Hasil untuk "Philology. Linguistics"

Eduardo Alves da Silva

Este artigo investiga os memes do tipo “leia em inglês”, nos quais a tradução fonética de uma expressão portuguesa para o inglês se assemelha a uma ação ilustrada na imagem, gerando um efeito humorístico. A pesquisa adota uma abordagem qualitativa e tem como ferramenta analítica a Teoria da Integração Conceptual (Blending Conceptual) de Fauconnier e Turner (2002). Em relação aos conceitos operacionais, utiliza as noções de Frame (Fillmore, 1976, 1982; Duque, 2015, 2017) e Espaços Mentais (Fauconnier, 1985, 1997) para compreender os mecanismos cognitivos subjacentes à construção de sentido nesses memes. A análise explora como a sobreposição de estruturas linguísticas e visuais ativa múltiplos espaços mentais, permitindo que a tradução seja reinterpretada dentro de um novo frame semântico. Além disso, discute-se a relação entre cognição e humor na tradução interlinguística, evidenciando como o blending conceptual contribui para a experiência humorística e a criatividade linguística dos falantes. O estudo busca demonstrar que esses memes não apenas refletem fenômenos linguísticos, mas também revelam processos cognitivos complexos na mediação entre diferentes línguas e culturas. Palavras-chave: Integração Conceptual. Espaços Mentais. Frame.

Adela MANOLII

The Romanian language has been permanently enriched with prefixoids of Greek and Latin origin, penetrated simultaneously with various international formants. The formation of words with the help of prefixes and prefixoids is a characteristic phenomenon of the contemporary Romanian neological vocabulary. Being more numerous than the actual prefixes, prefixoids serve, as a rule, to create an imposing number of technical terms, thanks to inventions and discoveries of all kinds. The tendency of speakers to renovate their means of expression, to find as many affective forms as possible served as an impetus for the spread of words formed with prefixoids. Thus, prefixoids of Greek and Latin origin represent a rich source of formation of Romanian words, especially those belonging to the terminological fund.

Mikail Batu, Mustafa Oz, İlknur Aydoğdu Karaaslan et al.

This study explores the most effective educational methods for conveying information about natural disasters in large institutions like universities. Focusing on a sample of 405 students from Ege University (Turkey), it examines whether knowledge levels about natural disasters vary based on demographic factors such as gender, faculty, and class year. The findings reveal significant differences in knowledge based on these demographics. The study also shows that disaster education enhances overall knowledge and reduces these demographic disparities. Additionally, it compares the effectiveness of different communication tools—face-to-face, brochures, and videos—demonstrating that face-to-face and video-based methods are more effective than brochures in delivering disaster-related information.

Saniya Mukhamedzhanova, Ibrahim Shahin, Amantay Sharip

В статье анализируются объективные предпосылки и текущее состояние интеграции тюркских государств в сфере культуры. Общность истории, языка и традиций тюркских народов задают основу поиска и определения механизмов для более тесного сотрудничества, которое стало возможным после распада СССР. Изучение данных процессов подразумевает комплексное использование общественно-исторического и культурно-цивилизационного, а также междисциплинарного подходов. По оценкам экспертов, культурный фактор заложил основу для европейской интеграции, став базисом формирования будущих общеевропейских институтов. О такой тенденции можно говорить также на примере сближения тюркских стран. В 1993 году Азербайджан, Казахстан, Кыргызстан, Турция, Туркменистан и Узбекистан создали Организацию по совместному развитию тюркской культуры и искусства, которая в 2009 году была переименована в ТЮРКСОЙ. ТЮРКСОЙ прошла первый этап институционализации, подразумевающий налаживание сотрудничества с государствами-членами и наблюдателями, а также с другими международными организациями. С 2009 года и по настоящее время происходит второй этап, характеризуемый углублением и расширением сотрудничества, реализацией различных проектов и инициатив. По праву ТЮРКСОЙ называют «ЮНЕСКО тюркского мира», благодаря которой удается исследовать и сохранять богатое тюркское культурное наследие, пропагандировать искусство и литературу родственных народов.  

