Hasil untuk "Organizational behaviour, change and effectiveness. Corporate culture"

Rodrigo Siqueira, Danilo Monteiro Ribeiro

Context: Corporate education is a strategic investment in the software industry, but little is known about how different professional profiles perceive these initiatives. Objective: To investigate whether sociodemographic and professional variables influence the perception of quality and effectiveness of corporate training in Software Engineering (SE). Method: Non-parametric significance tests were applied to data from a survey with 282 Brazilian professionals, crossing 27 perception items with 9 sociodemographic variables (gender, age, education level, state, experience, professional level, company size, area of work, and nature of participation), totaling 243 combinations. Results: Of the 243 combinations tested, only 35 showed statistical significance. Training mandatoriness was the dominant factor, affecting 24 of 27 items. Length of experience revealed a non-linear descriptive pattern with a low-engagement zone between 3 and 6 years. Differences by area of work indicated an expressive gap in soft skills training for advanced technical roles. Personal profile variables and company size produced no relevant significant differences. Conclusion: Personal profile variables do not determine the perception of quality and effectiveness, while professional trajectory variables (experience, level, area of work) produce localized differences. The voluntariness of participation remains a determining factor, in line with the literature. The absence of gender differences in a sample with 23\% women suggests that barriers operate before training, in access and representation, not during the learning experience.

Junior Cedric Tonga, Chen Cecilia Liu, Iryna Gurevych et al.

Large language models (LLMs) encode rich cultural knowledge learned from diverse web-scale data, offering an unprecedented opportunity to model cultural commonsense at scale. Yet this knowledge remains mostly implicit and unstructured, limiting its interpretability and use. We present an iterative, prompt-based framework for constructing a Cultural Commonsense Knowledge Graph (CCKG) that treats LLMs as cultural archives, systematically eliciting culture-specific entities, relations, and practices and composing them into multi-step inferential chains across languages. We evaluate CCKG on five countries with human judgments of cultural relevance, correctness, and path coherence. We find that the cultural knowledge graphs are better realized in English, even when the target culture is non-English (e.g., Chinese, Indonesian, Arabic), indicating uneven cultural encoding in current LLMs. Augmenting smaller LLMs with CCKG improves performance on cultural reasoning and story generation, with the largest gains from English chains. Our results show both the promise and limits of LLMs as cultural technologies and that chain-structured cultural knowledge is a practical substrate for culturally grounded NLP.

