Hasil untuk "Descriptive and experimental mechanics"

Sathia Devi Thulasy, Nur Ainil Sulaiman

Many Malaysian Form 6 ESL students struggle to achieve the MUET Writing Paper standards, especially in linguistic correctness, lexical range, and grammatical control. Addressing this issue, the current study looked into the efficacy of incorporating artificial intelligence (AI) writing tools to improve students' writing skills. The study, which was based on the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) and Constructivist learning theory, looked at how AI-supported writing instruction helps learners engage and develop knowledge. A quantitative quasi-experimental approach was used with 16 Lower Six ESL pupils at a Malaysian secondary school. Over the course of a six-week intervention, students conducted guided MUET-style writing activities with AI writing tools. Pre- and post-test writings were graded using an analytical rubric that corresponded to MUET descriptors for vocabulary, grammar, and mechanics. Performance differences were measured using descriptive and inferential techniques. The findings demonstrated considerable improvements in all writing components, with vocabulary showing the biggest increase, followed by grammar and mechanics. These findings show that AI systems may efficiently scaffold linguistic accuracy and lexical development using instant feedback and iterative revision. The study emphasizes the pedagogical potential of AI-assisted instruction in improving MUET-oriented writing performance and advocates for its incorporation into post-secondary ESL curriculum.

Kittipong Chinsook, Thada Jantakoon

This study aimed to develop and validate the Gamified Imagineering Learning Model within the Metaverse to enhance creative thinking among undergraduate students. Grounded in constructivist and experiential learning theories, the model integrates imagineering processes with gamification mechanics to create immersive and motivational learning experiences in a metaverse environment. A quasi-experimental design was conducted with 45 undergraduate students enrolled in an Information Technology for Life course at Rajabhat Mahasarakham University in Thailand. The participants were divided into an experimental group (n = 23) that learned through the gamified imagineering model and a control group (n = 22) that received traditional instruction. The research instruments included a Creative Thinking Assessment Form and a Learner Satisfaction Questionnaire. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, paired-sample t-tests, and independent-sample t-tests. Results indicated that the experimental group achieved significantly higher creative-thinking scores covering fluency, flexibility, originality, and elaboration than the control group (p < .05). Learners also expressed high satisfaction with engagement and collaboration in the metaverse environment. The validated model effectively promotes creative thinking and provides a practical pedagogical framework for fostering innovation and 21st-century competencies in digital education.

Vercelly Hot Taruli Manik, Selviana Napitupulu

Writing is a crucial yet challenging skill for English as a Foreign Language (EFL) learners. Many Indonesian students experience difficulties in organizing ideas, applying correct tenses, and producing coherent paragraphs, particularly in writing recount texts. This study aimed to examine the effect of Project-Based Learning (PBL) on ninth-grade students’ ability to write recount texts at SMP Negeri 1 Pematangsiantar. The research used a pre-experimental design with a one-group pretest–posttest model involving 31 students. A writing test was administered as the instrument, assessing five aspects: content, organization, grammar, vocabulary, and mechanics. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics by comparing mean scores from the pre-test and post-test. The findings revealed a significant improvement in students’ writing performance, with the mean score increasing from 63.0 to 79.0, representing a 16-point (25.4%) gain. Notable improvement occurred in content and organization, indicating clearer idea development and better text structure. The study concludes that Project-Based Learning effectively enhances students’ engagement, creativity, and writing competence in EFL classrooms.

Esra Delima Hutabarat, Selviana Napitupulu

Writing is an essential skill in English learning that requires accuracy, coherence, and appropriate language use. However, many junior high school students experience difficulties in selecting suitable language when writing recount texts. This study aimed to examine the effect of ChatGPT on students’ language choice in writing recount texts at the eighth grade of SMP Negeri 1 Pematangsiantar. A quantitative approach with a pre-experimental one-group pre-test and post-test design was employed. The sample consisted of 24 students selected through purposive sampling. A writing test was administered to assess students’ language choice focusing on vocabulary use, grammatical accuracy, sentence structure, and mechanics. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and a paired-sample t-test. The findings revealed that the mean score increased from 52.92 in the pre-test to 86.75 in the post-test, with a mean difference of 33.83 points. The t-test result showed a statistically significant improvement after the use of ChatGPT. Therefore, it can be concluded that ChatGPT has a positive effect on students’ language choice in writing recount texts. Keywords: ChatGPT, Language Choice, Recount Text, Writing Skill

Delsa Miranty, U. Widiati, Bambang Yudi Cahyono et al.

