Hasil untuk "Earthwork. Foundations"

M. F. Sanchez-Barrero, P. Goloub, L. Blarel et al.

<p>The TRANSAMA campaign (Transit to AMARYLLIS-AMAGAS oceanographic cruise), conducted aboard the research vessel <i>Marion Dufresne II</i> assessed instrument performance and investigated aerosol properties during its transit from La Reunion Island to Barbados (April–May 2023). A set of remote sensing instruments, including two CE318-T Sun-sky-lunar photometers and a CE370 single-wavelength elastic lidar, was deployed under the MAP-IO (Marion Dufresne Atmospheric Program–Indian Ocean) framework. Performance assessments of the deployed instrumentation support the development of coupled lidar–photometer systems for shipborne atmospheric observations, while acknowledging current detection limits. Synergistic observations provided vertically resolved aerosol properties, such as extinction coefficients, alongside atmospheric structure, highlighting the marine boundary layer (MBL) top at 800 <span class="inline-formula">±</span> 300 m. While the photometer observations revealed clean atmospheric conditions over the South Atlantic (AOD<span class="inline-formula"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M2" display="inline" overflow="scroll" dspmath="mathml"><mrow><mfenced open="(" close=")"><mn mathvariant="normal">440</mn></mfenced><mo>=</mo><mn mathvariant="normal">0.08</mn><mo>±</mo><mn mathvariant="normal">0.04</mn></mrow></math><span><svg:svg xmlns:svg="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="94pt" height="12pt" class="svg-formula" dspmath="mathimg" md5hash="239f0b2457bf08de7a8e18fa3642d940"><svg:image xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="amt-19-507-2026-ie00001.svg" width="94pt" height="12pt" src="amt-19-507-2026-ie00001.png"/></svg:svg></span></span>), thin aerosol layers above the MBL were identified as long-range transported residual biomass-burning-urban aerosols from Southern Africa with effective LR of <span class="inline-formula">33±12</span> sr. Cloud layers covering a large range of altitudes (up to 16 km) were observed in 53 % of the lidar profiles, with a higher frequency at lower altitudes, where aerosol layers were more frequently detected. These findings emphasize the impact of continental aerosols on remote oceanic regions and demonstrate the capabilities of synergistic lidar–photometer measurements for advancing our understanding of aerosol variability, cloud formation, and climate processes over the oceans.</p>

Antonino Rotolo, Beatrice Ferrigno, Jose Miguel Angel Garcia Godinez et al.

This chapter introduces a conceptual framework for qualitative risk assessment of AI, particularly in the context of the EU AI Act. The framework addresses the complexities of legal compliance and fundamental rights protection by itegrating definitional balancing and defeasible reasoning. Definitional balancing employs proportionality analysis to resolve conflicts between competing rights, while defeasible reasoning accommodates the dynamic nature of legal decision-making. Our approach stresses the need for an analysis of AI deployment scenarios and for identifying potential legal violations and multi-layered impacts on fundamental rights. On the basis of this analysis, we provide philosophical foundations for a logical account of AI risk analysis. In particular, we consider the basic building blocks for conceptually grasping the interaction between AI deployment scenarios and fundamental rights, incorporating in defeasible reasoning definitional balancing and arguments about the contextual promotion or demotion of rights. This layered approach allows for more operative models of assessment of both high-risk AI systems and General Purpose AI (GPAI) systems, emphasizing the broader applicability of the latter. Future work aims to develop a formal model and effective algorithms to enhance AI risk assessment, bridging theoretical insights with practical applications to support responsible AI governance.