A. Humayun

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is one of the most critical emerging public health threats in this century, jeopardizing decades of success in the treatment of infectious diseases in medical sciences. The discovery and effectiveness of these miracle drugs have now changed into a nightmare due to inefficient regulatory oversight, overprescription, and misuse as a widespread practice. Highly infectious disease-burden countries are poorly performing in stewardship practices, including Pakistan. Antimicrobial stewardship is considered a fundamental strategy to optimize and rationalize the use of antibiotics. An analysis of antibiotic consumption over the last two decades has risen dramatically, showing a 65% increase between 2000 and 2015, with the fastest growth in LMICs. Pakistan is one of these countries with limited regulatory frameworks and diagnostic capacity [1]. High patient volume, poor microbiological support, patients & families’ pressure, healthcare providers’ attitude, over-the-counter availability of antibiotics, and delayed diagnostic results are major contributing factors towards high consumption of antibiotics in Pakistan. Pakistan endorsed the Global Action Plan on AMR by the WHO and developed the National Action Plan (NAP) on AMR in 2017. The NAP emphasizes surveillance, infection prevention and control, rational use of antimicrobials, and multisectoral collaboration using the “One Health” approach through integrating human, animal, and environmental sectors [2]. National institutions such as the National Institutes of Health Pakistan have strengthened surveillance systems and are coordinating national efforts to monitor antimicrobial resistance trends. Now, Pakistan has initiated development of a second national action plan to strengthen provincial implementation mechanisms [3]. The National Institute of Health (NIH) is actively working on policy development and AMR reporting; the national strategies are poorly translated into existing stewardship efforts across Pakistani institutions. Evidence suggests that AMS (antimicrobial stewardship) programs are implemented in only a minority of hospitals, as reported in a study that only 7.6% of paediatricians worked in institutions with functional AMS and merely 15% had received formal training in antibiotic use, AMR, or stewardship principles [4]. Hospital policies and prescribing SOPs and practices further illustrate the level and scale of the challenge. There is substantial antibiotic utilization in hospitals of Pakistan, so a need for structured stewardship interventions to rationalize prescribing patterns [5]. The empirical therapy predominates, while microbiological culture and sensitivity testing remain underutilized. The change in the use of antibiotics in Pakistan has been in terms of the increase in the number of doses per day used over the past decades, with an approximate of 800 million to over 1.3 billion doses being used daily. Implementation of stewardship is not a universal requirement of accreditation of hospitals, and thus institutional priorities are inconsistent [6]. The Pakistani hospitals do not have specific spreaders of infectious diseases, well-trained clinical pharmacists, and electronic prescription systems, which are normally needed in facilitating successful stewardship programmes. Another critical aspect of evidence-based prescribing that impedes it in lower levels of the healthcare system is diagnostic limitations. However, it is possible to note that academic and tertiary healthcare organizations are forming multidisciplinary stewardship teams that include infectious disease specialists, microbiologists, pharmacists, and infection prevention experts. Such teams have been aiming at interventions like formulary restrictions, antimicrobial review rounds, and the spread of hospital antibiograms. It is indicated that the interventions can enhance the prescribing behaviours and decrease the use of antimicrobials when implemented properly [7]. Education and capacity building are also some of the essential pillars of antimicrobial stewardship. Research in Pakistan has demonstrated that specific training can increase knowledge levels on AMR and stewardship to a great extent [8]. The implementation of stewardship ideas in undergraduate and postgraduate medical, pharmacy, and nursing programs should be adopted as a long-term sustainable approach to enhance the stewardship capacity. CPD programs and institutional training initiatives can further support clinicians in implementing evidence-based prescribing practices. Beyond hospitals, a broader systems approach is needed for combating AMR. Community prescribing practices, the private healthcare system, and pharmaceutical supply chains all influence antibiotic consumption patterns in Pakistan. Over-the-counter access to antibiotics continues to contribute to self-medication and inappropriate use among the general population. Regulatory oversight of antibiotic dispensing, expanding public awareness campaigns, and improving infection prevention and control practices across healthcare settings need to be strengthened, as these are the essential components of a comprehensive national strategy. Pakistan is at a critical juncture in its response to AMR, so strengthening stewardship efforts is essential to preserve the effectiveness of existing antimicrobials and to prevent the escalating threat of antimicrobial resistance.

Francisca Arboh, Xiaoxian Zhu, Samuel Atingabili et al.

PURPOSE The primary purpose of the study was to explore the impact of health workers' awareness of artificial intelligence (AI) on their workplace well-being, addressing a critical gap in the literature. By examining this relationship through the lens of the Job demands-resources (JD-R) model, the study aimed to provide insights into how health workers' perceptions of AI integration in their jobs and careers could influence their informal learning behaviour and, consequently, their overall well-being in the workplace. The study's findings could inform strategies for supporting healthcare workers during technological transformations. DESIGN/METHODOLOGY/APPROACH The study employed a quantitative research design using a survey methodology to collect data from 420 health workers across 10 hospitals in Ghana that have adopted AI technologies. The study was analysed using OLS and structural equation modelling. FINDINGS The study findings revealed that health workers' AI awareness positively impacts their informal learning behaviour at the workplace. Again, informal learning behaviour positively impacts health workers' workplace well-being. Moreover, informal learning behaviour mediates the relationship between health workers' AI awareness and workplace wellbeing. Furthermore, employee learning orientation was found to strengthen the effect of AI awareness on informal learning behaviour. RESEARCH LIMITATIONS/IMPLICATIONS While the study provides valuable insights, it is important to acknowledge its limitations. The study was conducted in a specific context (Ghanaian hospitals adopting AI), which may limit the generalizability of the findings to other healthcare settings or industries. Self-reported data from the questionnaires may be subject to response biases, and the study did not account for potential confounding factors that could influence the relationships between the variables. PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS The study offers practical implications for healthcare organizations navigating the digital transformation era. By understanding the positive impact of health workers' AI awareness on their informal learning behaviour and well-being, organizations can prioritize initiatives that foster a learning-oriented culture and provide opportunities for informal learning. This could include implementing mentorship programs, encouraging knowledge-sharing among employees and offering training and development resources to help workers adapt to AI-driven changes. Additionally, the findings highlight the importance of promoting employee learning orientation, which can enhance the effectiveness of such initiatives. ORIGINALITY/VALUE The study contributes to the existing literature by addressing a relatively unexplored area - the impact of AI awareness on healthcare workers' well-being. While previous research has focused on the potential job displacement effects of AI, this study takes a unique perspective by examining how health workers' perceptions of AI integration can shape their informal learning behaviour and, subsequently, their workplace well-being. By drawing on the JD-R model and incorporating employee learning orientation as a moderator, the study offers a novel theoretical framework for understanding the implications of AI adoption in healthcare organizations.

