encompasses the area around Okinawa Trough, Ryukyu trench-arc system, southern Japan, East China Sea and the Philippine Sea, West Pacific Ocean. Several GDAL utilities were applied for data processing: gdaldem, gdalwarp, gdalinfo, gdal_translate. The data were imported to GRASS GIS via r.in.gdal. Data visualization highlighted high resolution and accuracy of GEBCO grid, enabling topographic modelling at the advanced level. The algorithm of DEM processing, implemented in GDAL utility gdaldem, was used for generating multi-purpose topographic models: aspect, hillshade, roughness and topographic indices, such as Topographic Position Index (TPI), Terrain Ruggedness Index (TRI). Thematic maps (topography, geoid, marine free-air gravity) were visualized using GRASS GIS modules for raster (d.rast, r.colors, r.contour) and vector (d.vect, v.in.region, d.legend) data processing. The results demonstrated smoother bathymetry in the East China Sea and rugged relief in the Philippine Sea which corresponds to their different geological and geophysical settings. The presented methodology of the topographic analysis based on DEM demonstrated technical aspects of GDAL and GRASS as scripting approach of advanced cartography.

Ithri AIT Hou, Loubna EL MANSOURI, Kamal BENADDOU ELIDRISSI et al.

In Cote d’Ivoire, as in many African countries, social tensions are frequently linked to a crisis of the rule of property law. These socio-legal conflicts are referred to by various names depending on their subject matter or the time and place in which they arise: law crises, the weakness of the State apparatus, the unsuitability and failure of institutions, and so on. However, in the majority of cases, these conflicts stem from a common phenomenon: weak land tenure security, or more precisely, land insecurity. The awareness of the magnitude of the problem of securing land tenure and its formalization through the "PAMOFOR" project (in which we participated as a research group and technical land operator), leads us to ask the following questions: How can we master the analysis of land governance and land tenure security in Côte d'Ivoire?  And what is its current state? Indeed, an assessment of land governance in Cote d’Ivoire is required. To accomplish this goal, the LGAF tool was used as the foundation of a highly participatory approach to systematically analyzing various aspects of land governance. The goal is to identify best practices and reach agreement on priority areas for land administration improvement. The analysis' findings enable stakeholders to address key governance gaps and develop a clear roadmap for improving land governance.

Robert van Hennik

In the second part of the text “Becoming a posthuman systemic nomad”, I suggest ways in which systemic practitioners may become systemic nomads, reintegrating cybernetics and social constructionism and taking a new-materialist perspective on life. Systemic therapists may become “post human systemic nomads”, navigating and systemically learning in complex adaptive systems, in which we are relational responsible to all human and non-human actors in the networks that we produce and that we are produced by. Inspired by the philosophy of Deleuze and Guattari I made three cartographies for us, systemic nomads, navigating complexity in multi-actor systems. Systemic practitioners (from a new-materialist perspective) can co-create better ecological worlds if we are conscious of the effects of our actions in interdependent relationships with all actors in life, when – as nomads – we display systemic sensibility or intelligence (Senge, 2006) within systems of multi-actors.   Abstract (Dutch)   In dit tweede deel van de tekst “Becoming a posthuman systemic nomad” beschrijf ik hoe systeemtherapeuten en consulenten “systemische nomaden” kunnen worden door in hun denken en doen inspiraties uit de cybernetica, het sociaal constructionisme en het nieuw-materialisme te integreren.  Systeemtherapeuten en ‘systemisch’ consulenten, die “systemische nomaden” worden, navigeren en leren navigeren in complex adaptieve multi-actor systemen. Zij ervaren een ‘relationele verantwoordelijkheid’ naar zowel humane als niet-humane (dingen, dieren, planten) actoren in de netwerken waartoe zij betekenisvol bijdragen, waarvan zij om betekenisvol voort te bestaan afhankelijk zijn. “Systemische nomaden”, bewust van de inter-afhankelijkheid tussen alle humane en niet-humane deelnemers in het multi-actor netwerk, kunnen mogelijk bijdragen in de co-creatie van betere ecologisch afgestemde leefwerelden. Geïnspireerd door de filosofie van Deleuze en Guattari maakte ik drie cartografieën die ons in dit proces van navigeren en leren navigeren kunnen helpen.