Marniati Marniati, Mohammad Fadzeli Jaafar

This study investigates the realisation of the refusal speech acts addressed by the native speakers of Tanjung Tanah (Tj. Tanah) dialect of Kerinci to the interlocutors of high, low and equal social status. Twenty-five native speakers of the Tj. Tanah dialect; 10 males and 15 females whose ages between 19 to 26-year-old were selected to be research participants. Data were collected by means of an open role-play. Then, the role-play’s data were transcribed and were classified according to the taxonomy of the refusal strategies formulated by Beebe, Takahashi, & Uliss-Weltz (1990). The results showed that the native speakers of Tj. Tanah dialect employed two direct strategies, fourteen indirect strategies, and four adjuncts to refusal. In addition to this, they made different frequency of the semantic formulas when declining the wish of the interlocutors of different social status. Mostly, they made higher frequency of ‘Reasons’, direct ‘No’, ‘Negative Willingness’ and ‘Elaborative Reasons’ to the interlocutors of high and low social status. In contrast, they made higher frequency of direct ‘No’, ‘Reasons’, ‘Negative Willingness’ and ‘Persuasion’ to the interlocutors of equal social status. Clearly, the social status of the interlocutors affects the participants’ choice of the refusal strategies.

Susanna Priest

The phrase citizen science is certainly appealing, especially for many of us who have championed the notion of increasing public engagement in science. Citizen science refers most often to projects in which non-scientists provide some of the labor needed for the collection of scientific data, often in environmental research contexts. This involvement provides volunteer workers in support of science while in turn, ideally, offering rewarding and educational participation opportunities for the volunteers. An early U.S. model for citizen participation has been the Cornell University ornithology laboratory, where the recruitment of a widely dispersed army of bird watchers and other non-scientist citizens continues to assist with bird population research and related studies. But the specific phrase citizen science also conjures up the idea of a sort of participatory democracy operating in the service of science, allowing fresh ideas to bubble up and their policy implications to receive thoughtful attention and popular feedback early on (or, as we later learned to say, «upstream»). It might also suggest science that operates more clearly in the service of society, taking research direction from what its citizens (as community members) actually have to say. This train of thought brings citizen science closer to the idea of community-based participatory research, in which scientific goals are defined in part by communities outside of science itself. The emergence of university-based «science shops», more a European than an American phenomenon, is another close cousin in which scientists allow communities to suggest research problems that reflect community needs. This issue of Metode presents a series of cases that illustrate both the concept and its divergent objectives: facilitating communication between scientists and non-scientists, raising public interest in science and levels of science literacy, empowering the pursuit of public policy goals, and even pushing the boundaries of social science theory. Younger participants in particular might be motivated to consider alternative career paths, potentially increasing diversity among scientific professionals. Collectively, these goals represent an ambitious agenda for the future through the advancement of frontiers in communication, education, and politics – as well as science itself. And these intriguing cases are still only a handful among many. Who is a «citizen» and in what sense can they actually «do science»? In the early days of scientific journals, most authors were gentlemen of status. Must a citizen scientist of our own time likewise be a gentleman of status? That certainly does not seem right or fair. Yet, at the same time, the idea that «just anyone» can do science is just not quite right either. Both scientific expertise and scientific authority still matter, especially in the era of climate and COVID where misinformation is often said to be rampant – and is potentially deadly. Given that, what exactly is the role of «citizen scientists»? How do we balance the need for scientific rigor with the need for community involvement (in both directions)? This is a question with no obvious answer. The idea of citizen science (or amateur science before it) brings with it tensions about the social nature of scientific truth, both the «citizen» part and the «science» part. As Bryan Wynne’s well-known 1989 paper on post-Chernobyl sheep farming argued, radiation scientists had one form of expertise but others (the farmers) had other forms, such as their knowledge of sheep lifecycles, seasons, pastures, and markets. Solutions to managing radiation pollution on sheep farms required both forms. And yet scientific truth is still established by scientific consensus, not by public opinion or even public participation. In this era of «alternative facts», where it almost seems as though everyone gets to make up their own reality, assisted in no small measure by the dynamics of social media, we are regularly pushed to defend the authority of science. To do that, we need allies. I believe that one productive way of thinking about «citizen scientists» is that they are, or can become, exactly those needed allies, linking communities and societies to the fruits of scientific expertise in the form of knowledge. We should think of the role of citizen scientists not only as gathering data for the «actual» scientists to make use of, but also serving as community opinion leaders on science-related topics.

