Hasil untuk "Marketing. Distribution of products"

M. Vance, T. Kuiken, Eric P. Vejerano et al.

To document the marketing and distribution of nano-enabled products into the commercial marketplace, the Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars and the Project on Emerging Nanotechnologies created the Nanotechnology Consumer Products Inventory (CPI) in 2005. The objective of this present work is to redevelop the CPI by leading a research effort to increase the usefulness and reliability of this inventory. We created eight new descriptors for consumer products, including information pertaining to the nanomaterials contained in each product. The project was motivated by the recognition that a diverse group of stakeholders from academia, industry, and state/federal government had become highly dependent on the inventory as an important resource and bellweather of the pervasiveness of nanotechnology in society. We interviewed 68 nanotechnology experts to assess key information needs. Their answers guided inventory modifications by providing a clear conceptual framework best suited for user expectations. The revised inventory was released in October 2013. It currently lists 1814 consumer products from 622 companies in 32 countries. The Health and Fitness category contains the most products (762, or 42% of the total). Silver is the most frequently used nanomaterial (435 products, or 24%); however, 49% of the products (889) included in the CPI do not provide the composition of the nanomaterial used in them. About 29% of the CPI (528 products) contain nanomaterials suspended in a variety of liquid media and dermal contact is the most likely exposure scenario from their use. The majority (1288 products, or 71%) of the products do not present enough supporting information to corroborate the claim that nanomaterials are used. The modified CPI has enabled crowdsourcing capabilities, which allow users to suggest edits to any entry and permits researchers to upload new findings ranging from human and environmental exposure data to complete life cycle assessments. There are inherent limitations to this type of database, but these modifications to the inventory addressed the majority of criticisms raised in published literature and in surveys of nanotechnology stakeholders and experts. The development of standardized methods and metrics for nanomaterial characterization and labelling in consumer products can lead to greater understanding between the key stakeholders in nanotechnology, especially consumers, researchers, regulators, and industry.

Ede Ramadhin Setyawanatra, Hadiah Fitriyah, S. Sriyono

Social media marketing strategies, customer reviews, and influencer marketing have influenced consumer behavior in purchasing products, particularly in the case of MS Glow cosmetic products, which experienced a decline in sales due to issues regarding the safety of the products. The purpose of this study is to investigate the influence of customer reviews, influencer marketing, and brand awareness on increasing consumer purchase intention, which can then affect the purchase decision on MS Glow cosmetic products. This research employed a quantitative research technique based on positivist ideology using multiple linear regression methods, where the object of the research is the official Shopee MS Glow Indonesia online store, with a population comprising all customers who have purchased MS Glow items through the internet, and a sample size of 100 people calculated using the Lemeshow formula, with primary data sources collected through the distribution of Google Form questionnaires. The research results show that customer reviews, influencer marketing, and brand awareness have a significant influence on purchase decisions, both directly and through purchase intention as a mediating variable. Customer reviews show a positive influence on purchase intention and purchase decisions, although there are indications of an unusual relationship that requires further investigation. Influencer marketing has been proven to have a strong positive impact on purchase intention and purchase decisions, while brand awareness also shows a significant positive influence on purchase intention and purchase decisions. Analysis of indirect effects through purchase intention shows a positive and significant effect of customer reviews, influencer marketing, and brand awareness on purchase decisions, emphasizing the importance of an integrated marketing strategy that considers all these aspects to increase purchase intention and ultimately drive purchase decisions.

Wanying Zhang, Jing Wang, Geng Qin et al.

