The subject. Economic, technological and geopolitical changes are leading to the digitalization of virtually all structures of the labor market: from the process of production and human resources management to the organization of the workplace. The use of new digital technologies makes it possible to give up routine human labor, contribute to improving the quality of working life of employees and employers, and increase industrial production, which means economic growth of the state. Thus, in accordance with the National Security Strategy, approved by the Decree of the President of the Russian Federation dated July 2, 2021 No. 400, the situation in the production industry is one of the key criteria of Russia's competitiveness and contributes to the strengthening of the state's defense capability. Ensuring Russia's independence and competitiveness was also announced to be the main goal of the Strategy for Scientific and Technological Development of the Russian Federation, approved by Presidential Decree No. 642 dated December 1, 2016. On the other hand, the use of new technologies may have time-delayed risks. The most important risk today is the increasing release of labor force and mass cuts of jobs requiring average qualifications, as well as dismissal of employees due to failure to pass tests because of the lack of skills in digital tools.The purpose of the study was to substantiate the urgent character of the implementation of digital profile programs as a part of the employer's personnel policy to achieve the objectives set in the National Security Strategy of the Russian Federation dated 2021.The methodology of comprehensive research, including methods of document analysis, comparative analysis, secondary use of sociological and economic data were used.Main results. The study shows that the use of the employee digital profile programs will allow the employer to identify weaknesses in any of the employee’s skills well in advance, and to pave individual learning pathway, based on his/her preferences, hobbies and intentions, in order to upgrade the skills. It is deemed that the competence of employees is a factor for transfer of any business to digitalization. This policy of the employer will allow to cover for low-quality job cut and give personnel the minimum knowledge that makes it possible to acquire information on modern information technologies, be able to use it to solve the set problems and have necessary skills and technology, which will facilitate solution of the problems. Ultimately, these are tools to achieve the tasks set by the state in the framework of the state's defensive capability and competitiveness. At the same time, the lack of normative methodologies for the creation and operation of employee digital profiles and comprehensive scientific research predetermine increasing risks of violation of personal data of employees, privacy of employees, as well as discrimination in making legally significant decisions. Today there are no normative standards of data processing and system interaction, which leads to the diminution of guarantees of employees' rights in terms of respect for personal data and other data in terms of classified information.
Ali Nasiri, Esmaeil Salimi, Morteza Delfan Azari
et al.
Flood zoning has extensive applications in flood management and is considered one of the fundamental and critical pieces of information in flood risk management. Flood zoning in urban areas is much more challenging than modeling in floodplain and river areas due to the two-dimensional nature of the flow and, on the other hand, the density of urban features such as buildings, streets, boulevards, and public pathways. In this study, flood zoning for districts 21 and 22 of Tehran was conducted under the current conditions, where the area is almost devoid of surface water collection channels, using a physically-based rainfall-runoff model and two-dimensional hydraulic routing which is the novelty aspect of the article. For this purpose, the HEC-HMS model was used to estimate the runoff from the mountains, and the MIKE model was used to simulate urban rainfall-runoff. According to the modeling results, the areas affected by a 50-year flood event were identified using an integrated modeling approach in districts 21 and 22, covering 8% of these areas. In these areas, the maximum flood depth is 11.8 meters in Vardavard river and the highest speed is 4.5 meters per second at the beginning of Hashemzadeh street (south of Kharrazi highway). The results indicate that in the event of extreme events such as a 50-year rainfall, a significant portion of the highways and main communication arteries of Tehran leading westward would be disrupted, and traffic would be impossible. Moreover, various land uses would fall within the flood zone, and due to the absence of a surface water network, waterlogging conditions throughout districts 21 and 22 of Tehran are predictable. Therefore, the development of a surface water collection network is one of the main priorities for reducing flood risk in these areas.
Risk in industry. Risk management, Industrial safety. Industrial accident prevention
Ardaneswari Dyah Pitaloka Citraresmi, Sri Gunani Partiwi, Ratna Sari Dewi
The creative industry has experienced rapid expansion in emerging economies, substantially contributing to employment and economic growth. However, despite this expansion, understanding how multiple workforce-related factors jointly influence creative performance remains limited. This study’s main contribution is to offer an integrated perspective on how workforce resilience, sustainability, and digital readiness collectively shape the creative output of Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs). We used a mixed-methods design to collect data through surveys and in-depth interviews with owners and employees to capture insights on adaptability, well-being, and digital competencies. Results derived from Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) reveal that resilient and sustainable workforces positively affect creative performance, with digital readiness as a crucial mediator. This study highlights the importance of digital adoption strategies and workforce preparedness in an evolving industry landscape. Importance-Performance Map Analysis further identifies psychosocial risk management, employee well-being, and workplace safety as high-priority yet underdeveloped areas requiring immediate attention. By clearly articulating how an integrated approach to resilience, sustainability, and digital readiness advances theoretical and practical discourse, this work provides actionable insights for policymakers and MSMEs practitioners seeking to enhance innovation and maintain competitiveness in the face of ongoing digital disruption.
