Hasil untuk "Information resources (General)"

Camila de Azevedo Gibbon, Patricia da Silva Neubert, Thiago Magela Rodrigues Dias

Resumo A Ciência Aberta é compreendida aqui como um ecossistema agregador de movimentos que compartilham da mesma perspectiva de abertura, transparência e colaboração da ciência. Em alinhamento com este prisma, a região latino-americana apresenta tradição na adoção de práticas e iniciativas de Ciência Aberta para potencializar sua infraestrutura científica. Desse modo, a pesquisa tem como principal objetivo analisar a publicação científica latino-americana sobre Ciência Aberta. Mais especificamente, busca-se investigar a apropriação das facetas de Ciência Aberta pelos países latino-americanos e campos do conhecimento, além de comparar as características de sua indexação entre uma base de dados regional e uma internacional. Com uma abordagem metodológica descritiva, documental-bibliográfica e quantitativa, o universo da pesquisa é composto por 1.687 artigos científicos com ao menos uma autoria afiliada a instituições latino-americanas indexados nas bases de dados Scientific Electronic Library Online e Web of Science. Com relação às temáticas de Ciência Aberta, a faceta de Ciência Cidadã foi a mais encontrada no corpus (28,47%), seguida por Acesso Aberto (23,47%). O próprio termo “Ciência Aberta” concentra apenas 9% do quantitativo analisado. Observando as facetas de Ciência Aberta com relação aos campos do conhecimento, Tecnologia (32,62%) e Ciências da Vida & Biomedicina (31,68%) são os destaques. Ao analisar as bases separadamente, Web of Science indexa artigos, principalmente, da faceta de Ciência Cidadã e Scientific Electronic Library Online de Acesso Aberto.

Maria K. Stahl, Kari E. Veblen, Tal Avgar

Abstract The popularity of the field of movement ecology has increased in recent decades in part due to advances in tracking and computing technology. However, the field still contains many knowledge gaps that will be filled not by improvements in technology, but by employing novel experimental approaches. Most animal movement studies are based on wildlife populations, where complete system knowledge and experimental control are typically minimal. Here we propose the use of rangeland-based livestock operations, where livestock range freely in large, heterogeneous pastures, as model systems for addressing outstanding questions related to the movement ecology of large mammalian herbivores. This is a particularly timely topic due to recent advances in precision ranching technology, which enable high-resolution remote monitoring (and, in some cases, manipulation) of livestock and their surrounding resources. We walk through four examples of open questions in animal movement ecology that can be addressed with rangeland-based livestock operations as model systems: (1) How does animal nutritional state affect movement patterns? (2) What are the roles of genetics vs. social learning in determining movement traits? (3) How do movement traits affect life history syndromes? and (4) How does population density affect movement traits and patterns? Rangeland-based livestock systems contain robust, readily accessible, individual-level genealogical and life history information; complete, herd-level coverage of individuals with spatial tracking and physiological monitoring devices; and opportunities for straightforward and safe experimental manipulation of population and environmental characteristics to an extent that is infeasible in wild populations. We argue that by leveraging this wealth of information, researchers can make great strides toward advancing the field of animal movement ecology.

Fernanda de Souza Farias, Antònio Augusto Ferreira de Oliveira

Este artigo propõe uma abordagem ontológica para diferenciar dado cadastral e indício tributário no processo de desenvolvimento de um sistema cadastral nacional. A distinção entre os conceitos fortalece a governança de dados, a justiça fiscal e a função multifinalitária do cadastro, contribuindo para a efetividade de políticas públicas e para os Objetivos de Desenvolvimento Sustentável, especialmente o ODS 11. Com base no Land Administration Domain Model (ISO 19152), a proposta apoia a implantação do Sistema Nacional de Gestão de Informações Territoriais (Sinter) e do Cadastro Imobiliário Brasileiro (CIB), promovendo interoperabilidade e padronização nacional entre os múltiplos sistemas cadastrais existentes.