Keane Ong, Rui Mao, Deeksha Varshney et al.

Evaluating corporate sustainability performance is essential to drive sustainable business practices, amid the need for a more sustainable economy. However, this is hindered by the complexity and volume of corporate sustainability data (i.e. sustainability disclosures), not least by the effectiveness of the NLP tools used to analyse them. To this end, we identify three primary challenges - immateriality, complexity, and subjectivity, that exacerbate the difficulty of extracting insights from sustainability disclosures. To address these issues, we introduce ESGSenticNet, a publicly available knowledge base for sustainability analysis. ESGSenticNet is constructed from a neurosymbolic framework that integrates specialised concept parsing, GPT-4o inference, and semi-supervised label propagation, together with a hierarchical taxonomy. This approach culminates in a structured knowledge base of 44k knowledge triplets - ('halve carbon emission', supports, 'emissions control'), for effective sustainability analysis. Experiments indicate that ESGSenticNet, when deployed as a lexical method, more effectively captures relevant and actionable sustainability information from sustainability disclosures compared to state of the art baselines. Besides capturing a high number of unique ESG topic terms, ESGSenticNet outperforms baselines on the ESG relatedness and ESG action orientation of these terms by 26% and 31% respectively. These metrics describe the extent to which topic terms are related to ESG, and depict an action toward ESG. Moreover, when deployed as a lexical method, ESGSenticNet does not require any training, possessing a key advantage in its simplicity for non-technical stakeholders.

Yuchen Song, Andong Chen, Wenxin Zhu et al.

Cultural awareness capabilities have emerged as a critical capability for Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs). However, current benchmarks lack progressed difficulty in their task design and are deficient in cross-lingual tasks. Moreover, current benchmarks often use real-world images. Each real-world image typically contains one culture, making these benchmarks relatively easy for MLLMs. Based on this, we propose C$^3$B (Comics Cross-Cultural Benchmark), a novel multicultural, multitask and multilingual cultural awareness capabilities benchmark. C$^3$B comprises over 2000 images and over 18000 QA pairs, constructed on three tasks with progressed difficulties, from basic visual recognition to higher-level cultural conflict understanding, and finally to cultural content generation. We conducted evaluations on 11 open-source MLLMs, revealing a significant performance gap between MLLMs and human performance. The gap demonstrates that C$^3$B poses substantial challenges for current MLLMs, encouraging future research to advance the cultural awareness capabilities of MLLMs.

Jun Cui

This study investigates the relationship between corporate digital innovation and Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) performance, with a specific focus on the mediating role of Generative artificial intelligence technology adoption. Using a comprehensive panel dataset of 8,000 observations from the CMARS and WIND database spanning from 2015 to 2023, we employ multiple econometric techniques to examine this relationship. Our findings reveal that digital innovation significantly enhances corporate ESG performance, with GAI technology adoption serving as a crucial mediating mechanism. Specifically, digital innovation positively influences GAI technology adoption, which subsequently improves ESG performance. Furthermore, our heterogeneity analysis indicates that this relationship varies across firm size, industry type, and ownership structure. Finally, our results remain robust after addressing potential endogeneity concerns through instrumental variable estimation, propensity score matching, and differenc in differences approaches. This research contributes to the growing literature on technologydriven sustainability transformations and offers practical implications for corporate strategy and policy development in promoting sustainable business practices through technological advancement.

Yumeng Shi, Zhongliang Yang, Yisi Wang et al.