This literature review examines the implementation of Enterprise Risk Management (ERM) frameworks within Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs), emphasizing the distinctive challenges and advantages for these organizations. SMEs often encounter obstacles such as limited financial resources, informal business processes, and a lack of specialized risk management expertise, which can impede effective risk management. Despite these challenges, the adoption of ERM frameworks can offer significant benefits, including improved risk identification and mitigation, enhanced decision-making capabilities, better resource allocation, and increased stakeholder confidence. The review identifies notable research gaps, including a scarcity of SME-focused studies, a lack of longitudinal research, and insufficient exploration of industry-specific ERM practices. The literature reveals contradictions, particularly concerning the complexity of ERM frameworks like COSO and ISO 31000, underscoring the necessity for simplified and tailored models for SMEs. However, there is a consensus on the critical role of leadership commitment, organizational culture, and the integration of ERM into strategic planning for successful implementation. Practical recommendations for SMEs include fostering a risk-aware culture, securing leadership commitment, and leveraging technology to enhance risk management processes. This review aims to contribute to a deeper understanding of ERM practices in SMEs and offers practical recommendations to enhance their resilience, competitiveness, and long-term success in a dynamic business environment.
Dileep Kumar Yendluri, Ramya Thatikonda, Reshmi Thatikonda
et al.
The paper investigates the nuances of RPA risk management, detailing the difficulties, tendencies, and approaches organizations must adopt to integrate RPA into their operations successfully. From automation to optimization, RPA’s impact on industry workflow is revolutionary. However, RPA introduces a spectrum of technical, operational, business, and compliance risks alongside its benefits. Amidst the intricate landscape of RPA, this paper sheds light on key risks. It offers practical strategies for tackling them, enabling organizations to confidently unlock automation’s transformative power. Trends like advanced analytics fusion, AI-driven risk analysis, and blockchain utilization will likely influence future RPA risk management. In addition, the paper discusses evolving challenges, including ethical issues, breakneck technology evolution, and digital security dangers. Using an in-depth examination of RPA risk management, this paper prepares organizations for the ever-changing automation environment with informed decisions and proactive measures.
P. G. Thirumagal, Surendar Vaddepalli, Tapas Das
et al.
Using IoT data analytics in conjunction with artificial intelligence (AI) has the potential to improve banking operations' risk management. Sophisticated analytical methods are necessary for the detection and management of possible risks due to the increasing complexity and amount of data generated by the banking industry. This research proposes a novel method for analysing real-time data from IoT devices by employing artificial intelligence algorithms. The risks associated with financial transactions and operations can be better and more accurately assessed using this method. Through the integration of AI's pattern recognition, anomaly detection, and predictive modelling capabilities with the massive amounts of data generated by Internet of Things devices, this project aims to substantially enhance the efficacy and efficiency of risk management approaches in the banking sector. Research like this could lead to innovative solutions that make financial institutions more resistant to rising risks by enhancing decision-making, reducing operational weaknesses, and so on.
Rayees Ahmed, Taha Shamim, Joshal Kumar Bansal
et al.
Climate change poses significant challenges to the Himalayas, a region characterised by its fragile ecosystems and vulnerable communities dependent on environmental resources. Accurate climate data are crucial for understanding regional climatic variations and assessing climate change impacts, particularly in areas with limited observational networks. This study represents a pioneering effort in evaluating climatic fluctuations in the Jhelum basin, located in the North Western Himalayas, by utilising a diverse range of gridded meteorological datasets (APHRODITE, CHIRPS, CRU, and IMDAA) alongside observed climate data from the Indian Meteorological Department. The primary goal is to identify the most effective gridded climate data product for regions with limited data and to explore the potential of combining gridded data sets with observed data to understand climatic variability. Findings indicate a consistent upward trend in temperature across all datasets, with varying rates of increase. CRU records a rise of 1 °C in Tmax and 1.6 °C in Tmin, while APHRODITE shows a Tmean increase of approximately 1 °C. IMDAA reports increases in Tmax and Tmin. Observed mean annual Tmax and Tmin show net increases of 1 °C and 0.6 °C, respectively. Regarding precipitation, all datasets except IMDAA exhibit an increasing trend, contrary to observed data, which decreases from 1266 mm to 1068 mm over 40 years. CHIRPS, CRU, and APHRODITE display increasing trends, while IMDAA aligns closely with observed data but tends to overestimate precipitation by about 30%. Our research identifies IMDAA as the most suitable gridded climate data for the Jhelum basin in the North-western Himalayas. Despite some discrepancies in precipitation trends, IMDAA closely aligns with observed data, providing valuable insights for scholars and policymakers navigating climate data uncertainties in complex environments. Our findings contribute to informed decision-making and effective climate change mitigation strategies in the region.