The shipping industry, responsible for transporting 90% of global goods, is a major source of pollution and greenhouse gas (GHGs) emissions. In response to the increasingly stricter global and regional emission control regulations, the maritime industry has adopted various operational and technical measures to improve vessel energy efficiency so as to reduce emissions. However, these measures might not be able to effectively address the core issue of emissions, which arises from a heavy reliance on carbon-intensive energy sources. To reduce the emissions from the whole shipping industry more fundamentally, this review evaluates the viability of five alternative marine fuels — liquefied natural gas (LNG), methanol, ammonia, biofuel, and hydrogen — as potential solutions for maritime decarbonization. This review adopts the systematic search flow (SSF) approach, using iterative search refinement and thematic analysis for a structured synthesis of maritime alternative fuel literature. It first introduces each type of alternative fuel with an emphasis on production methods and sources, which are distinctively categorized by “color.” Following this, a comprehensive comparison of the fuels is presented, focusing on technical feasibility, economic viability, emission reduction capabilities, availability, and safety considerations. The practical application of these fuels is further explored through an analysis of their adoption in operational fleets and new orders, as well as the readiness of port infrastructure to support these changes. This review also examines the role of alternative fuels in the development of green shipping corridors, underscored by an analysis of green shipping finance initiatives. The findings provide valuable insights into the viability of these fuels, supporting the International Maritime Organization (IMO)’s 2050 decarbonization goals and paving the way towards zero emissions in global shipping.

Lily Purwianti, Hepy Hefri Ariyanto, Christella

Background: The online food delivery (OFD) sector has grown rapidly in Indonesia, necessitating scholarly examination of consumer behavior beyond initial adoption to understand continuance patterns in technology-enabled consumption. Purpose: This research aims to analyze the effects of food safety risk perception, social influence, price savings, and time savings on consumers' continuance intention toward OFD services, with attitude as a mediating variable. Method: A quantitative survey of 384 OFD users in Batam City, Indonesia, who had used the services three times in three months was conducted, and the data were analyzed using PLS-SEM. Findings: Social influence, price savings, time savings, and food safety risk perception significantly affect attitude and continuance intention through the mediation of attitude. Food safety risk exhibits dual effects of direct negative and indirect positive effects through attitude. Conclusions: Attitude serves as a critical mediator consistent with the Theory of Planned Behavior. OFD providers should strengthen food safety assurances, leverage social influence, emphasize efficiency benefits, and enhance positive attitudes to sustain consumer loyalty and long-term engagement. Research implication: OFD service suppliers should strengthen consumer confidence by addressing food safety concerns, leveraging social influence, and emphasizing time and cost efficiency. Marketing and operations also improve positive consumer attitudes to support long-term engagement.

Tayeb AMARA

تتجلى أهمية الدراسة في إبراز وظيفة التكوين في كونها أساس التفوق و تأكيد القدرة على مسايرة التحديات بل و تجاوزها في مخبر  صناعة الموارد البشرية في المصارف العمومية الجزائرية. من أجل ذلك، كان  لزاما على وظيفة التكوين ضمان النتائج الآنية و المستقبلية المتبناة في السياسات العامة. و لقد بينت عملية استطلاع آراء عينة مكونة من ( 107) إطار مركزي و جهوي متخصص في تسيير الموارد البشرية، و من مخرجات البرنامج الإحصائي (SPSS.V.21)، أن هناك علاقة ذات أثر ذو دلالة إحصائية بين  وظيفة التكوين و بين المردودية المنتظرة من الموارد البشرية،  دونما وجود فروق ذات دلالة إحصائية حول مدى التزام مديري مراكز التكوين بتطبيق المناهج التي تعزز مكانة وظيفة التكوين، تعزى لعوامل المؤهل المهني، المؤهل العلمي، المنصب الحالي، الأقدمية.

Ana-Maria Coatu, Felix-Angel Popescu, Laurențiu Petrila

This study explores how socio-economic factors affect the effectiveness of public accountability frameworks in EU member states, with Romania as a case study. Using data from the World Bank, Eurobarometer, and cross-country comparisons, it identifies five key determinants: income inequality, education, healthcare access, political participation, and economic stability. Grounded in institutional theory, the research shows that inclusive institutions and lower disparities lead to stronger accountability, while weaker frameworks often reinforce inequality and corruption. For Romania, the study recommends boosting transparency, enforcing anti-corruption measures, improving rural-urban equity, and enhancing civic education to strengthen the link between citizens and institutions.

