Magdalena Tarkowska, Michał Jankowski, Iwona Głowacka-Mrotek
et al.
INTRODUCTION: Participation in patient support groups is of considerable importance in the process of adapting tothe consequences of colorectal cancer treatment. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The cross-sectional study included 149 patients affiliated with 12 Regional Branchesof the POL-ILKO Association in Poland. Standardized research tools were used, including the WHOQOL-BREF questionnaire,the AIS scale, the SWLS scale, and the GSES scale. In addition, a proprietary survey tool was constructed to collectdata on the patients past medical history and demographics. RESULTS: With regard to the quality of life assessments, the highest scores were obtained in the environmental domain(29.43) while the lowest scores were obtained in the social domain (10.49). The mean scores reported using the GSES,AIS, and SWLS scales were 31.44, 26.85, and 23.14, respectively, indicating a high sense of self-sufficiency and an averagelevel of acceptance of the disease and satisfaction with life. Significant (p < 0.05) differences were observed withregard to the values within all subscales of the WHOQOL-BREF questionnaire as well as in the AIS, SWLS, and GSESscales, depending on the most demographic variables and medical history. CONCLUSIONS: Participation in patient support groups increases access to health education and has a positive impacton the attitudes of stoma patients toward their condition and the quality of their lives.
Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens
Artykuł analizuje odkrycie najstarszej pieczęci miejskiej Brudzewa z 1606 roku, które rzuca nowe światło na heraldykę i sfragistykę tego miasta w okresie wczesnonowożytnym. Dokument potwierdzający jej użycie, odnaleziony został w księgach miejskich Koła. Odcisk pieczęci przedstawia wizerunek krzyża tau, datowany na 1585 rok, który do tej pory nie był znany w badaniach nad herbem Brudzewa. Odkrycie to przesuwa datację najstarszego znanego herbu, w stosunku do dotychczas przyjętej chronologii (1620 rok). Analiza treści i kontekstu dokumentu wskazuje na znaczenie pieczęci miejskich w legitymizowaniu decyzji władz miejskich oraz na praktyki kredytowe mieszczek w małych miastach Wielkopolski. Znalezisko to nie tylko poszerza wiedzę o historii Brudzewa, ale także przyczynia się do głębszego zrozumienia przemian heraldycznych w miastach Rzeczypospolitej w XVI i XVII wieku.
This article is devoted to the initial period of Poland’s economic transformation from a administrative-command system to a market economy. It covers the years 1988–1991, that is, three successive government cabinets. On the one hand, that transformation was accompanied by struggles arising from the legacy of the Polish People’s Republic – above all, inflation and shortages in the domestic market. On the other hand, during the same period, Poland initiated the efforts to integrate with the European Communities and to reorient its foreign trade priorities. The author argues that, in the economic sphere, the transformation preceded the political fall of communism.
Benjamin J. Hord, Eliza M.-R. Kempton, Thomas M. Evans-Soma
et al.
JWST has ushered in an era of unprecedented ability to characterize exoplanetary atmospheres. While there are over 5000 confirmed planets, more than 4000 Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) planet candidates are still unconfirmed and many of the best planets for atmospheric characterization may remain to be identified. We present a sample of TESS planets and planet candidates that we identify as “best-in-class” for transmission and emission spectroscopy with JWST. These targets are sorted into bins across equilibrium temperature T _eq and planetary radius R _p and are ranked by a transmission and an emission spectroscopy metric (TSM and ESM, respectively) within each bin. We perform cuts for expected signal size and stellar brightness to remove suboptimal targets for JWST. Of the 194 targets in the resulting sample, 103 are unconfirmed TESS planet candidates, also known as TESS Objects of Interest (TOIs). We perform vetting and statistical validation analyses on these 103 targets to determine which are likely planets and which are likely false positives, incorporating ground-based follow-up from the TESS Follow-up Observation Program to aid the vetting and validation process. We statistically validate 18 TOIs, marginally validate 31 TOIs to varying levels of confidence, deem 29 TOIs likely false positives, and leave the dispositions for four TOIs as inconclusive. Twenty-one of the 103 TOIs were confirmed independently over the course of our analysis. We intend for this work to serve as a community resource and motivate formal confirmation and mass measurements of each validated planet. We encourage more detailed analysis of individual targets by the community.