In the domain of corporate credit rating, traditional deep learning methods have improved predictive accuracy but still suffer from the inherent 'black-box' problem and limited interpretability. While incorporating non-financial information enriches the data and provides partial interpretability, the models still lack hierarchical reasoning mechanisms, limiting their comprehensive analytical capabilities. To address these challenges, we propose CreditXAI, a Multi-Agent System (MAS) framework that simulates the collaborative decision-making process of professional credit analysts. The framework focuses on business, financial, and governance risk dimensions to generate consistent and interpretable credit assessments. Experimental results demonstrate that multi-agent collaboration improves predictive accuracy by more than 7% over the best single-agent baseline, confirming its significant synergistic advantage in corporate credit risk evaluation. This study provides a new technical pathway to build intelligent and interpretable credit rating models.

Ammar Younas

Contemporary discussions in AI ethics often treat culture as a source of normative divergence that needs to be accommodated, tolerated, or managed due to its resistance to universal standards. This paper offers an alternative vision through the concept of "Cultural Co-Genesis of AI Ethics." Rather than viewing culture as a boundary or container of isolated moral systems, we argue that it is a generative space for ethical co-production. In this framework, ethical values emerge through intercultural engagement, dialogical encounters, mutual recognition, and shared moral inquiry. This approach resists both universalist imposition and relativistic fragmentation. Cultures are not approached as absolutes to be defended or dissolved, but as co-authors of a dynamic ethical landscape. By grounding AI ethics in Cultural Co-Genesis, we move from managing difference to constructing shared ethical meaning for AI ethics, with culture as a partner, not a problem. We support this framework with two cases: (1) a theoretical analysis of how various cultures interpret the emergence of powerful new species, challenging dominant existential risk narratives, and (2) an empirical study of global AI ethics principles using data from the Linking AI Principles project, which reveals deep ethical convergence despite cultural diversity. We conclude that cross-cultural AI ethics should be seen not as an ethical patchwork, but as a mosaic in progress, woven from the normative insights that emerge between cultures.

Vinh Truong

Understanding consumer emotional experiences on e-commerce platforms is essential for businesses striving to enhance customer engagement and personalisation. Recent research has demonstrated that these experiences are more intricate and diverse than previously examined, encompassing a wider range of discrete emotions and spanning multiple-dimensional scales. This study examines how gender and cultural differences shape these complex emotional responses, revealing significant variations between male and female consumers across all sentiment, valence, arousal, and dominance scores. Additionally, clear cultural distinctions emerge, with Western and Eastern consumers displaying markedly different emotional behaviours across the larger spectrum of emotions, including admiration, amusement, approval, caring, curiosity, desire, disappointment, optimism, and pride. Furthermore, the study uncovers a critical interaction between gender and culture in shaping consumer emotions. Notably, gender-based emotional disparities are more pronounced in Western cultures than in Eastern ones, an aspect that has been largely overlooked in previous research. From a theoretical perspective, this study advances the understanding of gender and cultural variations in online consumer behaviour by integrating insights from neuroscience theories and Hofstede cultural dimension model. Practically, it offers valuable guidance for businesses, equipping them with the tools to more accurately interpret customer feedback, refine sentiment and emotional analysis models, and develop personalised marketing strategies.

