Astroparticle physics plays a central role in addressing fundamental questions in modern physics by connecting particle physics, cosmology, and astrophysics. Among the main problems, we highlight the nature of dark matter and dark energy, primordial inflation, the matter-antimatter asymmetry of the universe, and the origin of ultra-high-energy cosmic messengers. In this article, we review the main observational evidence for dark matter, which spans scales from galactic to cosmological, and discuss the two most explored scenarios for its nature: primordial black holes and new fundamental particles beyond the Standard Model. We explore the main theoretical and experimental bottlenecks that challenge the search for the nature of dark matter, highlighting those associated with extended mass distributions of primordial black holes and the absence of weakly interacting massive particle signals in direct, indirect, and accelerator detection experiments. We also discuss the role of next-generation experiments, including very high-energy gamma-ray telescopes and multi-messenger detectors. Finally, we conclude that the combination of high-precision observations and theoretical advances will be crucial to elucidating the microphysics of dark matter and deepening our understanding of the extreme universe.
O objetivo deste artigo é mostrar o motivo de se considerar a matéria escura como ingrediente fundamental para o Universo. A existência da matéria escura é indispensável para formar as estruturas cósmicas que observamos como galáxias e aglomerados de galáxias. Apesar de ainda desconhecermos a natureza desta componente cósmica, pois ainda não a detectamos diretamente, o aspecto discutido neste trabalho é considerado um dos principais argumentos a favor da existência da matéria escura.
Estrelas de nêutrons são astros absolutamente fascinantes. Em seu interior, a matéria está sujeita a condições extremas, manifestando-se em formas muito diversas daquelas encontradas em nosso planeta, ou mesmo acessíveis experimentalmente; assim, sua observação abre uma janela para uma maior compreensão das interações nucleares. São abarcadas por intensos campos gravitacionais, permitindo que comportamentos intrigantes da gravitação se manifestem. Cumprem um papel importantíssimo na evolução química das galáxias, com seu nascimento e fusão estando ligados à produção de vários elementos químicos que encontramos no nosso dia a dia. Estrelas de nêutrons são hoje observadas em todas as faixas do espectro eletromagnético e também em ondas gravitacionais. A combinação da pletora de informações carregadas por esses mensageiros tem ajudado a compor uma imagem cada vez mais nítida e coerente da física que envolve esses astros, oferecendo chaves para o aprofundamento do nosso conhecimento sobre a natureza.
O presente artigo visa estudar como o direito internacional regula as atividadesno espaço cósmico, na lua e em outros corpos celestes. Também será comentadoquestões sobre o regime de propriedade aplicado no espaço cósmico, sua evoluçãoe aplicação hoje em dia.
On 1st February, undaunted by warnings of imminent gales, a party of almost 90 production managers and engineers embarked on charter flights from Manchester and Southampton to Eindhoven in the Netherlands. The group, which also included a few members of the electronics press, were the guests of Astro Technology who had planned an informative day trip to enable those present to learn more about the Dutch company, Soltec BV, and their latest soldering and board handling machine developments. The highlight of the day's programme was to be Soltec's approach to the ‘No‐clean’ soldering issue.
Greys Kasandra De Lourdes González González Sr Sr, Ricardo Gacitua Sr, Gema Navarro Sr
et al.
BACKGROUND Postoperative education is essential in cardiac surgery to promote self-management, adherence, and recovery. Mobile health (mHealth) applications have emerged as promising tools to support patient education; however, existing solutions vary widely in design, technological complexity, and validation rigor. OBJECTIVE Synthesize evidence on the process of developing, and validating mobile applications focused on post-operative patient education, considering key aspects of the construction methodology, considering design, content, technological components, and validation process. METHODS A systematic literature review was conducted following PRISMA guidelines and registered in the Open Science Framework. Peer-reviewed studies were identified through major scientific databases and analyzed across multiple dimensions, including design methodology, technological features, validation approaches, and patient-related outcomes. RESULTS Fourteen studies met the inclusion criteria. Most applications focused on education, self-care guidance, symptom monitoring, and cardiac rehabilitation. Development processes commonly followed user-centered and iterative approaches aligned with ADDIE or Design Science Research models. Usability and feasibility were the most frequently evaluated outcomes, often using the System Usability Scale, while clinical outcome assessments were less common and generally based on small samples. CONCLUSIONS Mobile applications show potential as supportive tools for postoperative cardiac education; however, methodological heterogeneity, limited validation, and urban-centered implementations highlight the need for more robust, context-aware, and scalable solutions. CLINICALTRIAL The systematic review protocol was registered on the Open Science Framework(OSF) website, with the registration number https://osf.io/9rt7j
Katell Le Dû Sr, Adrien Chauchet Sr, Sophie Sadot-Lebouvier Sr
et al.
