Hasil untuk "physics.soc-ph"

C. L. Karr, E. Gentry

T. Clayton, R. Byrne

J. Dressman, R. Berardi, Lambros C. Dermentzoglou et al.

J. Russell, D. Wilson

Ruminant animals depend on cellulolytic ruminal bacteria to digest cellulose, but these bacteria cannot resist the low ruminal pH that modern feeding practices can create. Because the cellulolytic bacteria cannot grow on cellobiose at low pH, pH sensitivity is a general aspect of growth and not just a limitation of the cellulases per se. Acid-resistant ruminal bacteria have evolved the capacity to let their intracellular pH decrease, maintain a small pH gradient across the cell membrane, and prevent an intracellular accumulation of VFA anions. Cellulolytic bacteria cannot grow with a low intracellular pH, and an increase in pH gradient leads to anion toxicity. Prevotella ruminicola cannot digest native cellulose, but it grows at low pH and degrades the cellulose derivative, carboxymethylcellulose. The Prevotella ruminicola carboxymethylcellulase cannot bind to cellulose, but a recombinant enzyme having the Prevotella ruminicola catalytic domain and a binding domain from Thermomonspora fusca was able to bind and had cellulase activity that was at least 10-fold higher. Based on these results, gene reconstruction offers a means of converting Prevotella ruminicola into a ruminal bacterium that can digest cellulose at low pH.

Juan Sebastian Ardenghi

Amortization systems are used widely in economy to generate payment schedules to repaid an initial debt with its interest. We present a generalization of these amortization systems by introducing the mathematical formalism of quantum mechanics based on vector spaces. Operators are defined for debt, amortization, interest and periodic payment and their mean values are computed in different orthonormal basis. The vector space of the amortization system will have dimension M, where M is the loan maturity and the vectors will have a SO(M) symmetry, yielding the possibility of rotating the basis of the vector space while preserving the distance among vectors. The results obtained are useful to add degrees of freedom to the usual amortization systems without affecting the interest profits of the lender while also benefitting the borrower who is able to alter the payment schedules. Furthermore, using the tensor product of algebras, we introduce loans entanglement in which two borrowers can correlate the payment schedules without altering the total repaid.

Jutta Schnabel

The adaptation of Large Language Models like ChatGPT for information retrieval from scientific data, software and publications is offering new opportunities to simplify access to and understanding of science for persons from all levels of expertise. They can become tools to both enhance the usability of the open science environment we are building as well as help to provide systematic insight to a long-built corpus of scientific publications. The uptake of Retrieval Augmented Generation-enhanced chat applications in the construction of the open science environment of the KM3NeT neutrino detectors serves as a focus point to explore and exemplify prospects for the wider application of Large Language Models for our science.

Euijun Song

Quantum walks have emerged as a transformative paradigm in quantum information processing and can be applied to various graph problems. This study explores discrete-time quantum walks on simplicial complexes, a higher-order generalization of graph structures. Simplicial complexes, encoding higher-order interactions through simplices, offer a richer topological representation of complex systems. Since the conventional classical random walk cannot directly detect community structures, we present a quantum walk algorithm to detect higher-order community structures called simplicial communities. We utilize the Fourier coin to produce entangled translation states among adjacent simplices in a simplicial complex. The potential of our quantum algorithm is tested on Zachary's karate club network. This study may contribute to understanding complex systems at the intersection of algebraic topology and quantum walk algorithms.

Benedetto P. Casu

This paper presents an overview of the state of scientific research in physics in the Italian peninsula for the first thirty years of XIX century. In doing so, we focus geographically on the Kingdom of Sardinia and the Lombardo - Veneto territories, because of the role played in the development of Italian physics and the political future of the peninsula; we line out a quantitative analysis of the scientific community using basic tool of graph theory; we somehow try to avoid the major personalities of the century (e.g. Volta, Avogadro, Lagrange) to highlight the development of the local communities. The language of the paper is Italian.

A. D. J. Haymet

Responses to the global climate crisis often focus on the largest current emitters of greenhouse gases. However, analysis shows that about a third of emissions come from a collection of small emitters, each contributing one- to two-percent of the total additional CO$_2$ injected into the communal atmosphere. Attempts to hold global warming to less than 1.5\textcelsius~ cannot succeed without also reducing emissions from these small countries.