Alessandro Sbrana, Paola Marianelli, Giuseppe Pasquini

A volcanological map merging continental and marine areas of the Phlegrean Fields and Procida Island (Southern Italy) is presented at the 1:25,000 scale. The map is based on 1:5,000 field mapping, and marine geology survey carried out during the Italian CAR.G (Geological CARtography, Servizio Geologico d’Italia) project and on bathymetric and seismic data. Geological data are represented on a digital terrain model of the volcano. This allows better visualization of the main morphological, volcanic, and geological features. The legend is organized in seven activity phases identified based on updated absolute ages of eruptions defining periods of high volcanicity and stasis. The geological map highlights the evolutive history of the Phlegrean Fields volcanic field both in the marine and continental portions, and the reconstructed structural framework and evolution of the caldera formed 39.3 Ky ago in its continental and submerged portions.

N. S. Araújo, L. S. Delazari, V. O. Fernandes et al.

Tactile maps are accessible for visually impaired people. Therefore, studies on the use of graphic variables in tactile cartography are necessary. A search for papers related to the keyword "tactile map" was conducted in the Scopus database and in the annals of the International Cartographic Conference, between the years 2009 and 2019, with the objective of identifying in the international literature the topics concerning to graphic variables, especially those related to color code systems. Among the full manuscripts found in the Scopus and International Cartographic Association databases, the countries with the largest number of publications in the tactile cartography field were Brazil, United States, Greece, Spain and Germany. The main topics related to tactile maps in the last 10 years were: visual impairment, navigation and wayfinding, perception, universal design, among others. Some of the papers suggest the representation of colors for colorblind people, but there is a gap regarding the use of color codes as graphic variables on tactile maps.

Monika Sester

The increasing availability of devices to capture the position of moving objects (and other environmental information) leads to a very large amount and variety of mobility data. In order to obtain important information about the objects, their behavior or the environment of the objects, an automatic analysis is required. This article highlights current research questions in the context of the analysis of mobility data and presents them on the basis of work carried out at the Institute of Cartography and Geoinformatics (ikg) at Leibniz University of Hannover, Germany. A focus is put on the analysis and exploitation of information from Mobile Mapping vehicles.

Eszter Varga, Szilvia Endre, Titusz Bugya et al.

Schizophrenic patients have serious impairments in social cognition, which often persists after significant reduction in clinical symptoms. Community-based psychosocial treatments aim to recover social functioning for mentally ill individuals. Our aim was to examine prospective changes in social cognition and functional outcomes in two groups of schizophrenic patients involved in two forms of community-based psychosocial treatments namely case management (CM) and community-based club (CC) compared to a matched, treatment as usual (TAU) group of patients. We hypothesized that CC and CM groups would exhibit better functional and social cognitive outcomes after a 6-month long psychosocial treatment period. Seventy-five patients participated either in CC, CM or TAU. Both CC and CM took part in community-based psychosocial treatment programs including trainings, such as communication and assertiveness trainings. In addition, CC provided group therapeutic treatments and a continuously available day care where patients had the possibility to participate in various social interactions. All participants were in remission, and on maintenance antipsychotic treatment. Participants were assessed on all study variables at two time points: baseline and after 6 months with a battery of questionnaires that examined affective face perception, affective prosody perception, pragmatic language comprehension and ToM. Our results showed that functional outcomes improved significantly in the CC as well as in the CM groups, in contrast to the TAU group. While analyzing summary scores of social cognition, it was found that only the CC group increased its performance in social cognition. In addition, a significant between-group difference in social cognitive function was found after 6 months between the three groups, with the CC group performing best. When investigating associations between changes in social cognition and changes in functional outcomes during a 6-month long treatment period, we found significant correlations between the two variables both in the CC and in the CM groups. Based on our results, we suggest that a rich interpersonal network and social support have highly beneficial effects on social cognition and we would like to emphasize the necessity of offering community-based psychosocial treatments beside antipsychotic medications as early as possible as a crucial part of the complex therapy of schizophrenia.