This research investigates the efficacy of Grammarly as an application and teacher feedback in enhancing the writing skills of Indonesian undergraduate EFL students. The Switching Replication Design encompasses 78 first-year students enrolled in a writing course. The study examines the impact of these feedback methods on writing, skill enhancement, and student responses. Data is gathered via pre-and post-tests and a closed-ended questionnaire and analyzed using One-Way ANCOVA and descriptive statistics in SPSS 20. Research shows that Grammarly, when combined with teacher feedback, enhances diction, language usage, and mechanics and from teacher feedback has more effect on content and organization. The initial experimental group surpasses the second, attaining a moderate N-Gain score. Students react favorably to both feedback modalities, with Grammarly commended for its automated recommendations. The research concludes that integrating Grammarly and teacher feedback significantly improves writing skills, particularly in diction, language usage, mechanics, content, and organization.

Martha Fernanda Mohedano-Castillo, Carlos Díaz-Delgado, Boris Miguel López-Rebollar et al.

Micro-hydropower technologies are increasingly attracting attention due to their potential to contribute to sustainable energy generation. With the growing global demand for electricity, it is essential to research and innovate in the development of devices capable of harnessing hydroelectric potential through such technologies. In this context, the Archimedes screw generator (ASG) stands out as a device that potentially offers significant advantages for micro-hydropower generation. This study aimed, through a simplified yet effective method, to analyze and determine the simultaneous effects of the number of blades, inclination angle, and flow rate on the torque, mechanical power, and efficiency of an ASG. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) was employed to obtain the torque and perform the hydrodynamic analysis of the devices, in order to compare the results of the optimal geometric and operational characteristics with previous studies. This proposal also helps guide future work in the preliminary design and evaluation of ASGs, considering the geometric and flow conditions that take full advantage of the available water resources. Under the specific conditions analyzed, the most efficient generator featured three blades, a 20° inclination, and an inlet flow rate of 24.5 L/s, achieving a mechanical power output of 117 W with an efficiency of 71%.

Stefan Heinz

The Terra Incognita (or gray-zone) problem seen in atmospheric flow simulations causes serious consequences: it implies, e.g., significantly incorrect flow predictions and results that often simply depend on flow simulation settings as the computational grid applied. There is definitely the need for a robust gray-zone modeling to ensure that research and technology decisions are based on reliable results. As a matter of fact, solution approaches to deal with this problem in atmospheric and engineering type simulations reveal remarkable differences. In contrast to atmospheric flow simulations, there exists a broad spectrum of solution concepts for engineering applications. Driven by these conceptual differences, the paper presents an analysis of the Terra Incognita problem and corresponding solution concepts. Specifically, the paper presents a modeling approach that overcomes the core problem of currently applied methods. A new method of providing a resolution-aware turbulence length scale (one of the major problems in atmospheric flow simulations) is presented. This approach is capable of seamlessly covering the full range of microscale to mesoscale simulations, and to appropriately deal with mesoscale to microscale couplings.

Carlis Mega Nurminawati, Wahyu Sukartiningsih, Nurul Istiq’faroh

This study was conducted to address the low procedure writing skills of Grade V elementary school students, which were caused by monotonous learning media and insufficient integration of local cultural contexts in the teaching process. This research aimed to examine the effect of Refrigerator Box learning media based on an ethnopedagogical approach on improving students’ procedure writing skills. The study employed a quasi-experimental design involving two intact groups: an experimental group and a control group, each consisting of 14 students from SDN Sawunggaling I/382 Surabaya. Data were collected through pretest and posttest procedure writing assessments evaluated using an analytic rubric covering content, organization, clarity of steps, procedural vocabulary, and writing mechanics. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, normality and homogeneity tests, paired-samples t-test, and independent-samples t-test. The results indicated that the experimental group experienced a significantly higher increase in writing scores compared to the control group, with a mean gain of 19.07 points versus 7.57 points. Statistical testing confirmed that this difference was highly significant with a very large effect size, demonstrating the strong effectiveness of the ethnopedagogical-based Refrigerator Box media. It can be concluded that the integration of culturally contextualized visual media significantly enhances students’ ability to write structured and coherent procedure texts, while also promoting meaningful and engaging learning experiences.