Christian Mancini, Guglielmo Maria Tino, Salvatore Capozziello

The so-called Geometric Trinity of Gravity includes General Relativity (GR), based on spacetime curvature; the Teleparallel Equivalent of GR (TEGR), which relies on spacetime torsion; and the Symmetric Teleparallel Equivalent of GR (STEGR), grounded in nonmetricity. Recent studies demonstrate that GR, TEGR, and STEGR are dynamically equivalent, raising questions about the fundamental structure of spacetime, the under-determination of these theories, and whether empirical distinctions among them are possible. The aim of this work is to show that they are equivalent in many features but not exactly in everything. In particular, their relationship with the Equivalence Principle (EP) is different. The EP is a deeply theory-laden assumption, which is assumed as fundamental in constructing GR, with significant implications for our understanding of spacetime. However, it introduces unresolved conceptual issues, including its impact on the nature of the metric and connection, its meaning at the quantum level, tensions with other fundamental interactions and new physics, and its role in dark matter and dark energy problems. In contrast, TEGR and STEGR recover the EP, in particular in its strong formulation, but do not rely on it as a foundational principle. The fact that GR, TEGR, and STEGR are equivalent in non-trivial predictions, but the EP is not necessary for TEGR and STEGR, suggests that it may not be a fundamental feature but an emergent one, potentially marking differences in the empirical content of the three theories. Thus, the developments within the Geometric Trinity framework challenge traditional assumptions about spacetime and may help to better understand some of the unresolved foundational difficulties related to the EP.

Remo Sasso, Michelangelo Conserva, Dominik Jeurissen et al.

Exploration in reinforcement learning (RL) remains challenging, particularly in sparse-reward settings. While foundation models possess strong semantic priors, their capabilities as zero-shot exploration agents in classic RL benchmarks are not well understood. We benchmark LLMs and VLMs on multi-armed bandits, Gridworlds, and sparse-reward Atari to test zero-shot exploration. Our investigation reveals a key limitation: while VLMs can infer high-level objectives from visual input, they consistently fail at precise low-level control: the "knowing-doing gap". To analyze a potential bridge for this gap, we investigate a simple on-policy hybrid framework in a controlled, best-case scenario. Our results in this idealized setting show that VLM guidance can significantly improve early-stage sample efficiency, providing a clear analysis of the potential and constraints of using foundation models to guide exploration rather than for end-to-end control.

Сергій Орищенко, Віктор Орищенко

Під час робочого процесу навантажувач перемішується на майже горизонтальних майданчиках, допустимий ухил яких. Розрахунок поздовжньої стійкості навантажувачів ведеться з умови перекидання вперед з урахуванням того, що деформуються пневматичні шини, якщо пневмоколісний хід. Кут додаткового нахилу навантажувача вперед внаслідок деформації опор визначається співвідношенням сили тяжкості навантажувача з вантажем жорсткість ґрунту під переднім та заднім котками гусеничного ходу або радіальна жорсткість передніх та задніх пневматичних шин навантажувача на пневмоколісному ході; відстань між центром ваги навантажувача та вертикальною віссю, що проходить через точку перекидання. Тому при розрахунку поздовжньої стійкості гусеничного та пневмоколісного навантажувачів. Найменший запас поздовжньої стійкості має навантажувач у разі руху під ухил з одночасним гальмуванням машини та робочого обладнання при його опусканні. Положення робочого обладнання відповідає максимальному вильоту.

G. P. Stiller, T. von Clarmann, N. Glatthor et al.

<p>The Michelson Interferometer for Passive Atmospheric Sounding (MIPAS) on Envisat provided infrared limb emission spectra, which were used to infer global distributions of CFC-11, CFC-12, and HCFC-22. Spectra were analysed using constrained non-linear least-squares fitting. Changes with respect to earlier data versions refer to the use of version 8 spectra, the altitude range where the background continuum is considered, details of the regularization and microwindow selection, and the occasional joint fitting of interfering species, the use of new spectroscopic data, the joint fit of a tangent-height-dependent spectral offset, and the use of 2D temperature fields. In the lower stratosphere the error budget is dominated by uncertainties in spectroscopic data, while above this measurement noise is the leading error source. The vertical resolution of CFC-11 and CFC-12 is 2–3 <span class="inline-formula">km</span> near the tropopause, about 4 <span class="inline-formula">km</span> at 30 <span class="inline-formula">km</span> altitude, and 6–10 <span class="inline-formula">km</span> at 50 <span class="inline-formula">km</span>. The vertical resolution of HCFC-22 is somewhat coarser, 3–4 <span class="inline-formula">km</span> at the tropopause and 10–12 <span class="inline-formula">km</span> at 35 <span class="inline-formula">km</span> altitude. In the altitude range of interest, the horizontal resolution is typically limited by the horizontal sampling of the measurements, not by the smearing of the retrievals. Horizontal information displacement does not exceed 150 <span class="inline-formula">km</span>, which can become an issue only for comparisons with model simulations with high horizontal resolution or localized in situ observations. Along with the regular data product, an alternative representation of the data on a coarser vertical grid is offered. These data can be used without consideration of the averaging kernels. The new data version provides improvement with respect to reduction of biases and improved consistency between the full- and reduced-resolution mission period of MIPAS.</p>