V. Panchenko, O. Panchenko

The article explores the process of digitalizing logistics as a strategic tool for improving the efficiency of managerial decisions within an organization. The authors substantiate the relevance of the study in the context of the digital transformation of the economy, where logistics plays the role of an integrative element of the management system, ensuring transparency, adaptability, and effectiveness of business processes. The aim of the study is to determine the impact of digital technologies on enhancing the quality, promptness, and soundness of managerial decisions in the organization's logistics activities. To achieve this aim, the theoretical foundations of logistics digitalization were examined, its key technological components were identified, the benefits of implementing digital tools were outlined, as well as the main barriers and risks of the digital transformation of logistic processes. The article also systematizes modern digital technologies that form the basis for efficient management of logistic processes: ERP, WMS, and TMS systems, Internet of Things technologies, artificial intelligence, blockchain, and business analytics. Their impact on the integration of information flows, operation automation, improvement of demand forecasting accuracy, inventory optimization, and cost reduction has been identified. The authors emphasize that the digitalization of logistics facilitates the transition to a data-driven management model, where managerial decisions are based on analytical processing of reliable information rather than on intuitive judgments. This enables the reduction of information uncertainty, increases responsiveness to changes in the external environment, and ensures efficient enterprise functioning in a competitive market. The analytical role of logistics in shaping strategic management decisions based on the integration of financial, production, and transportation data is also revealed. It has been found that digital platforms contribute to enhancing the transparency of business processes, ensure real-time monitoring of logistics operations, allow for the prompt identification of deviations, and facilitate managerial decision-making. It is substantiated that analytical support for management decisions, based on the use of big data and Business Intelligence tools, forms a foundation for transitioning to proactive management focused on forecasting market trends and optimizing resources. The article identifies the main challenges in implementing digital technologies in logistics, including the high cost of digital solutions, a shortage of qualified personnel, cybersecurity risks, organizational resistance to change, and technical limitations in integrating different systems. It is demonstrated that the successful implementation of digital transformation requires a comprehensive approach that combines investment support, staff competency development, the establishment of a corporate culture of innovation, and a risk management system. The research results confirm that the level of digital development of logistics processes is a determining factor in the efficiency of managerial decisions. Digital logistics acts not only as a functional subsystem of an organization but also as a strategic platform for making informed decisions based on analytical data. Directions for the development of digital logistics have been proposed, focusing on the integration of digital technologies, analytics, and managerial competencies. It is concluded that the digitalization of logistics creates a new management paradigm based on analyticity, transparency, and flexibility, and is a key factor in enhancing the competitiveness of organizations in the global digital environment.

Shivangi Verma, Naval Garg

PurposeIn the information and technology age, where the “physical” world is merged with the “digital” world, the nature of social conditions, relations, citizenship and the flow of information has shifted from a moral and legal approach to a digital approach. Nowadays, the functioning, dissemination, conduct and governance of organisations and their members are regulated by techno-ethical and digital principles. Drawing on social cognitive theory, the study hypothesises that techno-ethical orientation predicts corporate ethical values (CEV) through the moderation of digital citizenship behaviour (DC). The study further proposes that each dimension of DC: online respect (OR) and online civic engagement (OCE), moderates the hypothesised relationship.Design/methodology/approach546 respondents from India participated in the study. The responses were captured using structured and well-established questionnaires. The analysis was performed using robust measures of correlation, regression, reliability (Cronbach’s alpha and composite reliability) and validity (convergent and discriminant validity). The moderation influence of DC was tested and analysed using structural equation modelling (SEM) Analysis of Moment Structures (AMOS).FindingsThe regression findings of the study revealed that the techno-ethical orientation positively predicts the CEV. R-square values showed a 24.1% variation in corporate ethical value was explained by techno-ethical orientation. It indicates that a positive techno-ethical orientation establishes the ethical context and corporate values. Besides, the moderation analysis using SEM AMOS indicates that at both low and high levels of OR and OCE, the relationship between techno-ethical orientation and CEV is positive and significant.Originality/valueThis study demonstrates a new facet of technology ethics that promotes the institutionalisation of CEV through DC. This study is the first to explore the interaction between techno-ethical orientation and CEV. Even though various former factors concerning ethical conduct have been examined, the results of the techno-ethical conduct of employees within the scope of an organisation have not been explored so far.

Hanna Pysarevska, Tetiana P. Shuba, Denys Spas

The article studies business communications as a key direction of the enterprise’s HR policy. It aims to substantiate the implementation of business communications as a tool of the enterprise’s HR policy based on digitalization and modern HR trends. It is determined that HR policy is a key element of human capital management, which combines principles, tools, and tasks to ensure a balance between employees’ production, social, and personal needs. Particular attention is paid to modern aspects of personnel management, including the automation of HR processes through digital platforms, which contributes to increasing the efficiency of the organization’s work. Business communications are characterized as a fundamental component of HR policy, which ensures transparency of interaction between employees, increases their involvement, and develops a corporate culture that meets the company’s strategic goals. The article identifies the main types of business communications: vertical (interaction between managers and subordinates); horizontal (collaboration between departments); formal (reporting, regulatory procedures); informal (teambuilding, informal meetings); digital (use of HR platforms and mobile applications); communications during changes (adaptation to innovative transformations). The implementation of HR-Digital in the activities of enterprises is considered, where modern platforms play a key role in the transformation of employee interaction. The effectiveness of such systems as BambooHR, Zoho People, and Hurma System, which allow centralizing data, automating routine tasks, optimizing business processes, and increasing the productivity of organizations, has been analyzed. The study results confirm that integrating modern digital technologies into HR practice is an important step in ensuring the strategic competitiveness of enterprises. The article identifies promising areas for further research related to developing tools for practically implementing the digitalization of business communications in domestic enterprises. Keywords: business communications, HR-policy, digital platforms, digitalization.