Wilmark Ramos

Type of the article: Research Article AbstractThe rapid growth of social media has transformed consumer-brand interactions, making the study of attachment and consumer engagement highly relevant for emerging markets such as the Philippines. This research aims to examine how higher-order constructs of attachment (identity-based attachment and bonding-based attachment) influence consumer engagement with local brands on Facebook and, subsequently, how this engagement shapes purchase intention. To achieve this, a structured online survey was conducted among 386 Filipino Facebook users who actively followed at least one local brand page. Data collection took place between August and October 2024, employing purposive sampling to ensure the representativeness of engaged local brand consumers. The survey method was chosen to capture consumers’ psychological attachment and behavioural responses within an authentic digital setting. Using Structural Equation Modelling (SEM), the findings reveal that bonding-based attachment exerts the strongest influence on consumer engagement (β = 0.56, p < 0.01), while identity-based attachment also demonstrates a significant but comparatively weaker effect (β = 0.34, p < 0.01). Both attachment dimensions indirectly enhance purchase intention through consumer engagement (β = 0.302 for bonding-based attachment, and β = 0.186 for identity-based attachment), with consumer engagement itself emerging as a robust predictor of purchase intention (β = 0.542, p < 0.001). Demographic characteristics such as age, gender, and income showed no significant moderating effects on the consumer engagement-purchase intention relationship. These results provide empirical support for the mediating role of consumer engagement in attachment-intention pathways, extending attachment theory into social media marketing and offering practical insights for brand managers in emerging economies.

The modern business environment depends on green innovation to achieve sustainable growth through environmentally friendly products that boost both operational effectiveness and market competencies. Research explains how external environmental pressures relate to green innovation measures alongside their effects on firm performance and continues to grow more because current studies show insufficient evidence of these interdependent connections. The study examines multiple elements affecting green innovation performance through external influences to help organizational leaders, together with policymakers, bring sustainable practices into an environmentally aware business market. This study investigated the influence of green innovation on firm performance only through the subjects of management engagement, customer demand for sustainability, and supply chain risk. Optimizing green innovation is a strategic process aimed at increasing the long-term resilience and sustainable performance of an organization. The study draws from theories of green innovation, sustainability, and firm performance, hypothesizing interactions among green practices, managerial support, consumer preferences, and supply chain dynamics. The study combines environmental policies, employee involvement, and external collaboration to enhance its theoretical framework. The quantitative method of PLS-SEM was used to analyse data gathered from 621 companies in Pakistan. This approach uses structured questions to measure constructs, which include green product innovation, green process innovation, management commitment and firm performance. Green product and process innovation drives the performance of a firm, with both management and consumers in need of sustainability. However, supply chain risks reduce the impacts. The findings imply that sustainability in central business and supply chain shortcomings are three factors that need to be considered. The research includes empirical findings related to green innovation. It can help managers develop sustainable policies that are performing well in coping with market requirements and reducing risk. It also shows companies’ contributions to the progress of environmental goals. The study reconnects determinants and impediments of green innovation; it highlights the influence on the firm and provides principal implemented indications towards the aim of sustainable exercise.

R. B. Malabadi, Simuzar S. Mammadova, K. Kolkar et al.

Cannabis has been used for thousands of years for recreational, medicinal, or religious purposes and the therapeutic potential of medicinal Cannabis was demonstrated in various medical conditions. The legalization of Cannabis is an important source of economic growth as it contributes to the growing revenue tax, and the creation of new workplaces. The maturity of the Cannabis market varies across the globe mainly due to differing legal environments and public attitudes towards Cannabis. Some countries such as Canada and the United States have adopted fully regulated frameworks that allow the cultivation, consumption, and retail distribution of various Cannabis products. Uruguay became the first country in the world to legalize the production, distribution and consumption of cannabis in 2013. The Cannabis market in Canada and the USA is experiencing rapid growth due to the country's legalization of recreational use. Regulations can also differ regarding how cannabis is used. However, the use, cultivation, and marketing of Medical Cannabis sativa (drug or Marijuana type ) is banned and prohibited in India due to the presence of high levels of psychoactive principle THC (Narcotic drug). On the other hand, Industrial Cannabis sativa (seed or fiber type) Hemp was legalized in 2021 by The Food Safety and Standards Authority of India (FSSAI), Government of India, New Delhi. In Azerbaijan, Cannabis is not available for medical or recreational use. Recreational Cannabis and medical marijuana are illegal in Azerbaijan. Marijuana is illegal for medical and recreational purposes in China. There is still a huge prejudice in society about medical Cannabis due to its recreational use. However, this scenario is changing, and the social resistance is decreasing for the medicinal use of Cannabis. The Cannabis (Hemp) market in India is predicted to experience a substantial revenue growth, with projections indicating that it will reach ₹US$100.80m by 2024. The Cannabis market worldwide is projected to reach a revenue of US$60.79bn in 2024. The global legal marijuana market size is expected to reach USD 73.6 billion by 2027 and is anticipated to expand at a CAGR of 18.1% during the forecast period.

