Muhammad Nuryadin, Achmad Fauzi Irawan, Birusman Nuryadin
To improve the management of regional civil servants (PNSD) in Samarinda, this study examines the application of the principles of Shariah maqashid. This article highlights five main objectives of Shariah maqashid: maintaining religion (din), protecting the soul (nafs), protecting the mind (aql), protecting descendants/family (nasl/ird), and protecting property (mal). This concept provides a moral foundation for improving the moral character, professionalism, and well-being of civil servants. This study employs a descriptive qualitative research method through a literature review, a series of activities related to the method of collecting library data, reading and writing, and processing of research materials. Internalizing the values of maqashid in shaping the character of ASN is necessary and serves as a practical guide for the government of Samarinda in improving human resources, especially technological ethics. Thus, Shariah maqashid can function as an ethical framework consistent with the ideals of a modern government and at the same time adapted to the needs and culture of Samarinda.
In 1785, during a trip to western Switzerland, the Zurich minister Johann Caspar Lavater became interested in animal magnetism, a medical theory that was popular at the time, and in particular was interested in its variant of magnetic somnambulism (hypnosis). He learned to apply the principles of animal magnetism in Geneva under instruction by the doctor Pierre Butini, and successfully used this method subsequently to treat his own wife Anna, who was suffering from ailments that the doctors were unable to cure. As a long-time believer in the survival of the gifts of the Holy Spirit, Lavater saw animal magnetism as confirmation of his beliefs and compared magnetic treatments to the apostolic laying on of hands. This idea also influenced his magnetisation technique, in which he incorporated religious gestures. His practice was also inseparable from that of his brother, the physician Diethelm Lavater, who hoped with this new remedy to cure diseases that were hitherto deemed incurable. Together, the Lavater brothers engaged in experiments that explored both medical and religious questions. Their shared practice of animal magnetism highlights the convergence and collaboration between medicine and religion, as well as the influence of religious beliefs on medical practices.
Religious thought and belief in a wide variety of traditions harbors claims that, on their face, offend against both science and common sense. At their extreme, they include affirmations that are paradoxical. They seem to defy the constraints of logic and reason generally. Yet they are often neither negotiable nor confined to the arena of “primitive” religions. Here I will focus on three doctrines that have been situated at the heart of Christianity through nearly all its complex historical development and that are perplexing enough that they have been declared by many theologians to be “mysteries.” They have undoubtedly played a role in the development and interest in dialethic logics over the past few decades, for obvious reasons. This paper will challenge the claims of such devices to provide insight into the theological concerns that historically motivated the formation-history of those doctrines and their doctrinal centrality. I shall do so by offering an alternative framework for understanding those doctrines that adheres to defensible hermeneutical principles, results in rationally sensible interpretations, and provides a reading that makes better sense of their content, their historical motivations, and their importance to early Christians.
Lina Pusvisasari, Alma Nur Marsya Ma’rif, Siti Rahap Rahmawati
et al.
Islam is a broad and comprehensive religion that continues to evolve to meet the demands of the modern world. Muslims today face new challenges and opportunities in a society shaped by technology, global relations, and diversity. This journal examines how Islam, which represents a collection of ideas and ways of life, addresses contemporary issues such as democracy, human rights, gender equality, the environment, and technological advancement. With a comprehensive analytical approach, this study shows how Islam is flexible and remains key in overcoming modern problems while maintaining its basic principles. The integration of Islamic principles with the demands of the modern world is highly dependent on the concepts of ijtihad, maqasid sharia, and wasathiyyah (moderation). The results of this study indicate the need for a new interpretation of modern Islam that continues to respect its basic values, as well as the need for dialogue between tradition and contemporary society to create a progressive and inclusive Islamic society.