For some time now, researchers from various academic disciplines have been engaged in the study of green guerrilla gardening, a grassroots activity involving the planting of vegetation in public spaces. In essence, they view it as a social movement with the objective of reclaiming control of public space and modifying its functionality. However, Author identifies a greater diversity within this movement, which he categorises into four basic types of activity: gardening, activism, art and farming. Each of these categories can be further subdivided into distinct areas of focus, including the beautification of urban spaces, the promotion of social change, the provision of food sources, the advancement of education, and the fostering of community building. The diverse nature of guerrilla gardening allows it to fulfil a multitude of roles and objectives. It can therefore be concluded that the phenomenon is heterogeneous, and that the term used to describe it should be understood more broadly in order to encompass this range of activities. Empirical research is increasingly indicating a discrepancy between the practice of gardeners and the expectations of theorists. For example, the use of military terminology, while humorous, can be seen as an overly optimistic expectation of the actions of these often humble gardeners, while emphasising an activist (political) stance. Furthermore, the author notes that research on guerrilla gardening lacks in-depth aesthetic reflection.
Sascha O. Becker, Irena Grosfeld, Pauline Grosjean
et al.
We study the long-run effects of forced migration on investment in education. After World War II, millions of Poles were forcibly uprooted from the Kresy territories of eastern Poland and resettled (primarily) in the newly acquired Western Territories, from which the Germans were expelled. We combine historical censuses with newly collected survey data to show that, while there were no pre-WWII differences in educational attainment, Poles with a family history of forced migration are significantly more educated today than other Poles. These results are driven by a shift in preferences away from material possessions toward investment in human capital. (JEL I25, I26, J24, N34, R23)
AbstractOn the basis of eight available terriers of a large royal estate of Niepołomice in southern Poland and of the vital records of two parishes located on its area, all dating from the early eighteenth century, this article examines the effect of famines on the economic situation of both feudal lords and their peasant tenants. The restrictive framework of the second serfdom in Poland did not prevent two severe mortality crises at the time triggered by crop failures. The key hazards caused by the famines for demesne economy were shortages of corvée labour and peasant-owned draught animals. While the famine mortality that affected the peasants reported as farmers in the terriers was not high, the famines were conducive to peasant impoverishment and reshuffled groups of various financial statuses.
AN ARMENIAN LETTER FROM BRODY TO STAMBUL FROM 1770
The edition of a commercial letter from 1770, written in Brody (Polish Kingdom) in a dialect of the Armenian language, with a supplement including translations into Polish.
The history of the Sztoła River in Poland provides important insight into how the industrial use of a river can ultimately lead to the disappearance of the water source, the river itself, affecting culture and everyday practices in local communities. It is an example of negative heritage, where the preservation of surface water is neglected as it does not match official narratives of the local mining traditions and social values. Because the river is not considered an important component of local culture, decision makers expected that the local community would accept the ‘‘liquidation of a river.’’ However, the anthropogenic drying up of the Sztoła received much attention on social media as people lost the opportunity for nature-based leisure activities. The local community’s vivid responses on social media and activist interventions are examples of engagement with heritage “in the making” – standing up for the values that have not so far been recognized.
Andrea Manfredini, Eligio Malusà, Eligio Malusà
et al.
Microorganisms promised to lead the bio-based revolution for a more sustainable agriculture. Beneficial microorganisms could be a valid alternative to the use of chemical fertilizers or pesticides. However, the increasing use of microbial inoculants is also raising several questions about their efficacy and their effects on the autochthonous soil microorganisms. There are two major issues on the application of bioinoculants to soil: (i) their detection in soil, and the analysis of their persistence and fate; (ii) the monitoring of the impact of the introduced bioinoculant on native soil microbial communities. This review explores the strategies and methods that can be applied to the detection of microbial inoculants and to soil monitoring. The discussion includes a comprehensive critical assessment of the available tools, based on morpho-phenological, molecular, and microscopic analyses. The prospects for future development of protocols for regulatory or commercial purposes are also discussed, underlining the need for a multi-method (polyphasic) approach to ensure the necessary level of discrimination required to track and monitor bioinoculants in soil.