C. Zha, L. Bu, Z. Li et al.

<p>The Atmospheric Environment Monitoring Satellite (AEMS), also called Daqi-1 or DQ-1, was launched in April 2022; one of its main payloads is a high-spectral-resolution lidar (HSRL) system. This new system enables the accurate measurements of global aerosol optical properties, which can be used in the geoscientific community after the retirement of the Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observation (CALIPSO) satellite. Developing a suitable retrieval algorithm and validating retrieved results are necessary. This research demonstrates a retrieval algorithm for aerosol optical properties using the DQ-1 HSRL system. This method has retrieved the aerosol linear depolarization ratio, backscatter coefficient, extinction coefficient, and optical depth. For validation purposes, we compared retrieved results with those obtained through CALIPSO. The results indicate that the profiles of the two datasets are in good agreement, with DQ-1 showing an improved signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). Optical property profiles from National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Micro-Pulse Lidar Network (MPLNET) stations were selected for validation with the DQ-1 measurements, resulting in a relative error of 25 %. Between June 2022 and December 2022, aerosol optical depth measurements using the DQ-1 satellite and the AErosol RObotic NETwork (AERONET) were correlated and yielded a value of <span class="inline-formula"><i>R</i>²</span> equal to 0.803. We use the DQ-1 dataset to initially investigate the transport processes of the Saharan dust and the South Atlantic volcanic aerosols. These validations and applications show that the DQ-1 HSRL system can accurately measure global aerosols and has significant potential for Earth scientific applications.</p>

Oleksandr Diachenko, Maksym Delembovskyi, Kateryna Levchuk et al.

The production of concrete mixes, along with their use in the production of building materials and structures, is one of the key processes in the construction industry during the construction, restoration and repair of buildings and structures. Because of this, the need to create modern concrete mixing plants that will meet the requirements of minimum energy consumption and maximum productivity of concrete mixture production is an urgent task. Not only the main operations, which include the dosing of the components of the mixture and their mixing, but also the maintenance operations, namely operations that ensure the timely movement of the components of the concrete mixture from warehouses to the main technological equipment, affect the set rhythm of the concrete mixture production. Conveyors of various types and designs are used to move bulk materials, such as crushed stone and sand. For the rational selection of such equipment in accordance with the characteristics of the cargo to be transported, knowledge of the types of conveyors, their structures and parameters, understanding of operation issues and methods of parameter calculation are required. In addition, it is worth paying attention to the following parameters: maximum cargo transportation productivity, low energy consumption per unit of moved products, low metal content of the structure. The work reviewed the most common designs of conveyors used to move bulk materials in concrete mixing plants, analyzed the disadvantages and advantages of conveyors, as well as technical parameters. As a result, the predominant directions for the use of belt and plate conveyors at construction enterprises were determined. The advantages of belt conveyors, which contribute to their widespread distribution, are high productivity, simplicity of design, reliability, quiet operation, low specific power consumption. When choosing a conveyor, it is recommended to choose the equipment with the highest productivity and the lowest power of the drive motors, however, the performance should be clearly related to other technological equipment.

Fulin Chen, Binyong Sun, Chuyun Wang

This is the first paper in a series that studies smooth relative Lie algebra homologies and cohomologies based on the theory of formal manifolds and formal Lie groups. In this paper, we lay the foundations for this study by introducing the notion of formal manifolds in the context of differential geometry, inspired by the notion of formal schemes in algebraic geometry. We develop the basic theory for formal manifolds, and establish a fully faithful contravariant functor from the category of formal manifolds to the category of topological $\mathbb{C}$-algebras. We also prove the existence of finite products in the category of formal manifolds by studying vector-valued formal functions.

José Luiz Nunes, Guilherme F. C. F. Almeida, Marcelo de Araujo et al.