This article explores the potential of compassion and self-compassion as pedagogical concepts for allied health education in universities. Compassion and self-compassion have long histories in philosophy and religion. They are argued as essential to transformational learning, and for cultivating the civic-mindedness and moral dispositions necessary for ethical conduct in a complex multicultural and diverse world. Yet, the neoliberal transformation of universities has created environments characterised by competition and individualism, negatively affecting the well-being of students and educators. Under such conditions, a return to compassion and self-compassion as guiding principles is warranted. In this article, we address the question: What can a pedagogy of compassion and self-compassion bring to the teaching and learning context of allied health education in a university setting? We argue that there is strong evidence that compassion and self-compassion improve learning and the student experience, which can support critical thinking, emotional awareness, and advanced interpersonal skills required in allied health professions.
The Islamic legal tradition states that God and his Prophet Muhammad teach true knowledge and practice through revelation. The discipline that engages with the revelatory sources and the derivation of norms and rules from them and extending them to related and new issues is Islamic law. In this discipline, religious scholars reflect on the legitimacy of the believers’ actions and categorize them accordingly. Societal and technological advancements are influencing this norm derivation process. For instance, medical technologies enable to cure diseases through e.g. medication and organ transplantation. As believers want to live up to certain principles of their religion, these developments require reflection from a (religious-)ethical point of view in order to determine under which circumstances to follow these developments is justified. Transhumanist enhancement, for instance, pose a challenge for this religious reflection, since it challenges the way of human existence and life as we experience(d) it in the history of humanity. After presenting the main principles and ethical bases of Islamic law, the article will discuss the Islamic legal concept of responsibility, physical integrity (ḥurma) and body with regard to transhumanistic challenges. The discussion will show that the bodily experience and existence of humans is one of the major aspects of the systematic of Islamic law. The idea of transcending the human body challenges the core systematic of Islamic law, including rituals like prayer, fasting, and pilgrimage. On the other hand, Islamic law has a structure that allows flexible and dynamic solutions that do not result automatically in a positive or negative evaluation of transhumanistic enhancement and allows interdisciplinary evaluation to which I will refer in three fictitious cases of transhumanistic enhancement. This will allow us to see that Islamic law is dependent on philosophical, theological, ethical, sociological, medical, and biological reflections on transhumanistic concepts that allows a plurality of approaches to transhumanism.
The unique memoirs about Patriarch Tikhon published below, belonging to the outstanding historian Mikhail Efimovich Gubonin, as well as recorded by him from the words of his closest relatives and literarily processed, were included in the collection "Contemporaries about Patriarch Tikhon", designed in the form of three typewritten volumes. Most of the manuscript has been published . Mikhail Efimovich, who at one time was the subdeacon of Bishop Peter (Rudnev), more than once attended the divine services of His Holiness Patriarch Tikhon and greatly revered him. Already in these years Gubonin began to collect church documents, which was the beginning of the creation of a scientific and historical archive. Below are unpublished essays submitted to the university by the historian's widow Zoya Petrovna Gubonina. The memoirs depict people who came into contact with the Patriarch, as well as various situations related to His Holiness, which enliven the historical context of his life. The memoirs reveal to the reader the complex, dramatic world of church life in the post-revolutionary years, the moods and interests of church people of that era. Currently, work is continuing on the remaining part of the manuscript.
History of Russia. Soviet Union. Former Soviet Republics, History and principles of religions
This article discusses the concept of interstate relations between Uzbekistan and Kazakhstan in Central Asia. From a historical point of view, Uzbekistan and Kazakhstan are united by many traditions, such as the fact that the Uzbek and Kazakh peoples have lived in the same geographical space for thousands of years, a single religion, a similar language, culture, and common customs. From a political perspective, the similarities between the two countries' systems of governance based on democratic principles,as well as their multifaceted foreign policies, the creation of a good-neighborly environment in the region, and adherence to universally recognized principles of international law, have always encouraged the two brotherly countries to maintain friendly relations. The article discusses the political and economic reforms currently underway to create a free economic and secure zone in the territory of the Central Asian countries within the framework of cooperative relations between Uzbekistan and Kazakhstan.