S. Oduro, Michela Matarazzo

ABSTRACT Drawing on the resource-based theory of the firm, contingency theory, and consumer behavioral theories, we investigate the extent to which green marketing—green products, green pricing, green distribution, and green promotion—influences the performance of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) and how contextual factors (for example, economic sector, economic development, national global sustainable competitiveness, and culture) influence this focal relationship. We analyzed 106 studies with 47,661 observations and 195 study effect sizes using a psychometric meta-analysis approach via subgroup and meta-regression analyses. Our results reveal that green marketing has a positive, moderate effect on the overall firm performance of SMEs and that the most critical antecedent is green promotion, while the performance indicator largely influenced by green marketing is innovation performance. Our moderator analysis shows that contextual factors significantly moderate green marketing/SME performance relationships. The study concludes with the theoretical and managerial implications of these findings.

Oluwaseun Peter Oyeyemi, Kikelomo Fadilat Anjorin, Somto Emmanuel Ewim et al.

As sustainability increasingly shapes consumer behavior and corporate strategies, Fast-Moving Consumer Goods (FMCG) small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) are adopting green marketing and sustainable supply chain practices to gain a competitive edge. This review explores the intersection of these two critical areas, demonstrating how their integration can drive both business growth and environmental responsibility. Green marketing, which focuses on promoting eco-friendly products and sustainable business practices, has become a key tool for FMCG SMEs to differentiate themselves in a crowded marketplace. By adopting strategies such as eco-friendly packaging, ethical sourcing, and transparency in communicating sustainability efforts, SMEs can build stronger consumer trust, foster brand loyalty, and meet the growing demand for environmentally conscious products. Simultaneously, sustainable supply chain practices ensure that the production, distribution, and logistics processes align with environmental and social goals. These practices include reducing carbon emissions, minimizing waste, and working closely with suppliers to ensure ethical sourcing of materials. The synergy between green marketing and sustainable supply chains creates a feedback loop where operational sustainability supports marketing efforts, and consumer demand for green products encourages further sustainability improvements. This review also examines the challenges FMCG SMEs face in aligning these strategies, such as cost barriers, regulatory compliance, and supply chain complexity. Through case studies and industry examples, it highlights how innovative technology and stakeholder collaboration can help overcome these challenges. Ultimately, this study underscores that integrating green marketing and sustainable supply chain practices is not only essential for addressing environmental concerns but also for enhancing competitive positioning, customer satisfaction, and long-term market success in the FMCG sector. Recommendations for SMEs on how to effectively align their marketing and supply chain sustainability efforts are also provided. Keywords:  Green Marketing, Supply Chain, FMCG SMEs, Review.

Meida Rachmawati

Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) play a central role in economic growth, income distribution, and national stability. Digital marketing is key for MSMEs to promote their products and services, overcome time and distance constraints, and expand market reach. The implementation of digital marketing has a positive impact, enhancing visibility and market reach through website optimization, social media, and SEO strategies. Furthermore, digital marketing significantly contributes to increasing MSMEs' sales through the utilization of social media, e-commerce, and data analysis to understand consumer behavior. However, challenges such as limited resources and a lack of understanding of digital marketing still hinder MSMEs. Therefore, efforts for training and support are needed, along with the design of strategies tailored to the MSME business model to optimize the potential of digital marketing for their business success. In conclusion, the implementation of digital marketing is a strategic step that can provide a positive contribution to the growth and development of MSMEs in this digital era.