M. Shcherbanska, Y. Kupchyshyna

In the article the content and specifics of students’ work with Ukrainian historical dictionaries in the context of the educational paradigm of future lecturers of the Ukrainian language are clarified. This topic is covered in the context of the analysis of educational and professional programs developed and implemented in the educational process by the lecturers of the Department of Ukrainian Philology of Khmelnytsky National University. The presentation of theoretical positions in diachronic linguistics should be based on illustrative material of historical dictionaries of the Ukrainian language, which should be presented with the help of computer technology available to all participants in the educational process. It is necessary to involve both vocabulary material of academic lexicography and the latest developments of linguists. To acquire lexicographic skills, students solve cognitive, training, creative research tasks on the origin of words, development of lexical meaning of language units, foreign language parallels for borrowed tokens, grammatical characteristics of nouns, phonetic, graphic, spelling variability of words, chronology of their functioning, norms of the modern Ukrainian language, etc. It is expedient to carry out a comparative analysis of lexicographical publications of historical and linguistic courses, paying attention to the peculiarities of the description of language material, selection of source base, construction of dictionary articles, etc. When performing lexical, etymological, grammatical, stylistic exercises, future lecturers are aware of the need to refer to the dictionary. Skills in managing the acquired lexicographic knowledge are necessary to prepare students for research activities. Students perform creative and exploratory tasks that allow them to recognize, systematize, analyze, compare various phenomena and facts reflected in lexicographic sources, comment and evaluate them according to the topic and purpose of the study. Important factors in improving the effectiveness of such activities may be the participation of students in scientific problem groups, circles, participation in scientific conferences, preparation and publication of scientific articles, etc. We consider the creation of electronic dictionaries of various directions to be a promising direction of modern and historical lexicography.

I. TsARALUNHA

In the article the content and specifics of students’ work with Ukrainian historical dictionaries in the context of the educational paradigm of future lecturers of the Ukrainian language are clarified. This topic is covered in the context of the analysis of educational and professional programs developed and implemented in the educational process by the lecturers of the Department of Ukrainian Philology of Khmelnytsky National University. The presentation of theoretical positions in diachronic linguistics should be based on illustrative material of historical dictionaries of the Ukrainian language, which should be presented with the help of computer technology available to all participants in the educational process. It is necessary to involve both vocabulary material of academic lexicography and the latest developments of linguists. To acquire lexicographic skills, students solve cognitive, training, creative research tasks on the origin of words, development of lexical meaning of language units, foreign language parallels for borrowed tokens, grammatical characteristics of nouns, phonetic, graphic, spelling variability of words, chronology of their functioning, norms of the modern Ukrainian language, etc. It is expedient to carry out a comparative analysis of lexicographical publications of historical and linguistic courses, paying attention to the peculiarities of the description of language material, selection of source base, construction of dictionary articles, etc. When performing lexical, etymological, grammatical, stylistic exercises, future lecturers are aware of the need to refer to the dictionary. Skills in managing the acquired lexicographic knowledge are necessary to prepare students for research activities. Students perform creative and exploratory tasks that allow them to recognize, systematize, analyze, compare various phenomena and facts reflected in lexicographic sources, comment and evaluate them according to the topic and purpose of the study. Important factors in improving the effectiveness of such activities may be the participation of students in scientific problem groups, circles, participation in scientific conferences, preparation and publication of scientific articles, etc. We consider the creation of electronic dictionaries of various directions to be a promising direction of modern and historical lexicography.