Large language models (LLMs) have taken centre stage in debates on Artificial Intelligence. Yet there remains a gap in how to assess LLMs' conformity to important human values. In this paper, we investigate whether state-of-the-art LLMs, GPT-4 and Claude 2.1 (Gemini Pro and LLAMA 2 did not generate valid results) are moral hypocrites. We employ two research instruments based on the Moral Foundations Theory: (i) the Moral Foundations Questionnaire (MFQ), which investigates which values are considered morally relevant in abstract moral judgements; and (ii) the Moral Foundations Vignettes (MFVs), which evaluate moral cognition in concrete scenarios related to each moral foundation. We characterise conflicts in values between these different abstractions of moral evaluation as hypocrisy. We found that both models displayed reasonable consistency within each instrument compared to humans, but they displayed contradictory and hypocritical behaviour when we compared the abstract values present in the MFQ to the evaluation of concrete moral violations of the MFV.

O. Schneising, M. Buchwitz, J. Hachmeister et al.

<p>The TROPOspheric Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI) on board the Sentinel-5 Precursor satellite enables the accurate determination of atmospheric methane (<span class="inline-formula">CH₄</span>) and carbon monoxide (<span class="inline-formula">CO</span>) abundances at high spatial resolution and global daily sampling. Due to its wide swath and sampling, the global distribution of both gases can be determined in unprecedented detail. The scientific retrieval algorithm Weighting Function Modified Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy (WFMD) has proven valuable in simultaneously retrieving the atmospheric column-averaged dry-air mole fractions <span class="inline-formula">XCH₄</span> and <span class="inline-formula">XCO</span> from TROPOMI's radiance measurements in the shortwave infrared (SWIR) spectral range.</p> <p>Here we present recent improvements of the algorithm which have been incorporated into the current version (v1.8) of the TROPOMI/WFMD product. This includes processing adjustments such as increasing the polynomial degree to 3 in the fitting procedure to better account for possible spectral albedo variations within the fitting window and updating the digital elevation model to minimise topography-related biases. In the post-processing, the machine-learning-based quality filter has been refined using additional data when training the random forest classifier to further reduce scenes with residual cloudiness that are incorrectly classified as good. In particular, the cloud filtering over the Arctic ocean is considerably improved. Furthermore, the machine learning calibration, addressing systematic errors due to simplifications in the forward model or instrumental issues, has been optimised. By including an additional feature associated with the fitted polynomial when training the corresponding random forest regressor, spectral albedo variations are better accounted for. To remove vertical stripes in the <span class="inline-formula">XCH₄</span> and <span class="inline-formula">XCO</span> data, an efficient orbit-wise destriping filter based on combined wavelet–Fourier filtering has been implemented, while optimally preserving the original spatial trace gas features. The temporal coverage of the data records has been extended to the end of April 2022, covering a total length of 4.5 years since the start of the mission, and will be further extended in the future.</p> <p>Validation with the ground-based Total Carbon Column Observing Network (TCCON) demonstrates that the implemented improvements reduce the pseudo-noise component of the products, resulting in an improved random error. The <span class="inline-formula">XCH₄</span> and <span class="inline-formula">XCO</span> products have similar spatial coverage from year to year including high latitudes and the oceans. The analysis of annual growth rates reveals accelerated growth of atmospheric methane during the covered period, in line with observations at marine surface sites of the Global Monitoring Division of NOAA's Earth System Research Laboratory, which reported consecutive annual record increases over the past 2 years of 2020 and 2021.</p>

Stefano Bellucci, Fabio Cardone

In this paper we give a contribution to the taxonomy of physical theories. We provide here a thorough description of the axiomatic foundations of the most relevant physical theories, Mechanics, Special Relativity, General Relativity, Quantum Mechanics. The corresponding interactions will be dealt with as well, i.e. Gravity in the Minkowskian limit, Electricity without quantized energy, Gravity without quantized energy, Electricity with quantized energy. We pose the problem if the extension of the principle of solidarity to all interactions can impose to consider all variables as dynamic.

Yang Tian, Zeren Tan, Hedong Hou et al.

