Hasil untuk "1789-"

G. P. Stiller, T. von Clarmann, N. Glatthor et al.

<p>The Michelson Interferometer for Passive Atmospheric Sounding (MIPAS) on Envisat provided infrared limb emission spectra, which were used to infer global distributions of CFC-11, CFC-12, and HCFC-22. Spectra were analysed using constrained non-linear least-squares fitting. Changes with respect to earlier data versions refer to the use of version 8 spectra, the altitude range where the background continuum is considered, details of the regularization and microwindow selection, and the occasional joint fitting of interfering species, the use of new spectroscopic data, the joint fit of a tangent-height-dependent spectral offset, and the use of 2D temperature fields. In the lower stratosphere the error budget is dominated by uncertainties in spectroscopic data, while above this measurement noise is the leading error source. The vertical resolution of CFC-11 and CFC-12 is 2–3 <span class="inline-formula">km</span> near the tropopause, about 4 <span class="inline-formula">km</span> at 30 <span class="inline-formula">km</span> altitude, and 6–10 <span class="inline-formula">km</span> at 50 <span class="inline-formula">km</span>. The vertical resolution of HCFC-22 is somewhat coarser, 3–4 <span class="inline-formula">km</span> at the tropopause and 10–12 <span class="inline-formula">km</span> at 35 <span class="inline-formula">km</span> altitude. In the altitude range of interest, the horizontal resolution is typically limited by the horizontal sampling of the measurements, not by the smearing of the retrievals. Horizontal information displacement does not exceed 150 <span class="inline-formula">km</span>, which can become an issue only for comparisons with model simulations with high horizontal resolution or localized in situ observations. Along with the regular data product, an alternative representation of the data on a coarser vertical grid is offered. These data can be used without consideration of the averaging kernels. The new data version provides improvement with respect to reduction of biases and improved consistency between the full- and reduced-resolution mission period of MIPAS.</p>

Antonio Vega-Galvez, Luis S. Gomez-Perez, Francisca Zepeda et al.

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder, and no efficient therapy able to cure or slow down PD is available. In this study, dehydrated red cabbage was evaluated as a novel source of bio-compounds with neuroprotective capacity. Convective drying was carried out at different temperatures. Total phenolics (TPC), flavonoids (TFC), anthocyanins (TAC), and glucosinolates (TGC) were determined using spectrophotometry, amino acid profile by LC-DAD and fatty acid profile by GC-FID. Phenolic characterization was determined by liquid chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry. Cytotoxicity and neuroprotection assays were evaluated in SH-SY5Y human cells, observing the effect on preformed fibrils of α-synuclein. Drying kinetic confirmed a shorter processing time with temperature increase. A high concentration of bio-compounds was observed, especially at 90 °C, with TPC = 1544.04 ± 11.4 mg GAE/100 g, TFC = 690.87 ± 4.0 mg QE/100 g and TGC = 5244.9 ± 260.2 µmol SngE/100 g. TAC degraded with temperature. Glutamic acid and arginine were predominant. Fatty acid profiles were relatively stable and were found to be mostly C18:3n3. The neochlorogenic acid was predominant. The extracts had no cytotoxicity and showed a neuroprotective effect at 24 h testing, which can extend in some cases to 48 h. The present findings underpin the use of red cabbage as a functional food ingredient.

Lupi, Danilo

This paper investigates for the first time the restoration work carried out on the refectory of the monastery of San Michele in Bosco in Bologna, which was supervised by Alfonso Rubbiani between 1892 and 1895. In spite of the vast literature on the ‘restorer’, this work has so far been scarcely considered both because of the chronology of the building (mid-16th century) as well as because it did not entail radical changes. Indeed, the limited size of the room and the numerous documentary traces – carefully tracked by Rubbiani and his patron, the lawyer Giuseppe Bacchelli – were addressing the operation philologically. The discovery of unpublished archival evidence contributed to a more appropriate understanding of the overall work; in particular, it is possible to note how the initial intentions of the architect and the commissioner, which were based on erudite investigations that involved intellectuals and politicians of the time, did not, unfortunately, come to fruition.