G. Nekrasova

The paper is dedicated to the anniversary of a talented scientist and teacher, an outstanding Russian Finno-Ugrist, Doctor of Philology, Professor of the Department of General and Finno-Ugric Linguistics of the Institute of Udmurt Philology, Finno-Ugric Studies and Journalism of Udmurt State University, Valey Kelmakovich Kelmakov. The paper identifies the main problems in the historical phonetics of the Udmurt language, considered in the works of the researcher: sources of the study of historical phonetics, reconstruction of the Pra-Udmurt vocalism of the first and non-first syllables, diachronic description of the Udmurt accentuation, reconstruction of Pra-Udmurt consonantism, trends and causes of phonetic processes that took place in the period from the Proto-Permian language to the modern state of the Udmurt language and its dialects. The problems of reconstruction of the vocal and consonant systems of the Udmurt language, which are of particular interest to Permian linguistics, are covered in detail. The personal contribution of the scientist to the solution of topical problems of historical and dialect phonetics of the Udmurt language, to the development of comparative historical Finno-Ugric studies is shown.

A. Izotov

The book includes reports read at the conference in memory of Vladimir Pavlovich Gudkov (Moscow State University, Faculty of Philology, May 24-25, 2021), a well- known Russian Serbocroatist, who from 1991 to 2010 was the head of the Department of Slavic Philology of the Faculty of Philology of Moscow State University. In addition to articles covering various aspects of V.P.Gudkov's activity as a teacher, the book includes works related to his academic interests in the field of linguistics and literary studies. The book is intended for philologists, including students, Slavists and Russianists.

A. Hestvik, Mathias Scharinger, V. Shafer et al.

Department of Linguistics and Cognitive Science, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, United States, 2 Research Group Phonetics, Philipps-University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany, Center of Mind, Brain and Behavior, Universities of Gießen and Marburg, Marburg, Germany, 4 PhD Program in Speech-Language-Hearing Sciences, The Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York, NY, United States, 5 Faculty of Linguistics, Philology and Phonetics, University of Oxford,

J. E. Harris

Gothic leiþu, “strong drink” and its cognates are attested broadly throughout the historical stages of the Germanic languages, but it no longer survives in the modern languages.1 In its respective textual sources, leiþu most often appears in reference to alcoholic drinks, as in the following excerpt from Wulfila’s Gothic Bible: “wairþiþ auk mikils in andwairþja fraujins jah wein jah leiþu ni drigkid”2 (For he will become great in the sight of the Lord, and he will not drink wine and leiþu). Since a large proportion of fundamental work in Germanic philology has been conducted by German-speaking scholars, especially during the nineteenth century, modern students of Germanic philology and historical Germanic linguistics often learn the older Germanic languages (especially Old High German, Old Saxon, and Gothic) using later editions of grammars and readers originally published by nineteenth-century philologists. A preponderance of primers and reference materials created by German-speaking philologists translate leiþu in its many contexts and across numerous older Germanic languages as Obstwein, “fruit wine”; however, this interpretation usually results in awkward and unidiomatic translations, as in the example above: “for he will become great in the sight of the Lord, and he will not drink wine and fruit wine.” In this study, I shall show that leiþu did not refer primarily to fruit wine, but rather encompasses a broad meaning throughout time and space and within the individual Germanic languages; this broad meaning is perhaps best conveyed with the English phrase “strong drink” or German starkes Getränk, “strong drink.” The study is divided into five sections: In Section I, I discuss the reflexes of leiþu in the older Germanic languages and their apparent suggested meaning. In Section II, I review the etymological literature on leiþu in order to determine whether its etymon and cognates in Indo-European

P. Russell

. His research interests include the learned texts in Celtic languages (especially early Irish glossaries), Celtic philology and linguistics, early Welsh orthography, Middle Welsh translation

Jelena Konickaja

On September 8–10, 2022, the VI International Scientific Conference of the Commission on Sociolinguistics, accredited to the International Committee of Slavists, from the series “Slavic languages in a Sociolinguistic Aspect” was held at the Faculty of Philology of Vilnius University. The conference was organized by the Centre of Polish Studies of the Faculty of Philology of VU. 71 reports discussed the most pressing problems of sociolinguistics, ethnolinguistics, cognitive linguistics, widely and diversely reflecting the wide range of questions of the conference. Information about the conference, theses of the participants' presentations are available on the website http://www.sociolingvistika2022.flf.vu.lt/

И.Р. Джамаева, З.Х. Мусаева

Данная статья посвящена анализу связей лингвистики и литературы. Лингвистика, филология и литература являются неразрывно связанными науками, что объясняет многие языковые явления, происходящие в них на протяжении многих столетий. Язык литературы всегда занимал особое место в филологии, привлекая внимание известных ученых. Лингвистические исследования поэтического языка были сосредоточены на метре, синтаксисе и метафоре. This article is devoted to the analysis of the links between linguistics and literature. Linguistics, philology and literature are inextricably linked sciences, which explains many linguistic phenomena that have been occurring in them for many centuries. The language of literature has always occupied a special place in philology, attracting the attention of famous scientists. Linguistic studies of poetic language have focused on meter, syntax, and metaphor.