Dewi Sartikawati, Abdul Wahab, Ria Hendriani

This research examines the effectiveness of English short story creation as a method to enhance students’ writing skills. Conducted at MA Al-Ma’arif Bonder with a sample of 16 tenth-grade students, the research employed a pre-experimental one-group pre-test and post-test design. Writing skills were assessed based on five aspects: ideas/content, structure, vocabulary, grammar, and mechanics. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and a paired sample t-test with SPSS 25. Results revealed significant improvement in students’ writing performance, with the mean score increasing from 56.8 in the pre-test to 75.3 in the post-test. The paired sample t-test produced a significance value of 0.000, indicating a positive effect of short story writing on students’ writing proficiency. This suggests that integrating creative writing activities into English instruction can foster students’ language development, motivation, and creativity.

Laurentina Hernández de Ávila, Edith Margot Melendez Lopez, Luis Horacio Salas Torres

Share in clients, being a reliable supplier, lower insurance costs, and delayed loads. This research was carried out at the Automotive – Metal Mechanics company in northern Mexico, the study focused on the optimization of security programs in the international supply chain, commercial partners in the supply chain (Transporters, Customs Agents, Suppliers and Clients) who obtained security certifications in the C-TPAT (Customers Trade Partnership Against Terrorism) and AEO (Authorized Economic Operator) programs were analyzed; the objective was to develop an optimization proposal in the supply chain based on the benefits of certification. The methodological process is quantitative, non-experimental, and descriptive through a Google forms survey on a Likert scale, obtaining results of lower logistics and audit costs, organizational commitment, and increased competitiveness. In conclusion, the Automotive company obtained a greater market

Nurul Anjarwati, Suvi Akhiriyah

This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of using social media videos (YouTube, Instagram, and TikTok) in improving students' writing performance in procedure texts. Utilizing a quantitative quasi-experimental design, the research involved two groups of ninth-grade beginner-level EFL students at a junior high school in Surabaya: an experimental group taught with social media videos and a control group taught through conventional methods. Data was collected through pre-tests and post-tests, and analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-tests, and effect size calculations. The independent t-test results indicated a significant difference between the experimental group and control group in writing performance (p = 0.000) with a modest effect (0.448). The experimental group experienced notable improvements across key aspects of writing, with gains of 5.77 points in content, 4.67 in organization, 4.27 in grammar, 1.20 in style, and 0.33 in mechanics from pre-test to post-test. The findings support the integration of social media videos as engaging instructional tools that enhance students’ understanding of procedure texts and foster better writing outcomes. The study concludes that social media videos can serve as effective media for developing students’ writing skills in the EFL context, making learning more relatable and dynamic.

Agung Yon, Mochamad Sidqon, Anton Breva Yunanda et al.

Abstract. This study evaluates the effectiveness of a robotics learning approach starting with practical electronics, analog robot design, and basic mechanics in enhancing elementary school students' interest in learning. The research also explores how students’ economic backgrounds influence their enthusiasm for robotics education. The subjects were 25 fifth-grade students from SDN Margorejo 1 Surabaya, selected based on specific criteria, including middle-income family backgrounds. The quasi-experimental research design included pre-test and post-test stages. Activities comprised four phases: introduction to practical electronics, simple analog robot design, basic robotics mechanics training, and robot integration and testing. Data were collected through questionnaires, observations, interviews, and project assessments. Descriptive analysis and non-parametric statistical tests measured changes in students’ interest, while qualitative methods examined economic factors affecting enthusiasm. Results revealed a 23% average increase in students’ interest in robotics. Additionally, 88% of students successfully built simple robots demonstrating creativity and functionality. Students from middle-income families maintained high enthusiasm, showing that economic constraints did not significantly hinder participation. This integrated approach effectively fosters technological interest, aligns with STEM concepts, and prepares students for technology-driven challenges. The study contributes practically and theoretically to robotics learning models for elementary education. Keywords: Robotics, Practical Electronics, Learning Interest, Elementary School, Middle-Income Economy, STEM