Виталий Геннадьевич Безбородов

Впервые приводится аннотированный список пластинчатоусых жуков фауны республики Бурятия. Выявлено 133 вида из 45 родов 17 подсемейств и пяти семейств надсемейства Scarabaeoidea. Приводится новый род для фауны республики — Caccobius C. G. Thomson, 1859. Новыми видами для фауны являются: Aphodius (Acrossus) bimaculatus (Laxmann, 1770), A. (A.) luridus (Fabricius, 1775), A. (Bodilopsis) rufus (Moll, 1782), A. (Chilothorax) distinctus (Muller, 1776), A. (Ch.) jacobsoni W. Koshantschikov, 1911, A. (Melinopterus) pubescens Sturm, 1800, A. (Nialus) varians Duftschmid, 1805, A. (Phalacronothus) biguttatus Germar, 1824, A. (Ph.) quadrimaculatus (Linnaeus, 1760), A. (Plagiogonus) arenarius (A. G. Olivier, 1789), A. (Pseudacrossus) caspius Ménétriés, 1832, A. (P.) tenebricosus A. Schmidt, 1916, A. (Pubinus) tomentosus (O. F. Muller, 1776), A. (Rhodaphodius) foetens (Fabricius, 1787), Caccobius (Caccobius) brevis C. O. Waterhouse, 1875, Onthophagus (Palaeonthophagus) vitulus (Fabricius, 1777), Amphimallon altaicum (Mannerheim, 1825), Lasiopsis canina (Zubkov, 1829), Maladera renardi (Ballion, 1871), Omaloplia nigromarginata (Herbst, 1786), Serica brunnea (Linnaeus, 1758), Anisoplia (Anisoplia) agricola (Poda von Neuhaus, 1761), Gnorimus subopacus Motschulsky, 1860. В списке рассматриваются изученный материал, общее и локальное распространение, а также трофика и фенология видов.

Chiara Filippini, Adolfo Di Crosta, Rocco Palumbo et al.

Extensive possibilities of applications have rendered emotion recognition ineluctable and challenging in the fields of computer science as well as in human-machine interaction and affective computing. Fields that, in turn, are increasingly requiring real-time applications or interactions in everyday life scenarios. However, while extremely desirable, an accurate and automated emotion classification approach remains a challenging issue. To this end, this study presents an automated emotion recognition model based on easily accessible physiological signals and deep learning (DL) approaches. As a DL algorithm, a Feedforward Neural Network was employed in this study. The network outcome was further compared with canonical machine learning algorithms such as random forest (RF). The developed DL model relied on the combined use of wearables and contactless technologies, such as thermal infrared imaging. Such a model is able to classify the emotional state into four classes, derived from the linear combination of valence and arousal (referring to the circumplex model of affect’s four-quadrant structure) with an overall accuracy of 70% outperforming the 66% accuracy reached by the RF model. Considering the ecological and agile nature of the technique used the proposed model could lead to innovative applications in the affective computing field.

Rodica CRUDU, Mariana ZUBENSCHI, Carmen NASTASE

The topicality of the neighborhood Europeanization through ENP is undoubtful, particularly due to the fact that the Republic of Moldova has taken a claimable European integration direction and is striving to fulfill the requirements stipulated in the EU-Moldova Association Agreement. The paper aims to provide an overview of both the theoretical aspects by defining and explaining the concept of Europeanization and the background of ENP and how these concepts are practically realized in the attempt to achieve the Europeanization of the Republic of Moldova and understand what bottlenecks should be tackled in order to make a better use of this policy in its pursuit of the European goal. A special attention is allocated to the assessment of the citizen perceptions about EU in general and EU-Moldova relations in particular, common beliefs that have been created among citizens with reference to the EU and the role of the EU as a key player in the Eastern Neighbourhood in general and Europeanisation of the Republic of Moldova. A survey was applied on 173 respondents. Results show that in general Moldovan citizens have a positive belief about the EU, are aware about the EU financial support Moldova received so far and consider EU as a reliable partner from which Moldova has a lot to learn in terms of democracy, law supremacy, human rights and economic development.

Javiera Robles Recabarren

En el presente artículo se propone abordar la contribución de las mujeres comunistas durante el período de la “Política de rebelión popular de masas” del Partido Comunista de Chile. Atendiendo a la ausencia historiografica sobre el estudio de las mujeres comunistas en Chile, serán analizadas fuentes orales de antiguas militantes del partido y su brazo armado, el Frente Patriótico Manuel Rodríguez, como también de los  organismos de derechos humanos, sindicatos y organizaciones populares.