“You are in Our Memory”. Polish Murals as Memory Medium and a Popular Form of Patriotism
The article elaborates on issues of patriotic murals – a phenomenon with its own history, noticeable not only in Poland. From many such paintings, the author chooses those that are dedicated to members of the post-war, anticommunist underground, known today as the Cursed Soldiers. This kind of creativity can be associated with so called popular patriotism. Patriotic murals are examples of a form of collective memory and at the same time materialization of a medium, that contributes to reproduction of a specific version of the past.
Polish historiography concerned with the lives of kings and queens has––as yet–– not been subjected to a major revaluation and re-interpretation from the point of view of gay and lesbian or queer studies. This is despite the fact that at least eight rulers in the course of Polish history have had their supposed heteronormativity contested. Given Polish historians’ general reluctance to address the issue of the rulers’ sexuality and––if indeed addressed––the homophobic entanglements that characterise the historical discourse, two cases appear to be particularly valid and illuminating: Bolesław II the Generous (1042-1081) and Henry III of France (1551-1589)––known in Poland as Henry I. For centuries, the two rulers have been–– more than any other Polish king or queen––subjected to defamatory criticism. The issue of their sexuality has been deliberately used as a major instrument in creating their “black legend.” It is their sexuality––regardless of the “real” psycho-sexual identity of the two kings––that has played a major role in creating a homophobic fabrication of their image as evil and immoral rulers, the former being presented as the Sodomite “Murderer” King, the latter as the Sodomite “Traitor” King. This article investigates a history of textual and visual homophobic representations of both rulers, scrutinising not only traditional historical documents (such as chronicles and annals), but also a variety of literary sources from the period (poetry and lampoons) and images (prints, drawings, and murals). Special attention will be paid to the rulers’ conceptualisation as the antithesis of the “good king” trope, as well as to some contemporary attempts at re-claiming and re-writing traditional history within the framework of queer studies.
Bronia (Brejndl) Baum (1896–1947) was an orthodox writer, activist and publicist. She was born in a Hasidic family in Tomaszów Mazowiecki. She published poems and articles in Yiddish in “Der Jud”, “Dos Jidisze Togblat”, “Bejs Jakow” and in Hebrew in “Bat Izrael”, “Baderech”. In the family archive among the manuscripts of Bronia Baum from 1912–1921, a diary written in Russian has been preserved. Considering the content and form of records, it can be most accurately described as an intimate diary. The notes of Bronia Baum are a valuable source for research in the field of local Jewish history, especially during the First World War, but also for issues related to Jewish orthodoxy, Zionism and religious feminism.
History of Poland, Social history and conditions. Social problems. Social reform
The history of Europe of 1933–1945 was very important and had a significant influence on painting of American artists of American abstractionism. This term – American abstractionism or New York abstractionism, although inexact and somewhat confused, currently is a constant term in the terminology of history of art. Taking this kind of art into consideration from the time between 1933 and 1945, recalling the special titles of art works and the context when they were created: Mark Rhotko’s numbered, gray, brown and black murals which he painted for Manhattans Seagram Building in the fifties or his black and brown pictures for Huston Chapel in Texas form the seventies as well as Barnet Newmen’s fourteen canvas titles The Stations of the Cross: Lema Sabachthani and Frank Stella’s minimalist canvas titles Arbeit macht frei (1958), The Polish Village Series and the cycle of twenty four paintings which he created in his adolescence time, considering their comments and biography we have to understand this art as the historical art. These three artists of American expressionism – Mark Rothko, Barnett Newman and Frank Stella, whom this article is devoted to – refer in some pictures to the catastrophe of Shoah. They give evidence of this cruel time by the image, ostensibly without formal coincidence, they attempt to express unimaginable. They want, to some extent, to force us to imagine what the hell of Shoah was like.