Сергій Орищенко, Віктор Орищенко

Під час робочого процесу навантажувач перемішується на майже горизонтальних майданчиках, допустимий ухил яких. Розрахунок поздовжньої стійкості навантажувачів ведеться з умови перекидання вперед з урахуванням того, що деформуються пневматичні шини, якщо пневмоколісний хід. Кут додаткового нахилу навантажувача вперед внаслідок деформації опор визначається співвідношенням сили тяжкості навантажувача з вантажем жорсткість ґрунту під переднім та заднім котками гусеничного ходу або радіальна жорсткість передніх та задніх пневматичних шин навантажувача на пневмоколісному ході; відстань між центром ваги навантажувача та вертикальною віссю, що проходить через точку перекидання. Тому при розрахунку поздовжньої стійкості гусеничного та пневмоколісного навантажувачів. Найменший запас поздовжньої стійкості має навантажувач у разі руху під ухил з одночасним гальмуванням машини та робочого обладнання при його опусканні. Положення робочого обладнання відповідає максимальному вильоту.

Milos Petrovic, Dimitrije Cabarkapa, Jelena Aleksic et al.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate differences in countermovement jump (CMJ) force–time metrics between male and female youth basketball players. Methods: Twenty-two female and seventeen male basketball players (ages 12–16) performed CMJs on a portable force plate system (VALD Performance). The data collected were analyzed for differences in force–time characteristics, specifically during the concentric and eccentric phases of the CMJ. Results: The results showed no statistically significant differences in anthropometric characteristics between the sexes. However, male athletes demonstrated better performance in several force–time metrics during the concentric phase of the CMJ, including concentric impulse, peak velocity, and mean power, ultimately leading to higher vertical jump heights. Sex-specific differences in the eccentric phase were less pronounced, though males exhibited greater relative eccentric mean power. Conclusions: The findings suggest that male players tend to display greater force and power-producing capabilities during the propulsive (concentric) phase of the CMJ. These differences highlight the importance of tailoring training programs to address specific needs, particularly focusing on enhancing concentric force and power production in female basketball players.

Oleksandr Diachenko, Maksym Delembovskyi, Kateryna Levchuk et al.

The production of concrete mixes, along with their use in the production of building materials and structures, is one of the key processes in the construction industry during the construction, restoration and repair of buildings and structures. Because of this, the need to create modern concrete mixing plants that will meet the requirements of minimum energy consumption and maximum productivity of concrete mixture production is an urgent task. Not only the main operations, which include the dosing of the components of the mixture and their mixing, but also the maintenance operations, namely operations that ensure the timely movement of the components of the concrete mixture from warehouses to the main technological equipment, affect the set rhythm of the concrete mixture production. Conveyors of various types and designs are used to move bulk materials, such as crushed stone and sand. For the rational selection of such equipment in accordance with the characteristics of the cargo to be transported, knowledge of the types of conveyors, their structures and parameters, understanding of operation issues and methods of parameter calculation are required. In addition, it is worth paying attention to the following parameters: maximum cargo transportation productivity, low energy consumption per unit of moved products, low metal content of the structure. The work reviewed the most common designs of conveyors used to move bulk materials in concrete mixing plants, analyzed the disadvantages and advantages of conveyors, as well as technical parameters. As a result, the predominant directions for the use of belt and plate conveyors at construction enterprises were determined. The advantages of belt conveyors, which contribute to their widespread distribution, are high productivity, simplicity of design, reliability, quiet operation, low specific power consumption. When choosing a conveyor, it is recommended to choose the equipment with the highest productivity and the lowest power of the drive motors, however, the performance should be clearly related to other technological equipment.

