Improving Procedure Writing Skills in Grade V Elementary School: A Study Using Comic Learning Media Based on the Ethnopedagogical Approach to Surabaya's Typical Food "Lontong Balap"

This study was conducted to address the low procedure writing skills of Grade V elementary school students, which were caused by monotonous learning media and insufficient integration of local cultural contexts in the teaching process. This research aimed to examine the effect of Refrigerator Box learning media based on an ethnopedagogical approach on improving students’ procedure writing skills. The study employed a quasi-experimental design involving two intact groups: an experimental group and a control group, each consisting of 14 students from SDN Sawunggaling I/382 Surabaya. Data were collected through pretest and posttest procedure writing assessments evaluated using an analytic rubric covering content, organization, clarity of steps, procedural vocabulary, and writing mechanics. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, normality and homogeneity tests, paired-samples t-test, and independent-samples t-test. The results indicated that the experimental group experienced a significantly higher increase in writing scores compared to the control group, with a mean gain of 19.07 points versus 7.57 points. Statistical testing confirmed that this difference was highly significant with a very large effect size, demonstrating the strong effectiveness of the ethnopedagogical-based Refrigerator Box media. It can be concluded that the integration of culturally contextualized visual media significantly enhances students’ ability to write structured and coherent procedure texts, while also promoting meaningful and engaging learning experiences.