The purpose of the study is to identify the content and genre-stylistic specificity of J. Tavener’s ‘Song of the Angel’ in the context of spiritual-ethical, poetic-intonational guidelines of angeloglossia and sacred minimalism. The methodology of the work is based on a combination of the principles of art history, hermeneutics, genre-intonation and historical-culturological research methods. The scientific novelty of the article is determined by the fact that it first introduces materials on the composition ‘Song of the Angel’ by J. Tavener into Ukrainian musicological circulation, which summarise the composer’s religious experience and the spiritual and aesthetic searches of his era. Conclusions. The poetic and intonational features of the composition ‘Song of the Angel’ by J. Tavener, created at the end of the 20th century for the anniversary of the United Nations, reveal the features of the spiritual and creative evolution of its author, directed in the mature period of his activity to the active search for the sacred foundations of existence, associated primarily with the spiritual teachings of Orthodoxy, as well as with the search for the ‘eternal religion’ that unites the East and the West. The genre and style specificity of the analysed work by J. Tavener, accordingly, reveals the indicative intersection of the ancient traditions of Christian liturgical singing, generalised in the phenomenon of ‘angelic singing’ in its Byzantine ‘sounding’, and the signs of sacred minimalism as an indicative phenomenon of musical postmodernity. The specificity of the first is also manifested in the programmatic definition of the work; and in the performing composition, in which the vocal-instrumental chamberness allusively borders on the choral timbre; and in the calophonic figurativeness of the thematism of the solo parts (soprano, violin) with the demonstrative microtonal (Byzantine) chromaticism; and with the corresponding minimisation of dynamics and the dominance of slow tempos, which together form the image of being in a state of laudatory ‘statics-ecstasy’. The connection of J. Tavener’s composition with sacred minimalism is manifested in the composer’s appeal to extremely simple, tonally oriented means of expression and in the dominant role of the principle of repetition-repetition, which manifests itself at various levels – from the motivic-melodic to the structural-compositional (AAA1).
The protagonist, Jane Eyre, of Jane Eyre, a novel by Charlotte Bront, rebels against gender stereotypes. Charlotte Bronte spoke out against women's oppression through Jane Eyre. The novel's central theme is a perspective on God; the freedom to choose or alter one's fate and achieve one's ambitions is crucial to a woman's happiness. Achieving equality by believing in one's humanity requires individualism, the bedrock of independent personhood. For all the passionate debates throughout history, the foundational principles of justice and morality have always been women's inherent dignity and autonomy. The general agreement was that God created women to be subservient to men and entirely inferior to them. Despite this, Jane Eyre defends the uniqueness of every person's spirit as an essential component of human worth. Bront's views on women as independent beings are shown to be contradictory in paratextual readings of the work. In the beginning, we see reason and religion lauded as the foundation for moral conduct, the pathways to equality and individuality. Jane Eyre expresses herself throughout the book as a free and autonomous person, a voice that not even patriarchal institutions can censor.
A. Logtenberg, G. Savenije, Pieter de Bruijn
et al.
Discussing sensitive topics, such as slavery, political extremism or religion, in the history classroom presents an interesting challenge for history teachers and museum educators. The goal of this small-scale case study was to evaluate a domain-specific professional-development course for Dutch history teachers that was developed in cooperation with museum educators. This course trains teachers to explore the dynamics of and multiple perspectives on a heritage object by asking historical questions, starting from an overarching main question. We investigated: 1) to what extent trainee and experienced history teachers felt competent in teaching sensitive topics before and after the training; and 2) how three experienced history teachers discussed multiple perspectives in a follow-up lesson after the training. Results showed that teachers reported higher self-efficacy in teaching sensitive topics and that the course offered them practical ideas about how to discuss these kinds of topics in their classrooms. Lesson observations showed that the teachers applied some parts of the design principles demonstrated in the course. This article discusses how using tangible heritage objects could support history educators in negotiating sensitive issues.