A. Mansurali, Gladys Stephen, Dharun Kasilingam et al.

ABSTRACT In today’s business landscape, customers hold a central position. They possess extensive knowledge and understanding of various brands’ products and services. Consequently, it has become crucial for businesses to engage customers through multiple channels and touchpoints, encompassing both online and offline realms. By delivering a versatile and seamless brand experience, companies can gain a significant advantage over their competitors. Understanding the omnichannel marketing strategy and its applications has thus become indispensable. The literature review findings enable a deeper understanding of the omni-channel strategies employed by brands. They also shed light on the customer-centric focus within omnichannel marketing and the factors that influence omnichannel performance. Additionally, the study endeavours to construct a theoretical framework for omnichannel marketing and explore its implications for managers and academicians. In summary, this research paper offers a comprehensive examination of omnichannel marketing, encompassing its conceptual underpinnings, practical implementation, and prospects. By delving into the strategies adopted by brands, emphasizing the importance of customer-centric approaches, and identifying key factors that impact omnichannel performance, the study provides valuable insights for both industry practitioners and academic researchers.

Amanda Threesya Nurbianto, Timotius Febry Christian

In the dynamic pharmaceutical industry, companies are undergoing significant transformations in their interactions with consumers. The health industry involves various stakeholders, and pharmaceutical products, such as medications, are predicted to continually increase in demand with the growth of the middle class in Indonesia. Pharmaceutical manufacturers compete through distribution channels such as pharmacies and large pharmaceutical retailers to meet the demands of the government, patients, and entrepreneurs. With the rising number of patients, PT. Satoria Aneka Industri needs to develop a marketing strategy to remain competitive by enhancing the quality of products, services, and quality assurance. Positioned as the second-largest market share holder, PT. Satoria Aneka Industri aims to become the leader in the Indonesian market with a marketing strategy focused on the Unique Selling Point (USP), improving service quality, and ensuring product quality. Product awareness, service quality, and product quality assurance are considered determining factors in consumer purchasing decisions, with marketing strategy analysis focused on the company's infusion products.

S. Wadkar, Mallika Kumar, V. Goswami et al.

Dr. Sudhakar Madhavedi, P. Sudhaker, Ch. Prathima et al.

The paper aims to investigate the influencing of marketing mix (MM) elements (product, price, place or distribution, and promotion) on increasing the effectiveness of product promotion and their role to reduce the problems within the organization. The main importance aspects of this paper are to discuss the theoretical part of MM, to provide some perspectives for the researchers, and to give some instructions for the marketing department in Al-Saaeda Company for medical equipment technologies. The researchers used the main related academic resources from university library, and internet, and they designed and distributed questionnaires on a random sample of Al-Saaeda Company for Medical Equipment Technologies customers and the company employees to measure the impact of promotion on the marketing of its product (Glucocard 01-mini plus). The main findings of this paper can be concluded as following: 1. The promotion has a very high level of impact to increase the sales of products. 2. The good distribution of product can effect positively on customer satisfaction. 3. The company's policy for promoting has a very good reflection on increasing the sales of products. The researchers recommended that the company must strengthen the level of promotions in its activities and departments, and the increasing of sales points is very important, so the company must enhance its policies of distribution.

Ognjen Radišić-Aberger, Peter Burggräf, Fabian Steinberg et al.

By applying machine learning algorithms, predictive business process monitoring (PBPM) techniques provide an opportunity to counteract undesired outcomes of processes. An especially complex variation of business processes is the engineering change (EC) process. Here, failing to adhere to planned implementation dates can have severe impacts on assembly lines, and it is paramount that potential negative cases are identified as early as possible. Current PBPM research, however, has seldomly investigated the predictive performance of machine learning approaches and their applicability at early process steps, let alone for the EC process. In our research, we show that given adequate feature encoding, shallow learners can accurately predict schedule adherence after process initialisation. Based on EC data from an automotive manufacturer, we provide a case sensitive performance overview on algorithm-encoding combinations. For that, three algorithms (XGBoost, Random Forest, LSTM) were combined with four encoding techniques. The encoding techniques used were the two common aggregation-based and index-based last state encoding, and two new combinations of these, which we term advanced aggregation-based and complex aggregation-based encoding. The study indicates that XGBoost-index-encoded approaches outclass regarding average predictive performance, whereas Random-Forest-aggregation-encoded approaches perform better regarding temporal stability due to reduced influence by dynamic features. Our research provides a case-based reasoning approach for deciding on which algorithm-encoding combination and evaluation metrics to apply. In doing so, we provide a blueprint for an early warning and monitoring method within the EC process and other similarly complex processes.