José María Gómez Herráez

La guerra de 1936-1939 no significó simplemente una orientación propagandística de la historia. La observación del pasado sirvió para estimular de distintas formas el espíritu de combate, resistencia y colaboración interna, pero también las transformaciones socioeconómicas e institucionales en cada zona influyeron en la selección de temas, en los silencios y en las interpretaciones. Además, existían variaciones en función del medio de expresión. En este examen se contextualizan y comentan las perspectivas seguidas en algunos trabajos agrupados en cuatro categorías. Tres corresponden a la zona republicana: textos de inspiración liberal-democrática, de tipo obrerista y de tipo catalanista. De la zona controlada por los sublevados se observan las intervenciones en un curso para maestros.

Laíse Gabrielly Matias de Lima Santos, Carla Mariana Xavier Ferreira, Artur Belo Azevedo et al.

Objetivou-se avaliar a evolução da prevalência de anemia em crianças quilombolas de Alagoas, Brasil. Trata-se de uma análise descritiva comparando resultados de dois inquéritos domiciliares (2008; n = 950 e 2018; n = 426), envolvendo amostra das crianças de 6 a 59 meses. A anemia foi diagnosticada com hemoglobina < 110g/L (HemoCue). As prevalências entre os dois inquéritos foram descritas percentualmente e pela razão de prevalência (RP) e intervalo de 95% de confiança (IC95%), calculados por regressão de Poisson. As prevalências de anemia em 2008 e 2018 foram, respectivamente, 53% (IC95%: 49,8-56,1) e 38% (IC95%: 33,4-42,6), configurando um declínio de 28,3% (RP = 0,72; IC95%: 0,63-0,82). Crianças de 6 a 24 meses foram mais acometidas do que aquelas de 25 a 59 meses, tanto em 2008 (72% vs. 44%) como em 2018 (54,8% vs. 28,3%). Houve redução de prevalência em ambas as faixas etárias (23,9% e 35,7%, respectivamente). Essa redução mais pronunciada nas crianças mais velhas fez que as mais jovens passassem a ter quase o dobro da prevalência vista nas de maior idade (RP = 1,94; IC95%: 1,53-2,46). Conclui-se que houve declínio expressivo da prevalência de anemia durante o período avaliado, persistindo, porém, como relevante problema de saúde pública, sobretudo entre as crianças de 6 a 24 meses. As crianças avaliadas sobrevivem em grande vulnerabilidade social, evidenciando-se que, para promover a saúde dessa população, não são suficientes ações no âmbito da saúde pública. Gestores e profissionais de saúde devem estar atentos aos dados aqui apresentados, visando à implementação de medidas para enfrentamento das iniquidades sociais e de saúde que contribuem para maior vulnerabilidade desse grupo étnico-racial.

Mihaela Brindușa TUDOSE, Valentina Diana RUSU, Silvia AVASILCĂI

The study presents a model of comparative analysis of financial performance based on two categories of instruments and evaluates the interdependencies between different performance measures. Based on the information gathered from secondary sources, we determined, interpreted and dynamically analysed the following indicators: return on assets, return on equity, degree of global indebtedness, current and quick liquidity and economic added value. The obtained results allowed the shaping of two performance profiles on the basis of which the ranking of the analysed companies was made. In order to identify the interdependencies between the different performance measures, we performed a first regression analysis which indicated that the company's ability to create added economic value depends on achieving high rates of economic profitability. Because in the analysed period there were major variations of the macroeconomic indicators, we performed a second regression analysis which indicated that the economic growth rate positively influences the two rates of return.

Jiang H, Li ZP, Tian GX et al.