At present, the threat of technogenesis is not weakening despite the measures taken to reduce the levels of negative impact on the environment. In this regard, the authors analyze the standardization of risk management as an effective tool for monitoring the safety of not only design decisions in housing construction, but also any economic activity. The article discusses the safety aspects set out in Russian standards (GOSTs) and international guidelines. The analyzed regulatory documentation answers the question of how to achieve an acceptable level of risk. The basic concepts of risk assessment are given. There are positive changes in state standards in the safety area. Federal Law N7 regulates the leadership of the employer, and not his responsibility. As part of the improvement of environmental management for housing construction, the use of certain penalties, interest fines and forfeits looks quite natural. The main goal of the international standard ISO 14001 is not to point out the need for managers to have leadership qualities as the main factor in ensuring environmental safety for the construction industry, but to form a responsible attitude towards the environment and natural resources as the most important asset of economic activity. The article raises the issue that risk analysts cannot be fully guided by domestic standards due to their lack of development and inconsistency with the universal international documents ISO 31000:2018 "Risk management - Guidelines" and ISO 14001:2016 "Environmental management systems". A special risk assessment approach should be developed that describes the interaction of various scenarios, which will provide an increased environmental and economic effect in the field of housing construction safety.
The article is devoted to analyzing aspects of biosecurity and biosecurity in the conditions of poultry farms under different poultry-keeping schemes. Production of poultry meat in the EU countries by species is broiler meat – 84.4 %, turkeys – 12.7 %, ducklings – 2.6 %, and other types of slaughtered poultry meat – 0.3 %. Ukraine is one of the five countries in the world that are the largest exporters of poultry meat to the EU, and the volume of poultry meat exported to EU member states in 2023 amounted to 97.469 tons. Compliance with basic biological safety measures is the best way to reduce the risk of spreading infectious diseases, produce safe products, and ensure veterinary food safety. Biosecurity in poultry farming involves some fundamental methods and strategies. Biosecurity is based on two fundamental principles: preventing pathogens from entering the territory of poultry farming (external biosecurity) and their further distribution (internal biosecurity). Factors of external biosecurity are the control of the penetration of biological vectors of the causative agents of poultry infectious diseases (restriction of the entry of vehicles into the farm territory, entry of outsiders, wild animals, rodents, synanthropic birds, and insects). Control of biological vectors of introducing pathogens into the farm is carried out through physical protection barriers (arrangement of fences, fences, installation of protective nets and screens on windows, doors, and ventilation shafts). The factors of internal biosecurity of poultry farms include the system of keeping poultry, proper practice of waste management (timely removal of poultry carcasses, litter, manure, method of waste management), use of hygienic means of bioprotection by employees, hygienic processing between «clean» and "dirty" areas of maintenance facilities, control and management of feed and water, cleaning and disinfection of production facilities. The level of biosecurity depends on the epizootic situation and the industry's provision of modern means of diagnosis, prevention, and treatment. In the conditions of martial law in our country, the principal risks of biological decline are the destruction of homesteads of the population and industrial-type poultry farms; the difficulty of disposing of poultry carcasses, waste from the poultry industry, and household waste following current requirements, as well as changes in the migration routes of synanthropic birds.
Hoang-Tu Vo, Nhon Nguyen Thien, Kheo Chau Mui
et al.