G. Nandakumar, N. Ryde, M. Montelius et al.

Phosphorus (P) is considered to be one of the key elements for life, making it an important element to look for in the abundance analysis of spectra of stellar systems. Yet, there exists only a handful of spectroscopic studies to estimate the P abundances and investigate its trend across a range of metallicities. We have observed full HK band spectra at a spectral resolving power of R=45,000 with IGRINS instrument. Abundances are determined using SME in combination with 1D MARCS stellar atmosphere models. The investigated sample of stars have reliable stellar parameters estimated using optical FIES spectra (GILD; Jönsson et al. in prep.). In order to determine the P abundances from the 16482.92 Angstrom P line, we take special care of the CO($ν=7-4$) blend. We determine the C, N, O abundances from atomic carbon and a range of non-blended molecular lines (CO, CN, OH) which are aplenty in the H band region of K giant stars, assuring an appropriate modelling of the blending CO($ν=7-4$) line. We present [P/Fe] vs [Fe/H] trend for 38 K giant stars in the metallicity range of -1.2 dex $<$ [Fe/H] $<$ 0.4 dex. We find that our trend matches well with the compiled literature sample of prominently dwarf stars and limited number of giant stars. Our trend is found to be higher by $\sim$ 0.05 - 0.1 dex compared to the theoretical chemical evolution trend in Cescutti et al. 2012 resulting from core collapse supernova (type II) of massive stars with the P yields from Kobayashi et al. (2006) arbitrarily increased by a factor of 2.75. Thus the enhancement factor might need to be $\sim$ 0.05 - 0.1 dex higher to match our trend. We also find an empirically determined primary behaviour for phosphorus. Furthermore, the phosphorus abundance is found to be elevated by $\sim$ 0.6 - 0.9 dex in two metal poor s-enriched stars compared to the theoretical chemical evolution trend.

R. Kusumawati, T. Oswari, Tristyanti Yusnitasari et al.

- Agriculture is an important sector in Indonesia with the largest contribution in the economic sector. The biggest obstacle faced by farmers is the length of the distribution chain for agricultural products to reach consumers. The length of this distribution chain has resulted in high prices for agricultural products, but this has not been matched by an increase in farmer income. The E-marketplace is expected to be an alternative in selling agricultural products, so the consumer can get the products directly and pay attention to the elements of the marketing mix in order to determine the right marketing strategy to attract consumers to buy agricultural products on e-marketplace. This study discusses purchasing decisions made by agricultural product e-marketplace users by paying attention to 7P’s elements of the marketing mix. The data collection method used a questionnaire and analyzed using multiple linear regression. The results of this study indicate that simultaneously all elements of the marketing mix (product, price, promotion, place, people, physical evidence, process) have an effect on purchasing decisions of agricultural products.

A. C. Umuhire, J. Uwamahoro, K. Sasikumar Raja et al.

Solar radio type II bursts serve as early indicators of incoming geo-effective space weather events such as coronal mass ejections (CMEs). In order to investigate the origin of high-frequency type II bursts (HF type II bursts), we have identified 51 of them (among 180 type II bursts from SWPC reports) that are observed by ground-based Compound Astronomical Low-cost Low-frequency Instrument for Spectroscopy and Transportable Observatory (CALLISTO) spectrometers and whose upper-frequency cutoff (of either fundamental or harmonic emission) lies in between 150 MHz-450 MHz during 2010-2019. We found that 60% of HF type II bursts, whose upper-frequency cutoff $\geq$ 300 MHz originate from the western longitudes. Further, our study finds a good correlation $\sim $ 0.73 between the average shock speed derived from the radio dynamic spectra and the corresponding speed from CME data. Also, we found that analyzed HF type II bursts are associated with wide and fast CMEs located near the solar disk. In addition, we have analyzed the spatio-temporal characteristics of two of these high-frequency type II bursts and compared the derived from radio observations with those derived from multi-spacecraft CME observations from SOHO/LASCO and STEREO coronagraphs.