Viorica Mirela ȘTEFAN-DUICU, Mihaela SUDACEVSCHI, Maria Zenovia GRIGORE

This article focuses on the importance and the strategic role of generative artificial intelligence in process management at the organizational level and outlines the conceptual framework of generative AI technology. At a company level, decision-making processes are directly influenced by the automation of operational processes to a large extent, with human resource being the key to information modelling. The purpose of this paper is to highlight the impact and how generative AI technologies can be strategically leveraged within a company. These aspect concentrates on sustaining innovation at a high level and maintaining a competitive advantage in a dynamic economy. The main points of the research include: descriptive elements of AI technologies, exploration of generative AI capability in organizational environment processes, the strategic role of using these technologies, describing human resources in reshaping the results obtained and the conduct of work processes, identifying challenges and managing risks in this modern global framework of functioning in the human resources market. Generative AI technologies present a major potential in handling the company's business because it provides support on every operational level, being a strategic mechanism that facilitates adaptation to the innovative markets and resilient conditions.

T. Dawber, W. Kannel, Lorna P. Lyell

Sarah Callaghan, Tanita Casci, Kathryn Dally et al.

The adoption of up-to-date research practices is the foundation of reliable and trusted academic research. Yet researchers are often left to piece together increasingly more complex and ever-evolving guidance on how to design, plan, execute, and report their research findings or sources. Higher educational institutions have a responsibility to develop more coherent ways to assist researchers to access the latest policies, guidance, and tools, e.g. for establishing equitable partnerships, managing research data, ensuring information security, choosing open and reproducible publication models. At the University of Oxford, enabling and promoting good research practice is one of three key pillars in our research culture strategy. To deliver on the institutional ambitions for Research Practice, we are designing and implementing a comprehensive training and support programme, which includes running digital transformation projects and defining organisational guidance and policies. This paper focuses on the training component and the creation of a set of short, e-learning modules on topics which include: Research Integrity and Governance; Open Research Practices; Research Design; Collaboration; Data; Authorship, Publication and Peer Review; and Research Impact and Public Engagement. We share the criteria we have developed to help us map, assess and integrate pre-existing training and resources. The central aim is to deliver researcher-centred educational material that is applicable to any discipline and career stage. We also discuss how we are engaging key domain experts across the university through membership of small working groups for each of the modules. Once the core modules have been finalised, the materials will be publicly released under an open licence. Funding Acknowledgement The Research Practice Programme is funded by the University of Oxford with support from the Enhancing Research Culture Fund from Research England.

Francesco Luigi De Faveri, Guglielmo Faggioli, Nicola Ferro

Ensuring the effectiveness of search queries while protecting user privacy remains an open issue. When an Information Retrieval System (IRS) does not protect the privacy of its users, sensitive information may be disclosed through the queries sent to the system. Recent improvements, especially in NLP, have shown the potential of using Differential Privacy to obfuscate texts while maintaining satisfactory effectiveness. However, such approaches may protect the user's privacy only from a theoretical perspective while, in practice, the real user's information need can still be inferred if perturbed terms are too semantically similar to the original ones. We overcome such limitations by proposing Word Blending Boxes, a novel differentially private mechanism for query obfuscation, which protects the words in the user queries by employing safe boxes. To measure the overall effectiveness of the proposed WBB mechanism, we measure the privacy obtained by the obfuscation process, i.e., the lexical and semantic similarity between original and obfuscated queries. Moreover, we assess the effectiveness of the privatized queries in retrieving relevant documents from the IRS. Our findings indicate that WBB can be integrated effectively into existing IRSs, offering a key to the challenge of protecting user privacy from both a theoretical and a practical point of view.