Sergey Rachinsky, a professor tof the Moscow University, an educator and the founder of the school in Tatevo, Tver Oblast, and also the founder of 20 schools near Tatevo, was a close friend and interlocutor of Konstantin Pobedonostsev, Sergey Smolensky, Vasily Rozanov, Leo Tolstoy and many other famous contemporaries. On 14 May 1899, Emperor Nickolas II signed an Imperial rescript addressed to Rachinsky, thanking him for his work in public education. This article focuses on the circumstances of the appearance of the rescript. On the basis of archival documents, the author of the article shows that there was a specific reason for the appearance of the rescript. Rachinsky was concerned about two schools founded by himself, that they were deprived of the status of a parish school and also were deprived of funding by local authorities. His close friend, the chief Procurator of the Synod K.P. Pobedonostsev, decided to help his friend and wrote the text of the rescript, which was presented to Emperor Nickolas II for signature. Rachinsky also wrote a letter to the Emperor, following the advice of Konstantin Pobedonostsev, showing that he was a committed monarchist and the letter to the emperor was a sincere display of his fillings.
History of Russia. Soviet Union. Former Soviet Republics, History and principles of religions
Birinci Dünya müharibəsi və onun nəticələri Almaniyada yalnız siyasi və sosial istiqamətlərdə deyil, həmçinin din sahəsində də böhrana səbəb olmuşdu. Teoloq F.Qoqarten 1920-ci ildə qələmə aldığı məqaləsinin başlığına çıxardığı “zamanlar arasında” ifadəsi ilə sözügedən mənəvi-ruhani böhranı səciyyələndirmişdi. “Zamanlar arasında” anlayışı Allahın dərk olunmasında yaranmış böhrandan məyusluğu, eyni zamanda, bu şəraitdən çıxmağa ümidi ehtiva edirdi. Çıxış yolu isə ilahi sözün təfsirini Allah və insan arasında dialoq məcrasına yönəldən dialektik, yaxud böhran teologiyası oldu. Dialektik teologiya liberal teologiyaya reaksiya olaraq yaranmışdı. Bununla da o, protestant teologiyasında yeni qeyri-ortodoksal meyillərin yaranmasına təkan vermiş, teoloji hermenevtikanı ontoloji müstəviyə keçirib onun inkişafını yeni səmtə yönəltmişdir.
Məqalədə bu nəzəriyyənin məşhur nümayəndələri, – protestant filosoflar, – Karl Bart, Rudolf Bultman, Herhard Ebelinq və digərlərinin hermenevtik konsepsiyalarının özəllikləri təhlil edilir. K.Bart vəhyin dərk olunmasını imanın gücü və İlahi ruhun köməyi ilə Bibliyanın daxili sözünü eşitmək kimi başa düşürdüsə, Bultman onu keçici tarixi şərtlərin öyrənilməsi və tənqid olunması vasitəsilə ekzistensial təfsirdə görür, bu yolla Əhdi-Ətiqi miflərdən təmizləməyə çalışırdı. Ebelinq isə ümumiyyətlə, bütün ilahiyyatın anlayışlar sistemini dəyişib təzələməyə çağırırdı.
Donald G.Bloş xristoloji hermenevtikanın tərəfdarı kimi çıxış edir, Bibliyanı, ilk növbədə, İsa Məsihin xaçı işığında anlamağın mümkün olduğunu göstərirdi. Müəllifin fikrincə, bütün bu konseptləri birləşdirən əsas cəhət ilahi sözün aktuallaşdırılması, onu yeni təfsirlər vasitəsilə müasir dilə çevirib, anlaşıqlı etmək səyləridir ki, proses bu gün də davam edir.