Dangerous insects are a significant risk to the global agricultural industry, threatening food security, economic stability, and crop quality. This study investigates the impact of multiple optimization algorithms within transfer learning, employing EfficientNet models for the classification of agricultural insects. The explored optimization algorithms include Adam, Adamax, AdamW, RMSprop, and SGD, while utilizing the EfficientNetB0, EfficientNetB3, EfficientNetB5, and EfficientNetB7 architectures. Experimental results show notable performance differences between optimization algorithms across all EfficiencyNet models in the study. Among the measured metrics are precision, recall, f1-score, accuracy, and loss, the AdamW optimizer consistently demonstrates superior performance compared to other algorithms. The findings underscore the critical influence of optimization algorithms in enhancing classification accuracy and convergence within transfer learning scenarios. Additionally, the study employs various visualization techniques, such as Gradient-weighted Class Activation Mapping (Grad-CAM) to enhance the interpretation of the image classification model’s results. By focusing on these methodologies, this research aims to improve the model’s performance, optimize its capabilities, and ultimately contribute to effective pest management strategies in agriculture, safeguarding crop yields, farmer livelihoods, and global food security.
Vietnam is a coastal country with a coastline stretching more than 3,260 km. Marine resources are important for the development of Vietnam. In Vietnamese seas, there are about 20 typical ecosystems spreading over 1 million square kilometers in the East Sea consisting of mangrove forests, coral reefs, lagoons, seagrasses in intertidal areas and estuaries, and living species in 155,000 hectares, 1,300 square kilometers, 500 square kilometers, 16,000 hectares, and 11,000 living species, respectively. At present, the impact of climate change, socio-economic development, and environmental pollution are considered as the main causes of degradation of Vietnam’s marine ecosystems. This paper presents and discusses the pressure of socio-economic activities including industry, tourism, marine transportation and services, aquaculture and fishery on marine ecosystems. In Vietnam, compared to the early 2000s a total of 12% of coral reefs, and 48% of other coral reefs are vulnerable to degradation. So far, about 100 species of marine life in Vietnam are at risk of being threatened due to over-exploitation and fishing. The seagrass-bed ecosystem is currently being degraded with only over 5,580 ha remaining. In some areas, such as Cat Ba, Ha Long, and Quang Nam, seagrass beds have almost no chance to recover naturally due to serious impacts from tourism and aquaculture activities. From the findings, orientations that aim at effective management and protection of marine ecosystems to cope with adverse impacts of anthropogenic activities, climate change, and the pressure of socioeconomic development were proposed.
PurposeThe world economy has experienced several economic downturns, and each phase emphasised that no industry is immune to inappropriate risk-management practices. Against the backdrop of the recent COVID-19 pandemic, which had far more effects than a financial crisis, the existing paper reviewed the state of current research in the realm of corporate governance and risk-management practices.Design/methodology/approachThis study rigorously followed a systematic approach in identifying, selecting and critically synthesising the existing literature on corporate governance and risk management. The review was carried out on the Web of Science and Scopus database until December 31, 2022. In total, 72 research works were examined and reviewed.FindingsThis systematic literature review showed that companies with strong governance mechanisms are less exposed to corporate risks. Several attributes, such as higher institutional ownership stakes, concentrated family ownership structures, lower CEO compensation and duality, higher presence of females in the management, better board dynamics in terms of independent boards and gender diversity are all strong mechanisms for mitigating risk. Additionally, socially responsible companies are better positioned to mitigate corporate risks. Furthermore, several themes emphasising the governance risk link have been identified to understand this domain further.Originality/valueBy analysing and synthesising existing corporate governance and risk-management themes, this study ascertained various research gaps that can be addressed in future studies. Furthermore, drawing on this paper's essential cues, researchers can significantly differentiate their work from existing ones in the field.
Abstract Industry 4.0 is a comparatively new method of managing production processes. In the area of risk management, as a result of new approaches, modified frameworks, more complex IT infrastructure and so on, new types of risks may occur. In many cases, the implementation of Industry 4.0 has shown that the connections between humans, systems and objects have become a more complex, dynamic and real-time optimized network. On the other hand, there is the fact of data volume and availability enhancement in real time which causes new requirements of the infrastructure, management, technologies and so on. The aim of this paper is to conduct research on Industry 4.0 related to key aspects and presentation of a design of framework to implement risk management for the Industry 4.0 concept.
Filippo Curti, Jeffrey R. Gerlach, Sophia Kazinnik
et al.