Satish Kumar, Kuldeep Gangwar, Anirban Pathak

Two protocols are proposed for two closely linked but different variants of remote implementation of quantum operators of specific forms. The first protocol is designed for the remote implementation of the single qubit hidden quantum operator, whereas the second one is designed for the remote implementation of the partially unknown single qubit quantum operator. In both cases two-qubit maximally entangled state, which is entangled in the spatial degree of freedom is used. The quantum resources used here are optimal and easy to realize and maintain in comparison to the multi-partite or multi-mode entangled states used in earlier works. The impact of photon loss due to interaction with the environment is analyzed for both the schemes. The proposed protocols are also generalized to their controlled, bidirectional, cyclic, controlled cyclic, and controlled bidirectional versions and it is shown that either Bell state alone or products of Bell states will be sufficient to perform these tasks with some additional classical communications in the controlled cases only. This is in sharp contrast to the earlier proposals that require large entangled states. In addition, it's noted that remote implementation of hidden or partially unknown operators involving multiple controllers and/or multiple players who jointly apply the desired operator(s) would require quantum channels more complex than the Bell states and their products. Explicit forms of such quantum channels are also provided.

Nelidov V.V.

The article provides a general evaluation of the Russian direction of Japan’s foreign policy as of late 2023 and analyzes the factors that determine its contents. It considers the speeches of the Prime Minister of Japan, the sections of the Japanese Foreign Ministry’s publications which focus on Russia-Japan relations, analyzes the state of economic ties given the sanctions imposed by Japan on Russia, and studies the place of Russia in Japan’s National Security Strategy, adopted in late 2022. The author comes to the conclusion that, despite the obvious influence of the U.S. on the Japanese position regarding Russia, one can hardly speak of Washington bluntly imposing its views on Tokyo. Rather, we find an already established consensus regarding this issue between Japan and the U.S. Meanwhile, the “foreign pressure” is not limited to interaction with the United States, as cooperation with multilateral formats of the “collective West” starts to play an increasingly important role for Japan. From the point of view of domestic politics, the situation also facilitates the continuation of Tokyo’s anti -Russian course, as, within the country, those expressing alternative points of view are de-facto subject to ostracism and “cancelling.” But, even given all these negative factors, one can still glimpse some signs of pragmatism in the Russian direction of Japan’s foreign policy. This lets one hope that, should the Ukrainian crisis be resolved, the Japanese leadership will not put obstacles in the way of normalization of Russia-Japan relations.

Yanina Y. Shkel, Anuj Kumar Yadav

Given two jointly distributed random variables $(X,Y)$, a functional representation of $X$ is a random variable $Z$ independent of $Y$, and a deterministic function $g(\cdot, \cdot)$ such that $X=g(Y,Z)$. The problem of finding a minimum entropy functional representation is known to be equivalent to the problem of finding a minimum entropy coupling where, given a collection of probability distributions $P_1, \dots, P_m$, the goal is to find a coupling $X_1, \dots, X_m$ ($X_i \sim P_i)$ with the smallest entropy $H_α(X_1, \dots, X_m)$. This paper presents a new information spectrum converse, and applies it to obtain direct lower bounds on minimum entropy in both problems. The new results improve on all known lower bounds, including previous lower bounds based on the concept of majorization. In particular, the presented proofs leverage both - the information spectrum and the majorization - perspectives on minimum entropy couplings and functional representations.

Christos Plachouras, Pablo Alonso-Jiménez, Dmitry Bogdanov

Music Information Retrieval (MIR) research is increasingly leveraging representation learning to obtain more compact, powerful music audio representations for various downstream MIR tasks. However, current representation evaluation methods are fragmented due to discrepancies in audio and label preprocessing, downstream model and metric implementations, data availability, and computational resources, often leading to inconsistent and limited results. In this work, we introduce mir_ref, an MIR Representation Evaluation Framework focused on seamless, transparent, local-first experiment orchestration to support representation development. It features implementations of a variety of components such as MIR datasets, tasks, embedding models, and tools for result analysis and visualization, while facilitating the implementation of custom components. To demonstrate its utility, we use it to conduct an extensive evaluation of several embedding models across various tasks and datasets, including evaluating their robustness to various audio perturbations and the ease of extracting relevant information from them.