Hannah Andrews, Aurora Hawcroft

As both artificial intelligence (AI) and creativity are being foregrounded in UK policy agendas, this paper identifies a striking underrepresentation of artists and artistic practice in cultural policy discussing creative innovation. This is despite increasing academic literature, arts-led research, and case studies evidencing a close and dialogic relationship between art and AI. To illustrate this, we first call attention to the impact artistic practice has on AI, against the more common discourse of AI’s impact on the arts. We then review UK policy addressing the intersection of the cultural sector, creative industries, and digital sector. Taking this context into account, we argue that artists and artistic practice are currently underrepresented in cultural policy advocating for investment in creative innovation. We suggest this under-acknowledgement is embedded as foundationally as the policy language used to articulate the intersection of arts and technologies, foregrounded by the semantic separation of “Visual arts” and “Artistic creation” from the “Digital Sector” in UK Standard Industrial Classifications. This separation reveals a misalignment of policy and practice that risks underrepresenting the important contribution artists make to the development of AI, and discourse around its role in society. Addressing this misalignment requires a review of policy language used to articulate the intersection of the cultural sector, creative industries, and digital sector in order to more closely align artistic practice with the development of AI. This is an important first step in establishing cultural policy that recognises, prioritises, and invests in artists as the agents of creative innovation that literature and practice evidence them to be.

Fatemeh Tahmasbi, Aakarsha Chug, Barry Bradlyn et al.

The increasing frequency of mass shootings in the United States has, unfortunately, become a norm. While the issue of gun control in the US involves complex legal concerns, there are also societal issues at play. One such social issue is so-called "gun culture," i.e., a general set of beliefs and actions related to gun ownership. However relatively little is known about gun culture, and even less is known when it comes to fringe online communities. This is especially worrying considering the aforementioned rise in mass shootings and numerous instances of shooters being radicalized online. To address this gap, we explore gun culture on /k/, 4chan's weapons board. More specifically, using a variety of quantitative techniques, we examine over 4M posts on /k/ and position their discussion within the larger body of theoretical understanding of gun culture. Among other things, our findings suggest that gun culture on /k/ covers a relatively diverse set of topics (with a particular focus on legal discussion), some of which are signals of fetishism.

Yudiansyah B, Yasmirah Mandasari Saragih, Syaiful Asmi

The purpose of writing this journal is to identify and analyze the ways and motives behind corrupt acts carried out by corporations, as well as understand the organizational structure and market dynamics that influence these corrupt practices. And evaluate the legal consequences that apply to corporations involved in acts of corruption and examine the effectiveness of implementing these penalties in efforts to prevent and overcome corruption among corporations. The approach method used in this research is Normative Law (normative juridical) using a statutory approach, a conceptual approach, and a comparative and empirical approach (field data). The research results show that corporations are involved in acts of corruption through various, often complex and covert means, driven by motives to increase profits, dominate markets, or avoid regulations. The mechanisms they use range from giving bribes, manipulating tenders, to money laundering practices. Corporations involved in acts of corruption can face a number of legal consequences, ranging from heavy fines, license revocation, asset confiscation, to operational restrictions. Although these penalties are intended to provide a deterrent effect, their effectiveness in preventing corporate corruption often varies. While fines may have a financial impact, without significant internal changes in corporate culture and governance, the potential for a return to corrupt behavior remains.