Maiia Karpushyna, I. Bloshchynskyi, I. Shumylo et al.

The current study inquires about the cadets’ practical training in their primary positions as interpreters/translators. The research is focused on efficient on-the-job training and its organizational procedures for the competence and competency-based approaches. The aim of the practical training of the cadets who study by Philology specialty is to apply English as a foreign language in service situations concerning language immersion and translating issues in the law-enforcement sphere. Needs analysis conducted by the Foreign Languages Department instructors testified to the great significance of the on-the-job training. The Academy’s graduates were interviewed to specify the duties and skills required for their job performance and reveal the gaps in the academic study of the cadets by Philology specialty. For this reason, practical training in linguistics was developed to bring theory and practice together, to improve and foreground the theoretical knowledge through true-to-life task completion. Competencies analysis was made concerning higher education standards by specialty 035 Philology for the first (Bachelor’s) level of higher education established by the Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine, and the relevant ones were selected. Twenty-two cadets of the Academy have undergone practical training in their would-be primary positions. It is expected that the cadets will be provided with relevant experience in the position of an interpreter/translator of the Division of International Cooperation and Border Representative Work and get essential links to the content of the future service. The consequent research will concern the practical training results verification based on their defense presentation assessment.

Jenny Toves, Roman Tashlitskyy, Lana Soglasnova

This report from the field concerns a collaborative project which resulted in successfully adding the Cyrillic fields to about 30,000 Ukrainian bibliographic records in OCLC WorldCat, the world’s largest online catalogue. Historically, the Ukrainian records in English-speaking libraries were only provided in transliteration according to the Library of Congress Romanization Table. However, the current standards also require the original script, such as the Ukrainian Kyrylytsia. While automating the Cyrillicization of Ukrainian legacy records is theoretically straightforward, in practice it faced more than one challenge, from poor quality of transliteration to the historical changes in Ukrainian orthography. The report presents the OCLC Ukrainian Cyrillicization project and discusses the steps in its implementation as an example of a successful collaboration in the areas of bibliographic automation, Ukrainian philology and culture, Slavic cataloguing, and linguistics.

Eman Abdelhakem

The study aimed to identify the reality of the social responsibility of the faculty members and their assistants in the Department of Library and Information at the University of South Valley and their role in community service, to identify the difficulties of achieving social responsibility and proposals for its development, and then to develop a proposed plan to activate and develop social responsibility in the department, and to achieve this goal the study used the case study methodology and adopted On the questionnaire, as a tool for collecting data, it was applied to all 15 members of the faculty and their assistants in the department. The study concluded that the reality of the social responsibility of the members of the study community was an average with an arithmetic average of 1.72, and that the department's role in community service was an average with an arithmetic average of 2.01, and the study also found that there were no statistically significant differences in the reality of social responsibility in the study community due to the gender and degree variables Scientific, years of experience and place of residence. Accordingly, the study recommended strengthening the relationship between the department and the community by attending conferences, seminars, and religious and national events held in the various community institutions and the need to establish a website for the department and direct scientific research to solve community problems and encourage joint research to serve the community and resolve to hold scientific conferences in the department.

Caio Dayrell Santos, Francine Altheman

Democracia em Disputa é uma exposição fotográfica e itinerante sobre as diferentes guinadas e atravessamentos que marcaram a história da democracia no Brasil nas últimas sete décadas. Quando lidas em seu conjunto, as fotos traduzem a tese de Leonardo Avritzer (2018) de um “movimento pendular da democracia brasileira”, isto é, a ideia de uma oscilação entre períodos de regressão e expansão democrática. As imagens refletem o papel da polarização na crise atual da democracia brasileira.