Criticality is hypothesized as a physical mechanism underlying efficient transitions between cortical states and remarkable information processing capacities in the brain. While considerable evidence generally supports this hypothesis, non-negligible controversies persist regarding the ubiquity of criticality in neural dynamics and its role in information processing. Validity issues frequently arise during identifying potential brain criticality from empirical data. Moreover, the functional benefits implied by brain criticality are frequently misconceived or unduly generalized. These problems stem from the non-triviality and immaturity of the physical theories that analytically derive brain criticality and the statistic techniques that estimate brain criticality from empirical data. To help solve these problems, we present a systematic review and reformulate the foundations of studying brain criticality, i.e., ordinary criticality (OC), quasi-criticality (qC), self-organized criticality (SOC), and self-organized quasi-criticality (SOqC), using the terminology of neuroscience. We offer accessible explanations of the physical theories and statistic techniques of brain criticality, providing step-by-step derivations to characterize neural dynamics as a physical system with avalanches. We summarize error-prone details and existing limitations in brain criticality analysis and suggest possible solutions. Moreover, we present a forward-looking perspective on how optimizing the foundations of studying brain criticality can deepen our understanding of various neuroscience questions.

Inge S. Helland

The final version of a new approach to quantum theory is formulated in this paper. The basis is taken to be theoretical variables, variables that may be accessible or inaccessible, i.e., it may be possible or impossible for an observer to assign arbitrarily sharp numerical values to them. In an epistemic process, the accessible variables are just ideal observations connected to an observer or to some communicating observers. Group actions are defined on these variables, and group representation theory is the basis for developing the Hilbert space formalism here. Operators corresponding to accessible theoretical variables are derived, and in the finite-dimensional case, it is proved that the possible physical values are the eigenvalues of these operators. The focus of the paper is some mathematical theorems paving the ground for the proposed foundation of quantum theory. It is indicated here that the groups and transformations needed in this approach can be constructed explicitly in the case where the accessible variables are finite-dimensional. In case, this simplifies the theory considerably: To reproduce the Hilbert space formulation, it is enough to assume the existence of two complementary variables. What is new in this version of the article, is that the assumptions given behind the main theorems are simplified considerably, and that all proofs are given explicitly or refered to in other recent papers.

J. Wu, J. Wu, C. Yang et al.

<p>Excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the human body is an important factor leading to diseases. Therefore, research on the content of reactive oxygen species in atmospheric particles is necessary. In recent years, the online detection technology of ROS has been developed. However, there are few technical studies on online detection of ROS based on the dithiothreitol (DTT) method. Here, to modify the instrument, a DTT experimental module is added that is protected from light and filled with nitrogen at the end based on the Monitor for AeRosols and Gases in ambient Air (MARGA). The experimental study found that the detection limit of the modified instrument is 0.024 nmol min<span class="inline-formula">⁻¹</span>. The DTT consumption rate of blank sample (ultrapure water) is reduced by 44 %, which eliminates the influence of outside air and light in the experiment. And the accuracy of the online instrument is determined by comparing the online and offline levels of the samples, which yielded good consistency (slope 0.97, <span class="inline-formula"><i>R</i>²=0.95</span>). It shows that the performance of the instrument is indeed optimized, the instrument is stable, and the characterization of ROS is accurate. The instrument not only realizes online detection conveniently and quickly, but also achieves the hour-by-hour detection of ROS based on the DTT method. Meanwhile, reactive oxygen and inorganic ions in atmospheric particles are quantified using the online technique in the northern suburbs of Nanjing. It is found that the content of ROS during the day is higher than that at night, especially after it rains; ROS peaks appear in the two time periods of 08:00–10:00 and 16:00–18:00 (China Standard Time, UTC<span class="inline-formula">+</span>8:00; expressed here in local time – LT). In addition, examination of the online ROS, water-soluble ion (<span class="inline-formula"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M4" display="inline" overflow="scroll" dspmath="mathml"><mrow class="chem"><msubsup><mi mathvariant="normal">SO</mi><mn mathvariant="normal">4</mn><mrow><mn mathvariant="normal">2</mn><mo>-</mo></mrow></msubsup></mrow></math><span><svg:svg xmlns:svg="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="29pt" height="17pt" class="svg-formula" dspmath="mathimg" md5hash="544235742d8f4a0f97153436b699bab8"><svg:image xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="amt-15-2623-2022-ie00001.svg" width="29pt" height="17pt" src="amt-15-2623-2022-ie00001.png"/></svg:svg></span></span>, <span class="inline-formula"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M5" display="inline" overflow="scroll" dspmath="mathml"><mrow class="chem"><msubsup><mi mathvariant="normal">NO</mi><mn mathvariant="normal">3</mn><mo>-</mo></msubsup></mrow></math><span><svg:svg xmlns:svg="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="25pt" height="16pt" class="svg-formula" dspmath="mathimg" md5hash="91b2e19ca239409a7665981c17575147"><svg:image xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="amt-15-2623-2022-ie00002.svg" width="25pt" height="16pt" src="amt-15-2623-2022-ie00002.png"/></svg:svg></span></span>, <span class="inline-formula"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M6" display="inline" overflow="scroll" dspmath="mathml"><mrow class="chem"><msubsup><mi mathvariant="normal">NH</mi><mn mathvariant="normal">4</mn><mo>+</mo></msubsup></mrow></math><span><svg:svg xmlns:svg="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24pt" height="15pt" class="svg-formula" dspmath="mathimg" md5hash="6ca56caa63735c5009fe6b299c1a126b"><svg:image xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="amt-15-2623-2022-ie00003.svg" width="24pt" height="15pt" src="amt-15-2623-2022-ie00003.png"/></svg:svg></span></span>, <span class="inline-formula">Na⁺</span>, <span class="inline-formula">Ca²⁺</span>, <span class="inline-formula">K⁺</span>), BC, and polluting gas (<span class="inline-formula">SO₂</span>, CO, <span class="inline-formula">O₃</span>, NO, <span class="inline-formula">NO_<i>x</i></span>) measurements revealed that photo-oxidation and secondary formation processes could be important sources of aerosol ROS. This breakthrough enables the quantitative assessment of atmospheric particulate matter ROS at the diurnal scale, providing an effective tool to study sources and environmental impacts of ROS.</p>