Liliia Voinycha, Andriy Verzun

Human Resource Management emerged as a concept in the 1980s. The rebranding of personnel management quickly gained popularity, but many organizations needed to become acquainted with the evolution of theoretical research underlying this concept. This study aims to provide a brief and accessible overview of human resource management's evolution and current research in this field. An analysis of research on the origins of human resource management is conducted, addressing issues related to the functions, roles, and strategies of managers and current debates on how human resource management affects organizational effectiveness. The results of a retrospective analysis of approaches to interpreting the "personnel management" concept are presented. The theoretical framework for defining "enterprise human resource management" is justified. The genesis of human resource management paradigms is considered from technocratic thinking, based on managerial rationalism, to future-oriented management with a priority orientation towards strategic human resource management. It is noted that mastering advanced management technologies is impossible without mastering the fundamentals of the humanistic paradigm, which provides a comprehensive understanding of the evolution and functioning of various organizations, taking into account the deep mechanisms of human behavior and the development of human potential in the face of changing external environments. Additionally, business globalization implies that human resource management professionals must be more proactive in areas such as business ethics, corporate governance, and managing employees' work-life balance. Considering the stochastic nature of the external environment, uncertainty, political and economic instability, and economic globalization, it is noted that the potential of human resources serves as a tool for reducing business risks. In these conditions, business exists for people rather than people for business. It is noted that business globalization implies that human resource management professionals must be more proactive in areas such as business ethics, corporate governance, and managing employees' work-life balance. Changes in communication and information technologies, such as the digital revolution, satellite communication, and cellular networks, will require the adoption of strategic international or global models of personnel management, which will be implemented through radically new approaches to strategies, structures, organizational culture, personnel management practices, and labor relations. Keywords: human resource management, personnel management, organizational effectiveness, productivity leadership, management, organizational culture.

A. Gagneur

According to the World Health Organization, vaccine hesitancy is among the top threats to global health and few effective strategies address this growing problem. In Canada, approximatively 20% of parents/caregivers are concerned about their children receiving vaccines. Trying to convince them by simply providing the facts about vaccination may backfire and make parents/caregivers even more hesitant. In this context, how can health care providers overcome the challenge of parental decision-making needs regarding vaccination of their children? Motivational interviewing aims to support decision making by eliciting and strengthening a person's motivation to change their behaviour based on their own arguments for change. This approach is based on three main components: the spirit to cultivate a culture of partnership and compassion; the processes to foster engagement in the relationship and focus the discussion on the target of change; and the skills that enable health care providers to understand and address the parent/caregiver's real concerns. With regard to immunization, the motivational interviewing approach aims to inform parents/caregivers about vaccinations, according to their specific needs and their individual level of knowledge, with respectful acceptance of their beliefs. The use of motivational interviewing calls for a respectful and empathetic discussion of vaccination and helps to build a strong relationship. Numerous studies in Canada, including multicentre randomized controlled trials, have proven the effectiveness of the motivational interviewing approach. Since 2018, the PromoVac strategy, an educational intervention based on the motivational interviewing approach, has been implemented as a new practice of care in maternity wards across the province of Quebec through the Entretien Motivationnel en Maternité pour l'Immunisation des Enfants (EMMIE) program.

Meltem Özge Özcanlı, Çetin Önder

Diffusion research has clearly demonstrated that international processes are responsible for widespread adoption of neoliberal policies but retained a limited grasp of internal factors that enhance or undermine the ability of countries to adopt diffusing models. This shortcoming gave us an opportunity to examine the effects of political institutions on policy adoption to expand the range of potentially important domestic factors for policy differences. In this regard, we emphasized the roles that the states could play in providing policy directions for countries depending on their ability or willingness to ensure judicial independence, demonstrate capacity, and promote democracy. Specifically, stock markets provided an appropriate setting for this study as the spread of this model in the past several decades has been rapid but not as ubiquitous. Accordingly, we advanced a number of hypotheses concerning the impacts of judicial independence, state capacity, and democracy on stock exchange adoption. The results from survival models using data for as many as 92 countries between 1980 and 2017 generally supported our hypotheses. The study found that not only do independent effects of all three political institutions help explain the establishment of a country’s first stock exchange but also the interrelationship between judicial independence and state capacity through a mediational process. Our main contribution is to establish that judicial independence, state capacity, and democracy are central to better understanding the roles that the states play in determining whether the reforms advocated by the international community are introduced at the national level.