BACKGROUND Relapse is a major event for lymphoma patients. Early detection could have an impact on quality of life and overall survival. Patient-related outcome measures have already demonstrated clinical benefit for lung cancer patients. Evidence is lacking for lymphoma patients. We proposed to evaluate the impact of a web-application follow-up for lymphoma patients at high risk of relapse. OBJECTIVE The primary endpoint was to demonstrate a 30% superiority in the detection of significant events in the experimental arm compared with the control arm over a 6-month follow-up. METHODS We planned a prospective, randomized phase 3 trial, comparing web-based follow-up (experimental arm) to a standard arm (control arm). Eligible patients were 18 years of age and older with lymphoma at high risk of relapse. Patients could have T-cell lymphoma in first partial or complete response, Hodgkin lymphoma in second partial or complete response, or diffuse large B-cell lymphoma in first partial or complete response with a revised high IPI score (≥3) or in second partial or complete response. The primary endpoint was to demonstrate a 30% superiority in the detection of significant events in the experimental arm compared with the control arm over a 6-month follow-up. An interim analysis was performed at the inclusion of the first 40 patients. RESULTS A total of 52 patients were included between July 12, 2017, and April 7, 2020, at 11 centers in France: 27 in the experimental arm and 25 in the control arm. Median follow-up was 21.3 months (range, [1.3-25.6] months). One hundred and twenty-one events were reported during the study period. Most events were reported in the experimental arm (83/119, 69.7%) compared to 30.2% (36/119) in the control arm, with a mean number of events per patient of 3.5 in the experimental arm and 1.8 in the control arm (p=.0041). Progression and infection were most frequently reported events. Nineteen patients relapsed during follow-up: 6 in the experimental arm and 13 in the standard arm (p<.001), with a median follow-up of 7.7 (range, [2.8-20.6] months) and 6.7 (range [1.9-16.4] months) (p=.94) respectively. Nine out of 26 patients (34.6%) in the experimental group did not receive their electronic questionnaire and the supplier was unable to remedy this. The interim analysis showed that there was no difference in the diagnosis of events. CONCLUSIONS PRO measures remain essential, but the electronic monitoring method must comply with international safety guidelines. CLINICALTRIAL ClinicalTrials.gov NCT 03154710
Air quality is known to have significant health impacts from both short- and long-term exposure. As a significant contributor, the transport sector is working to reduce its adverse impact; however, the impact of rail transport on air quality at local levels, particularly within enclosed spaces (e.g. stations and onboard trains), is still not fully understood. With 30% of rail traction diesel-powered, previously studies have shown that in certain conditions pollution concentrations exceed prescribed EU limits in enclosed stations. Although these studies offer insight into issues at particular strategic locations, there have been none which address issues and identify mitigation measures to risks associated with poor air quality for both passengers and train crews onboard trains for typical journeys. This seminar will present work conducted as part of the Rail Safety and Standards Board (RSSB) Clean Air Research programme on project “T1234 Air Quality on Trains - HVAC and Exhaust Interactions Study”, which focused on providing better understanding of rail’s direct contribution to air pollution onboard trains. The project aimed to determine how exhaust emissions and heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) systems interact and impact levels of air pollution onboard passenger trains, establishing factors that can be changed to improve air quality. The programme covered a wide range of techniques, from computational studies through to model- and full- experimental validation. Findings indicated that the design configuration of train roofs were particularly important when considering the interaction of exhaust gases with HVAC systems and that simple alterations in design and shape of the roof and exhaust pipe, as well as the HVAC placement and operation could lead to large improvements in onboard air quality
UNSTRUCTURED With the development of science and technology, wearable devices have been widely used in the field of health care. In this article, we summarize the characteristics, key technologies, and classification of wearable devices, as well as their application in health and safety monitoring, chronic disease management, diagnosis and treatment of diseases, and rehabilitation. We analyze the shortcomings of wearable devices to highlight development trends and provide a useful reference for the development of wearable devices by collecting data on the application and investigation of wearable devices in the medical field.