Yuriy Abrashkevich, Mykola Prystaylo, Andriy Polishchuk

Собівартість абразивної різки в основному визначається зносостійкості абразивного круга, що складається з абразивного зерна, наповнювача, фенольного сполучного і склосітки. У зв'язку з тим, що в процесі різання в результаті підсумовування теплових імпульсів від ріжучих зерен, які перебувають на ріжучій кромці круга, виділяють значну кількість тепла, в зоні різання досягаються великі значення температури. Тим часом добре відомо, що фенольна сполучна володіє низькою теплостійкістю, вона руйнується при температурі 520-570 °К, тому характер теплових процесів, що протікають при абразивному різанні, визначає і температуру в крузі і, відповідно, швидкість його зносу. В ідеалі, звичайно, швидкість теплового руйнування зв'язки повинна корелювати зі швидкістю механічного руйнування абразивних зерен з тим, щоб різання здійснювалося лише гострими, неспрацьовану зернами, при цьому усуватися з ріжучої кромки повинні лише тупі зерна. Оскільки швидкість стирання абразивних зерен різна для різних оброблюваних матеріалів, то й характеристики зв'язуючих повинні бути в залежності від виду оброблюваного матеріалу, тобто необхідно створювати абразивні круги для різки різних матеріалів. На практиці ж випускаються абразивні круги без особливого урахування особливостей розрізає мого матеріалу, що в значній мірі пояснюється неясністю характеру теплових процесів в абразивних армованих кругах і технологічними складнощами, пов'язаними зі зміною теплофізичних властивостей кругів.

A. Ebid, K. Onyelowe, E. E. Arinze

Numerical and computational analyses surrounding the behavior of the bearing capacity of soils near or adjacent to slopes have been of great importance in earthwork constructions around the globe due to its unique nature. This phenomenon is encountered on pavement vertical curves, drainages, and vertical infrastructure foundations. In this work, multiple data were collected on the soil and footing interface parameters, which included width of footing, depth of foundation, distance of slope from the footing edge, soil bulk density, slope and frictional angles, and bearing capacity factors of cohesion and overburden pressure determined for the case of a foundation on or adjacent to a slope. The genetic programming (GP), evolutionary polynomial regression (EPR), and artificial neural network (ANN) intelligent techniques were employed to predict the ultimate bearing capacity of footing on or adjacent to a slope. The performance of the models was evaluated as well as compared their accuracy and robustness with the findings of Prandtl. The results were observed to show the superiority of GP, EPR, and ANN techniques over the computational works of Prandtl. In addition, the ANN outclassed the other artificial intelligence methods in the exercise.