Francisco Dantas Nobre Neto, Cláudio de Souza Baptista, Cláudio Elízio Calazans Campelo

Predicting the destination and the route that someone is likely to take is useful for various purposes, such as to prevent people from going through congested routes. Most of existing approaches to this prediction problem only consider geographic patterns within their models, although this appears to be not enough for creating a robust predictor. This paper proposes an approach to improving the task of predicting route and destination which makes use of further semantic information associated with destinations and routes, apart from location patterns. Our model does not require user's active interaction and is able to automatically identify stay points (i.e., places users visit) and type of places. We evaluated our model with real world data collected from users' smartphones and obtained promising results.

Claudia Maltoni, Claudio Rossi, Guzmán Sánchez

Due to climate change, floods, wildfires and other extreme weather events are becoming more frequent and intense. This scenario poses a challenge for current risk management systems. I-REACT project aims to develop a solution through the integration and modelling of data coming multiple sources. Information from European monitoring systems, earth observations, historical information and weather forecasts will be combined with data gathered by new technological developments created by I-REACT. These include a mobile app and a social media analysis tool to account for real-timeccrowdsourced information, wearables to improvecpositioning, as well as augmented reality glasses to facilitate reporting and information visualisation by first responders. With this approach, I-REACT will be able to empower stakeholders in the prevention and management of disasters. Citizens will be involved in reporting first-hand information, policymakers will be supported in the decision-making process, and first responders will be equipped with essential tools for early warning and response. At the same time, private companies could leverage specific set of I-REACT components to improve their business, when linked to disaster management. Overall, I-REACT aims to be a European-wide contribution to build more secure and resilient societies to disasters.

B. Avramchuk

Analyzed the basic principles of the assessment of agricultural property within the major world evaluation standards and their impact on evaluation standards in Ukraine..

João Rodrigues Tavares Júnior, Ana Lúcia Bezerra Candeias

O estudo de localização de edificações usando mapas antigos de diferentes épocas do Recife Antigo tem revelado inúmeras descobertas sobre a localização de edificações importantes. A descoberta de remanescentes de estruturas originais de edificações por resgates arqueológicos, estudos arquitetônicos e geográficos têm permitido usar a posição destas estruturas originais remanescentes, descobertas durantes os resgates, para avaliar a precisão da representação do Recife Antigo nos mapas antigos comparada com bases cartográficas atuais. Neste artigo foram usados o mapa Holandês de 1648, o mapa Inglês de 1907, a imagem HRC-CBERS-2B de 2008, e como referência a planta cadastral de 1990 da UNIBASE, na escala de 1:1000, georreferenciados em SAD/69 (South American Datum 1969) para ser compatível a planta cadastral (base cartográfica - UNIBASE) e para localizar sete pontos de partes de edificações identificadas recuperadas no subsolo do Recife Antigo, várias delas ainda expostas ao ar livre. Com a sobreposição dos dois mapas, da planta e da imagem HRC, foram então calculados os afastamentos dos pontos em relação à planta cadastral tomada como base cartográfica de referência. O erro RMS da imagem HRC em relação ao mapa Holandês de 1648 foi de 14,694390, enquanto que o erro RMS da imagem HRC em relação ao mapa inglês de 1907 foi de 0,885011, indicando que, a localização destes pontos nos mapas antigos, apresentam um vínculo geográfico entre os mapas e a imagem HRC. Supõe-se que as diferenças no Recife Antigo, no traçado de ruas e quadras não são devidas apenas as diferentes técnicas de elaboração de mapas, mas também são devidos aos aterros e ao crescimento urbano. Com base na localização do observatório astronômico de George Markgraf retirada a partir do mapa Holandês de 1648, pode-se inferir a localização deste observatório no mapa de 1907, na planta e na imagem HRC, confirmando parcialmente estudos anteriores sobre a localização do observatório. A planta cadastral sobreposta aos mapas de 1648 e 1907 fornece várias informações importantes como áreas aterradas, localização de feições que não existem atualmente entre outras. As informações obtidas são valiosas para o trabalho de arqueólogos, arquitetos e geógrafos no resgate histórico do Recife Antigo e de seu crescimento urbano.