Валентина Галич

Мета статті – розкрити жанрово-стильові особливості автопередмов Оксани Забужко в парадигмі письменницької публіцистики. Звернення до таких методів, як біографічний, історичний, порівняльний, аксіологічний, дискурсологічний дало можливість багатоаспектно розкрити предмет дослідження, зокрема довести приналежність літературної критики до публіцистики, вказати на процеси модифікації в сучасному жанрі автопередмови та його причетність до літератури non-fiction, прокоментувати соціальнокомунікативний і духовний потенціал творів письменниці цього жанру, осмислити їхній громадянський пафос у співмірності із суспільними подіями в Україні поч. ХХІ ст., висвітлити прояв особливостей індивідуального стилю авторки з урахуванням її новаторства. Автопередмови Оксани Забужко яскраво репрезентують публіцистику доби глобалізації, спрямованої на інтелектуалізацію масової свідомості. Вони реалізуюють публіцистичні мотиви історичної пам’яті, ставлення жінки до війни, функції митця в карколомний період національної історії. Жанрово-стильові особливості автопередмов (мотивація написання твору, до якого написана передмова, що включає аналіз суспільно-політичних факторів зародження його задуму в причетності до фактів біографії письменниці; громадянський пафос та лірична сповідальність наративу; літературно-критичний коментар власного твору, позначений постмодерним письмом; філософська наснаженість суб’єктивних оцінок актуальних проблем кін. ХХ–поч. ХХІ ст.; пріоритетність образу автора-публіциста – інтелектуала, політика, жінки, патріота) дозволяють нам стверджувати приналежність їх саме до публіцистики, а не до аналітичного жанру журналістики чи науки про літературу. Явища інтертекстуальності та фрагменти біографії Оксани Забужко, потрапляючи в образне лексичне поле наративу її передмов, виконують сюжетотворчу функцію: матеріалізують переплетення часопросторових пластів, стають фактообразом, будівничим матеріалом оригінальної композиції, що скріплює всі її елементи, уособленням долі жінки в кризовому суспільстві, символом громадянської стійкості письменниці в питаннях престижу українського народу та його культури.

Volodymyr KHOROSHKO, Vadym KUDINOV, Mariia KAPUSTIAN

Evidence of the complexity of the cybersecurity problem is the rapid increase in the number of information security breaches and losses on cybersecurity threats combined with an increase in the average loss from each of the breaches. Therefore, it is necessary to create requirements for a cybersecurity system that could provide more opportunities in the choice of methods in the management of the protection of automated information systems. The task of determining the optimal quality indicators of information resource management systems of automated systems is one of the most important problems in designing integrated information security systems. This is due to the complexity of such systems, the presence of many variable parameters, and the complexity of calculating quality indicators. In addition, the determined quality indicators should not only ensure the optimality of the target function, but also the stability of the protection system in a wide range of external adverse effects. The problem is that the existing methods of calculating integrated quadratic estimates (IQE) do not take into account errors in determining quality indicators, as well as the vector nature of these indicators. The aim of this work is to solve problems (development of algorithms), which are a problem of optimization of stable protection management systems using vector objective functions. Based on the model of information management system protection of information resources in the form of an automatic control system, the method of forming integrated quadratic estimates (IQE) of control error is proposed. This method takes into account the weights of the estimates at the desired installation time and standard transfer functions. Algorithms for calculating IQE according to the modified Katz formula and Ostrom's method for arbitrary order control systems are developed, including vector representation of the objective function of the protection system. The vector penalty function is proposed and the algorithm of its calculation is developed to display the degree of infringement of conditions of stability of parameters of the system of protection by the Rauss-Hurwitz criterion.