Mykhailo Sukach

З 19 по 20 травня у Київському національному університеті будівництва і архітектури проведено VII міжнародну науково-практичну конференцію «Transfer of Innovative Technologies 2021». На ній були представлені креативні ідеї, інноваційні проекти й практичні розробки в галузях будівництва, архітектури, розв’язання нагальних проблем інженерії й проектування об’єктів, захисту навколишнього середовища, сучасні тенденції в інформаційних технологіях та ін. На конференції, яка відбувалась в режимі відеоконференцзв’язку, прийняли участь вітчизняні науковці, викладачі та студенти навчальних закладів, представники виробництв, відомі фахівці країн світу. Усього подано 128 заявок від півтори сотні учасників, у тому числі 15 іноземних з Австралії, Польщі, Словаччини, США, Казахстану, Німеччини, Китаю. Конкурсна комісія визначила кращі роботи в номінаціях: Презентація, Інноваційний проект, Публікація, відзначила Дипломами преможців 2021 року. Учасники отримали Сертифікати, а найактивніші − Подяки за проведену роботу, міжнародні наукові зв’язки та організаційну підтримку форуму. В Збірнику матеріалів конференції (онлайн) та в журналі «Transfer of Innovative Technologies», Vol.4, No.1 опубліковано препринт статті, а презентації учасників – на сайті конференції. Кращі роботи рекомендовано до публікації в міжнародних наукових журналах Transfer of Innovative Technologies, Підводні технології: промислова та цивільна інженерія. Прийнято рішення щодо підготовки й проведення наступного форуму в 2022 році, залучення до інноваційної діяльності креативних учасників та нових установ, подальшої інтеграції у світовий науковий простір. Оргкомітет дякує всім за представлені матеріали та впровадження інноваційних технологій у життя!

R. E. Hill-Pearce, A. Hillier, E. Mussell Webber et al.

<p>The precise measurement of the amount fraction of atmospheric nitrous oxide (N<span class="inline-formula">₂</span>O) is required to understand global emission trends. Analysis of the site-specific stable isotopic composition of N<span class="inline-formula">₂</span>O provides a means to differentiate emission sources. The availability of accurate reference materials of known N<span class="inline-formula">₂</span>O amount fractions and isotopic composition is critical for achieving these goals. We present the development of nitrous oxide gas reference materials for underpinning measurements of atmospheric composition and isotope ratio. Uncertainties target the World Metrological Organisation Global Atmosphere Watch (WMO-GAW) compatibility goal of 0.1 nmol mol<span class="inline-formula">⁻¹</span> and extended compatibility goal of 0.3 nmol mol<span class="inline-formula">⁻¹</span>, for atmospheric N<span class="inline-formula">₂</span>O measurements in an amount fraction range of 325–335 nmol mol<span class="inline-formula">⁻¹</span>. We also demonstrate the stability of amount fraction and isotope ratio of these reference materials and present a characterisation study of the cavity ring-down spectrometer used for analysis of the reference materials.</p>

Russell B. Thompson

The Feynman quantum-classical isomorphism between classical statistical mechanics in 3+1 dimensions and quantum statistical mechanics in 3 dimensions is used to connect classical polymer self-consistent field theory with quantum time-dependent density functional theory. This allows the theorems of density functional theory to relate non-relativistic quantum mechanics back to a classical statistical mechanical derivation of polymer self-consistent field theory for ring polymers in a 4 dimensional thermal-space. One dynamic postulate is added to two static postulates which allows for a complete description of quantum physics from a 5 dimensional thermal-space-time ensemble perspective which also removes the measurement problem. In the classical limit, a cylinder condition naturally arises as the thermal dimension becomes irrelevant, providing a justification for using 5 dimensions and a cylinder condition in general relativity, which is known to produce 4 dimensional space-time gravity and Maxwell's equations. Thus, in this approach, the postulates of electromagnetism become derived results of a special case of a ring polymer interpretation of quantum foundations.