H. Izumi, T. Torigoe, H. Ishiguchi et al.

S. Shay, R. Tutuian, D. Sifrim et al.

Jianzhong Du, Yiqing Tang, A. Lewis et al.

J. Antelo, M. Avena, S. Fiol et al.

The surface properties of a well-crystallized synthetic goethite have been studied by acid-base potentiometric titrations, electrophoresis, and phosphate and arsenate adsorption isotherms at different pH and electrolyte concentrations. The PZC and IEP of the studied goethite were 9.3+/-0.1 and 9.3+/-0.2, respectively. Phosphate and arsenate adsorption decrease as the pH increases in either 0.1 or 0.01 M KNO(3) solutions. Phosphate adsorption is more sensitive to changes in pH and ionic strength than that of arsenate. The combined effects of pH and ionic strength result in higher phosphate adsorption in acidic media at most ionic strengths, but result in lower phosphate adsorption in basic media and low ionic strengths. The CD-MUSIC model yields rather good fit of the experimental data. For phosphate it was necessary to postulate the presence of three inner-sphere surface complexes (monodentate nonprotonated, bidentate nonprotonated, and bidentate protonated). In contrast, arsenate could be well described by postulating only the presence of the two bidenate species. A small improvement of the arsenate adsorption data could be achieved by assuming the presence of a monodentate protonated species. Model predictions are in agreement with spectroscopic evidence, which suggest, especially for the case of arsenate, that mainly bidentate inner-sphere complexes are formed at the goethite-water interface.

T. Rabilloud, C. Adessi, A. Giraudel et al.

Membrane and nuclear proteins of poor solubility have been separated by high resolution two‐dimensional (2‐D) gel electrophoresis. Isoelectric focusing with immobilized pH gradients leads to severe quantitative losses of proteins in the resulting 2‐D map, although the resolution is usually high. Protein solubility could be improved by using denaturing solutions containing various detergents and chaotropes. Best results were obtained with a denaturing solution containing urea, thiourea, and detergents (both nonionic and zwitterionic). The usefulness of thiourea‐containing denaturing mixtures is shown for microsomal and nuclear proteins as well as for tubulin, a protein highly prone to aggregation.

Tara Roberson

Hype over novel quantum technologies has prompted discussion on the likely societal impacts of the sector. Calls to ensure the responsible development of quantum technologies are complicated by a lack of concrete case studies or real-world examples of irresponsible quantum. At this stage, responsible quantum faces a situation reminiscent of the Collingridge dilemma. In this dilemma, the moment in which discussion on societal risks and benefits can be most impactful is also the time where the least information is available. The flipside of this challenge is an opportunity to build processes for examining the public good of quantum before the trajectory (and potential problems) of the sector become locked in. Recent work in this space has argued that quantum researchers and innovators must work with society to address uncertainties and concerns. By engaging quantum stakeholders and understanding their perspectives on responsibility, this paper seeks to support this proposition and enable further dialogue on responsible development and use of quantum technologies.

Rick Orij, J. Postmus, Alexander Ter Beek et al.

Andrea M Armani, Darrell E Hurt, Darryl Hwang et al.

A global effort is ongoing in the scientific community and in the Maker Movement, which focuses on creating devices and tinkering with them, to reverse engineer commercial medical equipment and get it to healthcare workers. For these low-tech solutions to have a real impact, it is important for them to coalesce around approved designs.

C. López-Vázquez, A. Oehmen, C. M. Hooijmans et al.

L. de Nooijer, T. Toyofuku, H. Kitazato

Callum Schofield, Jingbo B. Wang, Yuying Li

Large scale complex systems, such as social networks, electrical power grid, database structure, consumption pattern or brain connectivity, are often modeled using network graphs. Valuable insight can be gained by measuring the similarity between network graphs in order to make quantitative comparisons. Since these networks can be very large, scalability and efficiency of the algorithm are key concerns. More importantly, for graphs with unknown labeling, this graph similarity problem requires exponential time to solve using existing algorithms. In this paper, we propose a quantum walk inspired algorithm, which provides a solution to the graph similarity problem without prior knowledge on graph labeling. This algorithm is capable of distinguishing between minor structural differences, such as between strongly regular graphs with the same parameters. The algorithm has polynomial complexity, scaling with $O(n^9)$.