Isaac J. Sledge, Jose C. Principe

In this paper, we consider the problem of adjusting the exploration rate when using value-of-information-based exploration. We do this by converting the value-of-information optimization into a problem of finding equilibria of a flow for a changing exploration rate. We then develop an efficient path-following scheme for converging to these equilibria and hence uncovering optimal action-selection policies. Under this scheme, the exploration rate is automatically adapted according to the agent's experiences. Global convergence is theoretically assured. We first evaluate our exploration-rate adaptation on the Nintendo GameBoy games Centipede and Millipede. We demonstrate aspects of the search process, like that it yields a hierarchy of state abstractions. We also show that our approach returns better policies in fewer episodes than conventional search strategies relying on heuristic, annealing-based exploration-rate adjustments. We then illustrate that these trends hold for deep, value-of-information-based agents that learn to play ten simple games and over forty more complicated games for the Nintendo GameBoy system. Performance either near or well above the level of human play is observed.

Lei Yu, Vincent Y. F. Tan

Common information (CI) is ubiquitous in information theory and related areas such as theoretical computer science and discrete probability. However, because there are multiple notions of CI, a unified understanding of the deep interconnections between them is lacking. This monograph seeks to fill this gap by leveraging a small set of mathematical techniques that are applicable across seemingly disparate problems. In Part I, we review the operational tasks and properties associated with Wyner's and Gács-Körner-Witsenhausen's (GKW's) CI. In PartII, we discuss extensions of the former from the perspective of distributed source simulation. This includes the Rényi CI which forms a bridge between Wyner's CI and the exact CI. Via a surprising equivalence between the Rényi CI of order~$\infty$ and the exact CI, we demonstrate the existence of a joint source in which the exact CI strictly exceeds Wyner's CI. Other closely related topics discussed in Part II include the channel synthesis problem and the connection of Wyner's and exact CI to the nonnegative rank of matrices. In Part III, we examine GKW's CI with a more refined lens via the noise stability or NICD problem in which we quantify the agreement probability of extracted bits from a bivariate source. We then extend this to the $k$-user NICD and $q$-stability problems, and discuss various conjectures in information theory and discrete probability, such as the Courtade-Kumar, Li-Médard and Mossell-O'Donnell conjectures. Finally, we consider hypercontractivity and Brascamp-Lieb inequalities, which further generalize noise stability via replacing the Boolean functions therein by nonnnegative functions. The key ideas behind the proofs in Part III can be presented in a pedagogically coherent manner and unified via information-theoretic and Fourier-analytic methods.

Daigo Kudo, Hiroyasu Tajima

In recent years, in quantum information theory, there has been a remarkable development in the general theoretical framework for studying symmetry in dynamics. This development, called resource theory of asymmetry, is expected to have a wide range of applications, from accurate time measurements to black hole physics. Despite its importance, the foundation of resource theory of asymmetry still has room for expansion. An important problem is in quantifying the amount of resource. When the symmetry prescribed U(1), i.e., with a single conserved quantity, the quantum Fisher information is known as a resource measure that has suitable properties and a clear physical meaning related to quantum fluctuation of the conserved quantity. However, it is not clear what is the resource measure with such suitable properties when a general symmetry prevails for which there are multiple conserved quantities. The purpose of this paper is to fill this gap. Specifically, we show that the quantum Fisher information matrix is a resource measure whenever a connected linear Lie group describes the symmetry. We also consider the physical meaning of this matrix and see which properties that the quantum Fisher information has when the symmetry is described by $U(1)$ can be inherited by the quantum Fisher information matrix.

Patrick Kierkegaard, Timothy Hicks, A. Joy Allen et al.