: Cyber risk is undeniably one of the most critical emerging risks to the financial industry. However, even though cyber risk is recognized as a significant threat to financial institutions and, more generally, to financial stability, the quantification and analysis of cyber risk has not yet matured to the point where it can be consistently measured and managed against corporate risk appetites. This impedes efforts to effectively measure and manage such risk, diminishing institutions’ individual and collective readiness to handle system-level cyber threats. This paper aims to address this gap by providing a preliminary cyber risk definition and classification of cyber risk for risk management purposes. As such, the proposed definition and classification would ensure that adopting institutions are utilizing common language and allowing consistent data collection and sharing. We provide a deeper dive into the reasoning behind the variables we propose to collect and demonstrate how some of the existing cybersecurity events map into our proposed scheme.
Abstract The bath industry has multiple attributes, such as economic, health, and cultural communication. Therefore, exploring this industry's spatial pattern evolution is crucial to forming a healthy and balanced development model. Based on POI (Points of Interest) and population migration data, this paper uses spatial statistics and radial basis function neural network to explore the spatial pattern evolution and influencing factors of the bath industry in mainland China. The results show that: (1) The bath industry presents a strong development pattern in the north, south-northeast, and east-northwest regions and weak development in the rest of the country. As a result, the spatial development of new bath space is more malleable. (2) The input of bathing culture has a guiding role in developing the bath industry. The growth of market demand and related industries has a specific influence on the development of the bath industry. (3) Improving the bath industry's adaptability, integration, and service level are feasible to ensure healthy and balanced development. (4) Bathhouses should improve their service system and risk management control during the pandemic.
Enterprise Risk Management (ERM) is critical for companies operating in the global retail industry in order to achieve their expected long-run values. As a holistic, top-down approach to managing the risk, ERM can bring valuable insights into how companies operating in the global retail industry make agile responses to shifting consumer demand and product supply. We look at specifically how ERM strategies helped Walmart during the Pandemic, especially in the early phase.
The paper considers the models of organisational development of multidisciplinary companies and their business units. It is shown that the existing models need to be supplemented with two enlarged managerial competencies – management of incremental (modification) innovations and management of radical innovations. The proposed model of a business unit assumes that their development is structured as a progressive passage of the organisation through the stages of housing and communal services by developing the necessary managerial competencies for the next stage. The developed general models are used to form models of organisational development of the “Severgroup” multidisciplinary corporation and its business units. The strategic portfolio of business units, its parameters and position within the framework of the matrix of housing and communal services of the industry are determined. The result of the study was the formulation of two strategies – “growth to the core” and “growth to the peak”. Models of organisational development of the corporation (changes in the composition and characteristics of the portfolio of business units) and models of transfer of managerial competencies have been developed for each strategy.
The carbon emissions vary over space and time in China, as well as driving forces. It is particularly important to analyze the spatiotemporal variations and driving factors of China’s per capita carbon emissions. This study adopted global Moran’ I and local indicators of spatial association to analyze the spatial autocorrelation of per capita carbon emissions in China during 2004–2019 and discussed the driving factors of per capita carbon emissions by geographically and temporally weighted regression model. The results demonstrated a positive spatial correlation between inter-provincial per capita carbon emissions, but this correlation has gradually decreased since 2008. The High-High clusters were concentrated in the Bohai Economic Rim and the Low-Low clusters were mainly located in the south. Driving factors of per capita carbon emission at the provincial level have spatiotemporal heterogeneity. From 2004 to 2019, per capita GDP, urbanization rate, and energy intensity are the main contributors to per capita carbon emissions, and the role of per capita GDP is weakening, while urbanization rate and energy intensity change in the opposite direction. Foreign direct investment is the main disincentive in most regions. These findings provided a reference for emission reduction policies implemented in different regions.
Forest fires are one of the most frequently occurring natural hazards, causing substantial economic loss and destruction of forest cover. As the Gangwon-do region in Korea has abundant forest resources and ecological diversity as Korea's largest forest area, spatial data on forest fire susceptibility of the region are urgently required. In this study, a forest fire susceptibility map (FFSM) of Gangwon-do was constructed using Google Earth Engine (GEE) and three machine learning algorithms: Classification and Regression Trees (CART), Random Forest (RF), and Boosted Regression Trees (BRT). The factors related to climate, topography, hydrology, and human activity were constructed. To verify the accuracy, the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) was used. The AUC values were 0.846 (BRT), 0.835 (RF), 0.751 (CART). Factor importance analysis was performed to identify the important factors of the occurrence of forest fires in Gangwon-do. The results show that the most important factor in the Gangwon-do region is slope. A slope of approximately 17° (moderately steep) has a considerable impact on the occurrence of forest fires. Human activity and interference are the other important factors that affect forest fires. The established FFSM can support future efforts on forest resource protection and environmental management planning in Gangwon-do.