Protection of natural culture in concepts of the contemporary National Right Wing in Poland
In the centre of the system of values of the National Right Wing which revived after 1989 there are still nation, family and religion. The nation as community of culture is in opinion of the said parties exposed to dangers. The main risks are in their opinion as follows: cosmopolitism, Communist ideology, individualism, liberalism; secularization.In Poland, such ideas are, in the opinion of the National Right Wing, propagated by the liberal and post-communist circles. In the beginning they demanded that the communist activists are brought to justice. Some columnists refer to antisemitism. They perceive also the fall of the literary output. They assess critically the novels of Czesław Miłosz, Stanisław Barańczak or Olga Tokarczuk. Similar assessments regard the works of Polish historians. As preventive measures the following is mentioned: appropriate educational activity, statutory protection of national heritage, broadening of Catholicism, promotion of national culture. They attach great importance to the national branding. Its components are history, language, political regime, architecture, literature, art, religion, icons landscape, music. They would probably accept the opinion of Michael Porter: “Many contemporary discussions of international competition stress global homogenization and a diminished role for nations. But, in truth, national differences are at the heart of competitive success.”
Ochrona kultury narodowej w koncepcjach współczesnej prawicy narodowej w Polsce
W centrum systemu wartości odrodzonego po 1989 roku ruchu narodowego pozostają naród, rodzina i religia. Naród, traktowany jako wspólnota kultury, narażony jest w ocenie wspominanych wyżej środowisk na liczne zagrożenia. Za najgroźniejsze uznają one: kosmopolityzm, ideologię komunistyczną, indywidualizm, liberalizm, sekularyzację. W Polsce wspomniane idee mają być propagowane przez środowiska liberalne i postkomunistyczne. W wypowiedziach publicystów narodowych pojawiają się także akcenty antysemickie. Krytyczna ocena dotyczy też współczesnej polskiej literatury, a zwłaszcza twórczości Czesława Miłosza, Stanisława Barańczaka czy Olgi Tokarczuk. Podobne oceny odnoszone są do prac polskich historyków. Za istotną uznano więc puryfikację kultury narodowej. Wśród środków zaradczych środowiska narodowe proponują: rozwój edukacji historycznej, ochronę dziedzictwa narodowego, rozwój katolicyzmu i promocję kultury narodowej. W tym ostatnim wypadku za niezwykle ważny uznają one branding narodowy. Jego podstawowe składniki to historia, język, architektura, krajobraz, reżim polityczny itp. Polscy narodowcy zapewne zaakceptowaliby opinię sformułowaną przez Michaela Portera. Twierdzi on, iż co prawda nastąpiła globalna homogenizacja, ale podkreślanie odrębności narodowej jest źródłem sukcesu.
Ethnology. Social and cultural anthropology, Political science
This article investigates the situation of widows and widowers in the early modern society of Hetmanate. The main source that was used are census books of Poltava, created in the period 1765−1766, during the time of so-called Rumyantsev description of Little Russia in Hetmanate (1765−1769). The article covers the main problems of widowed Poltava citizens in 1760s. Using the methods of historical demography and social anthropology, the proportion of widows and widowers in the total structure of population, topography of their settlement, age characteristics, social status, the structure of households, and their financial situation were studied.
The study concludes that the proportion of widows and widowers in the marital status composition of the citizens in total was equal to the general European trend − thepercentage of widows was much higher than of widowers, widows more often than widowers lived in the central part of the city, most widows were women in the childbearing age, while widowers were usually old men.
By the social affiliation, widows were usually citizens, while widowers − Cossacks. The largest micro group of Poltava widows consisted of the maids who lived in the yards of wealthy townspeople in the downtown area. The financial position of both groups was not the same. Among them, there were quite wealthy individuals, and relatively poor as well.
History of Poland, Demography. Population. Vital events