Abstract Background The purpose of this study is to develop a theory-driven understanding of the barriers and facilitators underpinning physicians’ attitudes and capabilities to implementing SARS-CoV-2 point-of-care (POC) testing into primary care practices. Methods We used a secondary qualitative analysis approach to re-analyse data from a qualitative, interview study of 22 primary care physicians from 21 primary care practices across three regions in England. We followed the three-step method based on the Behaviour Change Wheel to identify the barriers to implementing SARS-CoV-2 POC testing and identified strategies to address these challenges. Results Several factors underpinned primary care physicians’ attitudes and capabilities to implement SARS-CoV-2 POC testing into practice. First, limited knowledge of the SARS-CoV-2 POC testing landscape and a demanding workload affected physicians’ willingness to use the tests. Second, there was scepticism about the insufficient evidence pertaining to the clinical efficacy and utility of POC tests, which affected physicians’ confidence in the accuracy of tests. Third, physicians would adopt POC tests if they were prescribed and recommended by authorities. Fourth, physicians required professional education and training to increase their confidence in using POC tests but also suggested that healthcare assistants should administer the tests. Fifth, physicians expressed concerns about their limited workload capacity and that extra resources are needed to accommodate any anticipated changes. Sixth, information sharing across practices shaped perceptions of POC tests and the quality of information influenced physician perceptions. Seventh, financial incentives could motivate physicians and were also needed to cover the associated costs of testing. Eighth, physicians were worried that society will view primary care as an alternative to community testing centres, which would change perceptions around their professional identity. Ninth, physicians’ perception of assurance/risk influenced their willingness to use POC testing if it could help identify infectious individuals, but they were also concerned about the risk of occupational exposure and potentially losing staff members who would need to self-isolate. Conclusions Improving primary care physicians’ knowledgebase of SARS-CoV-2 POC tests, introducing policies to embed testing into practice, and providing resources to meet the anticipated demands of testing are critical to implementing testing into practice.

Babiş Claudiu, Dimitrescu Andrei, Alecusan Ana Maria et al.

The evaluation of the performance of a mechanical system takes into account many factors, including those related to competitiveness, technology and reliability. From the point of view of competitiveness, most companies use the same state-of-the-art information obtained either by applying their own research, development and innovation resources, or by purchasing technologies and patents from other companies or from the free market. Thus the resulting products, if not innovative products, are part of the same range. The global technological level has reached a very high degree of development, using unconventional technologies with high precision, robots, advanced mechanical systems and assembly lines with high productivity as well as verification and control systems on manufacturing flow which makes production to be uniform. Differences between manufacturers begin to appear when the degree of customer satisfaction changes, which is also found in the concept of reliability. Thus, the one who will find the technological solution with the same number of parts, but with a high reliability, will win the market. The paper aims at a detailed study with direct reference to how to increase reliability at the design stage.

Jafar Mehrad, Zohre Eftekhar, Marzieh Goltaji

The hypodermic needle theory is a prominent theory in social media that affects the understanding, attitudes, and behavior of individuals. In this viewpoint, media is a powerful and dangerous source because the user or audience is vulnerable against the effect of a certain message. In this study, we assess the relationship between this theory in the field of information technology with two person-centered approaches of constructionist or discourse analytic approach and the critical theory approach. Moreover, the libraries’ role in vaccinating users against this theory by increasing their knowledge is shown

Holger Boche, Minglai Cai, Ning Cai

In this paper we analyze the capacity of a general model for arbitrarily varying classical-quantum channels (AVCQCs) when the sender and the receiver use correlation as a resource. In this general model, a jammer has side information about the channel input. We determine a single letter formula for the correlation assisted capacity. As an application of our main result, we determine the correlation assisted common randomness generation capacity. In this scenario the two channel users have access to correlation as a resource,and further use an AVCQC with an informed jammer for additional discussion. The goal is to create common randomness between the two channel users. We also analyze these capacity formulas when only a small number of signals from the correlation are available. For the correlation assisted common randomness generation capacity, we show an additional interesting property: For a sufficient amount of "public communication", common randomness generation capacity is Turing computable, however without this public communication constraint, the correlation assisted common randomness generation capacity is, in general, not Turing computable. Furthermore, we show that even without knowing the capacity formula of the deterministic capacity using maximal error criterion, we can show that it is impossible to evaluate the performance algorithmically on any current or future digital computer.