William Charpentier Jiménez

This article paper explores the evaluation of artificial intelligence (AI) in English as a Foreign Language (EFL) writing courses and the importance of calibration in writing evaluations. The role of calibration has received little attention in language contexts, while the role of artificial intelligence has gained increased attention in the last couple of years. This investigation, conducted from August 2022 to March 2023, involved eight TESOL students enrolled in an English as a Foreign Language (EFL) major at a Costa Rican public university, ten TESOL university professors, and one AI piece of software. It used a quantitative, quasi-experimental design, and a language elicitation data collection process. Data was collected by means of a rubric-based writing assessment. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Data analyses indicate that: 1) human-created paragraphs (X̄ = 7,56) and AI writing (X̄ = 7,61) yield similar results when evaluated; 2) some criteria may favor human creativity or computer, rule-oriented writing; and 3) professors’ ratings reveal inconsistencies when grading human writing in particular. These findings demonstrate that AI matches, at least to a basic level, human writing skills. Furthermore, data show that students may be falling behind in aspects such as grammar, vocabulary, and mechanics. Finally, the analysis indicates that professors’ grading lacks consistency, and a calibration model should be incorporated as part of regular training workshops.

Stefan Konigorski, Mathias Ried-Larsen, Christopher H Schmid

Traditionally, studies in experimental physiology have been conducted in small groups of human participants, animal models or cell lines. Identifying optimal study designs that achieve sufficient power for drawing proper statistical inferences to detect group level effects with small sample sizes has been challenging. Moreover, average effects derived from traditional group-level inference do not necessarily apply to individual participants. Here, we introduce N-of-1 trials as an innovative study design that can be used to draw valid statistical inference about the effects of interventions on individual participants and can be aggregated across multiple study participants to provide population-level inferences more efficiently than standard group randomized trials. N-of-1 trials have been used since the late 1980s, but without large-scale adoption and with few applications in experimental physiology research settings. In this manuscript, we introduce the key components and design features of N-of-1 trials, describe statistical analysis and interpretations of the results, and describe some available digital tools to facilitate their use using examples from experimental physiology.

Hayder Salem, Adel Mohammedredha, Abdullah Alawadhi

Nowadays, wind energy is one of the most cost-effective and environmentally friendly energies in high demand due to shortages in fossil fuels and the necessity to reduce global carbon footprint. One of the main goals of wind turbine development is to increase the power output of the turbine either by increasing the turbine blade swept area or increasing the velocity of the wind. In this article, a proprietary augmentation system was introduced to increase the power output of vertical axis wind turbines (VAWT) by increasing the free stream velocity to more than two folds. The system comprises two identical airfoiled casings within which the turbine/turbines are seated. The results showed that the velocity slightly increases when decreasing the gap between the casing. It was also found that changing the angle of attack of the housing has more impact on the augmented airspeed. CFD technique was used to assess the velocity and flow of air around the system.

Rim Elfahem, Bastien Bouchet, Boussad Abbes et al.

This study aims to investigate the impact of body heat loss on the thermal and aerodynamic conditions in a whole-body cryotherapy chamber. The underlying hypothesis is that the heat generated by the human body alters the thermal and aerodynamic environment inside the cabin. A numerical study was conducted to test this hypothesis and analyze the thermodynamic exchanges between the human body and the cabin during a 3 min whole-body cryotherapy session. The computational fluid dynamics (CFD) approach was used to study the unsteady heat transfer between the human body and the interior of the cryotherapy cabin. A thermal boundary condition, based on a mathematical model developed from experimental data, was applied to simulate skin cooling kinetics over time. The post-processing of the 3D results, including temperature, velocity fields, and thermal flux maps at the body surface, provided insight into the thermo-convective mechanisms involved in a whole-body cryotherapy session. The study found that body heat loss significantly affects the temperature fields inside the cabin, leading to global modifications of the aeraulic and thermal conditions. These findings suggest that cryotherapy protocols may need to be adjusted or the cabin set temperature optimized to enhance the therapeutic benefits.

Huy T. Q. Phan, Duc M. Bui, Cong T. Than et al.

Fractals are ubiquitous natural emergences that have gained increased attention in engineering applications, thanks to recent technological advancements enabling the fabrication of structures spanning across many spatial scales. We show how the geometries of fractals can be exploited to determine their important mechanical properties, such as the first and second moments, which physically correspond to the center of mass and the moment of inertia, using a family of complex fractals known as the dragons.