Hong Jiang,1,* Zhi-Peng Li,1,* Gui-Xiang Tian,1,* Rui-Yan Pan,1 Chong-Mei Xu,2 Bo Zhang,2 Jing-liang Wu1 1School of Bioscience and Technology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China; 2School of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China *These authors contributed equally to this work Background: Recent efforts have been focused on combining two or more therapeutic approaches with different mechanisms to enhance antitumor therapy. Moreover, nanosize drug-delivery systems for codelivering two drugs with proapoptotic and antiangiogenic activities have exhibited great potential in efficient treatment of cancers. Methods: Glycyrrhetinic acid (GA)&ndash;modified liposomes (GA LPs) for liver-targeted codelivery of curcumin (Cur) and combretastatin A4 phosphate (CA4P) were prepared and characterized. In&nbsp;vitro cellular uptake, cytotoxicity, cell migration, in&nbsp;vivo biodistribution, antitumor activity, and histopathological studies were performed. Results: Compared with unmodified LPs (Cur-CA4P LPs), Cur-CA4P/GA LPs were taken up effectively by human hepatocellular carcinoma cells (BEL-7402) and showed higher cytotoxicity than free drugs. In&nbsp;vivo real-time near-infrared fluorescence&ndash;imaging results indicated that GA-targeted LPs increased accumulation in the tumor region. Moreover, Cur-CA4P/GA LPs showed stronger inhibition of tumor proliferation than Cur, Cur + CA4P, and Cur-CA4P LPs in&nbsp;vivo antitumor studies, which was also verified by H&amp;E staining. Conclusion: GA-modified LPs can serve as a promising nanocarrier for liver-targeted co-delivery of antitumor drugs against hepatocellular carcinoma. Keywords: liver-targeted, LPs, curcumin, combretastatin A4 phosphate, combination therapy

Jan Luiten van Zanden, E. Buringh, Maarten Bosker

Paul Alliès

As definições da democracia complicam-se sob o efeito de dois fenómenos: por um lado, a resistência das suas instituições tradicionais, todavia postas em questão pelas alterações sociais da terceira revolução industrial; por um lado, a expansão planetária dos seus princípios de acordo e em função da globalização do capitalismo. As aspirações de “mudar o poder” acabam por o contornar, como se já não fosse possível nem necessário tomá-lo. Neste artigo, questiona-se as contradições ao mesmo tempo que se procuram as histórias políticas - do republicanismo por exemplo - que pode ser uma opção.

Olaudah b. Equiano

M. Glassman, Amber Hope Wilhelm

M. Cecire, Hannah Field, K. Finn et al.

S. Kalogirou

In this study, the ecological and societal impact of the invasive pufferfish Lagocephalus sceleratus on coastal habitats of an area of the eastern Mediterranean Sea (Rhodes Island) was investigated. Seasonal quantitative samplings in two common coastal habitats were used to investigate habitat use of different life-stages. Sandy areas were found to be highly important for the early life stages of L. sceleratus . In contrast, Posidonia oceanica habitats were mainly preferred by larger (> 29 cm) reproductive adults, not exceeding 64 cm. Lagocephalus sceleratus was found to feed on invertebrates and fish while size classification revealed a tendency for a diet shift with increased size. During early life stages, L. sceleratus inhabits sandy bottoms where it feeds on various invertebrates. The predominant molluscan species found in the diet of larger (> 20 cm) L. sceleratus individuals were the economically important Sepia officinalis and Octopus vulgaris . The size at which 50% of individuals reach maturity was estimated to 19 cm. With increased size, habitat shift to seagrass meadows most possibly occurs to meet both the increased demand in prey availability and requirement of appropriate spawning ground. Condition factor of L. sceleratus showed significantly higher values during summer than all other seasons and this was attributed to spawning season and increase in feeding. Societal impacts were alarming due to increased public attention concerning its lethal effects (presence of tetrodotoxin), if consumed. Its high abundance in the coastal fish communities of the studied area combined with ecological and societal impacts, clearly classify L. sceleratus a pest for fisheries and potential threat for biodiversity.

Manuel Ríos

<p class="western" align="justify"><span style="font-family: Calibri, serif;">En la segunda mitad del siglo XVIII, una moribunda monarquía impulsó una serie de reformas agrarias que buscaban salvar al régimen y su clase dominante, la nobleza. Altamente impopulares, cuando la movilización de 1789 en vísperas de los estados generales generó la redacción de cuadernos de quejas, los campesinos buscaron recuperar el terreno perdido en dos aspectos tocados por las reformas: los comunales y la derrota de mieses. Los programas políticos fueron claros: restitución de la derrota de mieses en todo el término y fin de las divisiones de comunales. El presente trabajo analiza las relaciones de poder en la aldea, para determinar qué sectores se impusieron en las asambleas parroquiales y poder concluir así quienes fueron los impulsores de ese programa político.</span></p><p class="western" align="justify">Palabras clave: Campesinado;  derrota de mieses;  comunales; programa político</p>

E. Azzurro, L. Castriota, M. Falautano et al.

Matthew W. Mosca