Religion (General), Philosophy of religion. Psychology of religion. Religion in relation to other subjects
African contextual biblical hermeneutics, practiced mainly among those from the southern hemisphere, is framed by conflicting academic approaches, methods, epistemologies, rationalities, etc. The general challenge put before the Bible scholars in this part of the world mostly concerns methodologies. This paper focuses on the link between a biblical text and the context of its interpretation. To avoid any specific context or interpreter gaining hermeneutical hegemony over the text, in contextual biblical hermeneutics, the coherence should be first and foremost between the text and the context of its interpretation. The interpretation method of Ifá, the sacred orature of Yoruba and some non-Yoruba people in West Africa, helps to achieve that coherence. This paper is a theoretical presentation of what a contextual biblical hermeneutic can learn from this African Sacred literature reading in context. The hermeneutical rationale of Ifá stories is one of “speaking in proverbs”, considering both the stories and their interpretations as proverbs. In line with this rationale, the ideal link between a biblical text and its hermeneutical context is like the one between a “proverb story” and the many stories (contexts) of its harmonious utterances. The epistemological and hermeneutical functions of the context of interpretation are not to interpret the biblical text but to verify the validity of proposed interpretations.
This paper presents Blessed Anthony Martin Slomšek as a man who led an above-average virtuous life. The author presents Slomšek concretely in the exercise of the main or cardinal virtues of prudence (wisdom), justice, cordiality and temperance throughout his life. He also shows their gradual growth. In the process of Slomšek's beatification, the extraordinary influence of Slomšek's personality became clear, as other people were drawn to him as a kind of ≫incandescence≪ for these virtues. Slomšek's extraordinary pastoral zeal was not only based on theoretical teaching but also rooted in a personally lived life of the cardinal virtues, which shaped him into an extremely harmonious and positive personality. Given the gradual resurgence of interest in the virtues in both ethics and morality, it is very appropriate to present and examine Slomšek's virtuous life.
History and principles of religions, Practical Theology
The work is devoted to the consideration of the scientific heritage of the Russian philosopher Piama P. Gaidenko in connection with the problems of teaching the discipline “History and Philosophy of Science” (“History and Methodology of Science”) in the framework of master’s and postgraduate educational programs of modern universities. Based on scientific works and textbooks of P.P. Gaidenko the author identifies the following problems that were raised by an authoritative scientist in a timely manner and are still relevant in modern realities: the problem of the status and place of science in the system of culture and society, the cultural origins and philosophical foundations of scientific knowledge, the relationship between science and religion, the transdisciplinarity of modern scientific research. The question of the importance of socio-humanitarian knowledge in the history of science, axiological, ethical and environmental problems of post-non-classical science are of fundamental importance. It is shown that P.P. Gaidenko, having international experience in European universities, followed the best traditions of world classical university education and at the same time supported modern innovations in teaching philosophy. Her methodological principles serve as a support and reference point for the teacher-philosopher at the present time.
This paper interrogates Kenyan politics through the lenses of Niccolo Machiavelli’s ideas on political power. It analyses the relevance of Machiavelli’s political ideas, as they have applied by different political leaders in Kenya. It pays special attention at how over the years Kenyan politicians at the helm of Kenyan political stage, the state house, have shrewdly mastered and used religion channelise politics of their times. Colonial rule in Kenya witnessed the emergence of a profoundly unbalanced institutional landscape and underdevelopment. With all capacity resided in a strong prefectural provincial administration, political parties remained underdeveloped making Kenyan politics to be leader centred. Politics is perceived as a game in which interests clash and political leaders attempt to establish stability amid conflicting interests. This reality is captured in the ideas of Machiavelli, whose works in political philosophy created the ideological ground for the emergence of Machiavellianism. The most significant aspect of colonialism in Kenya was political domination control, underdevelopment and authoritarianism. Colonialism in Kenya between 1895-1963 was characterized by economic exploitation and colonial expression. Sadly, the spectre of repression, exploitation and underdevelopment persisted in independent Kenya all against the hopes Kenyans had at independence. In this work, we argue that the post independence history of Kenya is replete with key aspects of Machiavelli’s conception of political power, ‘ misuse’ of religion by leaders and glaring underdevelopment all in the name of managing politics. Therefore, this paper examines the application of Machiavellian principles in the independent Kenya between 1963 and 2007.