Hasil untuk "Discourse analysis"

R. Ingold

Ziba Mosadegh Mehrjardi, Azizallah Tavakoli kafi Abad, Hadi Heydari Niya

Skilled poets employ a range of linguistic and rhetorical techniques to persuasively engage their audience and harness the expressive power of language in artistic and literary ways. Effective writers strategically use various sentence types—interrogative, imperative, prohibitive, exclamatory, and emphatic—to bridge grammatical forms with semantic meaning and communicate complex ideas. For instance, rhetorical questions serve not only to convey meaning but also to broaden the interpretive scope of the text, allowing the poet to suggest multiple layers of intention and stimulate reflection in the reader. The dynamic interplay between speaker and audience is essential to achieving effective verbal communication. Rumi, a masterful poet and mystic, is renowned for using poetic composition to convey profound spiritual and didactic insights. In the Masnavi-ye Ma’navi, the frequent use of interrogative forms directed at the reader creates a continuous flow of thought, guiding the audience through layered philosophical and mystical concepts.IntroductionThe rhetorical functions of questioning, particularly those involving denial, play a crucial role in this work. This article explores the rhetorical theme of denial and its artistic implications, including eternal negation, exclusion, bowing, contempt, praise, rejection, despair, mockery, support, regret, and more. It emphasizes the significance of employing questioning techniques to generate aesthetic motivation, highlights the distinctiveness of “negation” in questioning, and offers a “prescription” for its use.The spiritual Masnavi contains numerous rhetorical interrogative sentences, which can be broadly categorized into two groups. The second book of the Masnavi-ye Ma’navi primarily focuses on the first category: negative interrogative statements. Below, these interrogative sentences are listed in order of their frequency, each serving a unique rhetorical purpose:Eternal negation: This interrogative form emphasizes the perpetual exclusion or denial of a subject.Insult: A question that intentionally includes denial to embarrass or criticize the listener, another person, or a concept.Exclusion: The speaker uses this type of interrogative to stress the improbability of a situation by posing a question that implies negation.Disability statement: This form often involves expressing reverence and admiration for the subject or individual under discussion.Ignorance: Refers to a state free from attachment or sensual cravings; the role of this interrogative is conceptual or virtual.Hasr wa Qasr: This involves examining or attributing a unique characteristic to a specific attribute.Despair and disappointment: The speaker expresses disillusionment or rejection of a subject explicitly through denial.Tahweel and scare: A rhetorical style intended to frighten or intimidate the audience.Facilitating and easy to say: This style highlights the relative simplicity of performing an action that may seem difficult for the audience.Bragging: This form employs rhetorical questioning to emphasize the speaker’s pride and self-promotion regarding a topic, effectively conveying the essence of the argument.This book may also include other subdivisions, such as those found in colloquial language. Molana’s primary objective in this didactic collection is clearly to advise and guide the audience, a goal he achieves through the strategic use of questions fulfilling various rhetorical roles.Literature ReviewPrimary references on this subject include classical Arabic texts such as Miftah al-Uloom (Sakkaki, 1407: 350), Al-Aydhah (Qazvini, n.d.: 55), Motuwal (Taftazani, 1416: 237), Mughni al-Labib (Ansari, 1406: 26), and Khatshar al-Ma’ani. These seminal works provide a foundational basis for scholarly discussion, as highlighted by Irfan (1372: 320), which marks the beginning of an important chapter inviting academics to engage deeply with the vast knowledge of meanings derived from the miraculous source of the Holy Quran.Persian rhetorical scholars have further developed this field by drawing upon these Arabic sources, while also integrating Qur’anic examples and the rhetorical richness found in vernacular language traditions. Among these influential works is Jawahar al-Balagha, a collection that encompasses key texts such as Mukhtasar al-Ma’ani, Muftah al-Uloom, Darr al-Adab, Hanjar-e-Giftar, Taraz-e-Sukhan, and Rite of Rhetoric, among others.Research MethodologyThis study employs an analytical-descriptive approach, relying primarily on library research as its methodology. The report offers a comprehensive analysis of the findings, including detailed statistics, the purpose behind each rhetorical method, and the classification of virtual meanings. Furthermore, it provides examples for each category and offers thorough explanations of the verses containing these rhetorical sentences.The author strategically employs various rhetorical techniques throughout the presentation. Each section begins with a relevant passage from the Holy Quran that illustrates the targeted rhetorical style. This is followed by examples drawn from classical language resources as well as colloquial expressions to enhance clarity and relevance. Finally, the author presents a verse from the second book of Masnavi-ye Ma’navi that exemplifies the particular rhetorical form under discussion.DiscussionArticles like this serve as valuable resources for students of Persian literature and others interested in the study of semantics. This article, in particular, focuses on the compositional effects of words within the field of semantics. Through detailed explanations, it aims to help readers understand why writers often express broader concepts than those typically encountered in conventional usage.We anticipate that the author will continue to produce papers exploring the various rhetorical functions of compositional phrases, such as commands, restrictions, calls, and desires. Students interested in Persian literature now have an enhanced opportunity to appreciate the elegance of this field, along with the artistry of communication and originality. They are encouraged to engage deeply with the works of poets and writers who exhibit a distinctive approach to rhetoric and semantics.For a comprehensive understanding of rhetorical connotations, it is advisable to analyze Quranic interrogatives, colloquial expressions, and the literary works of eloquent authors. Unfortunately, much of the existing literature on rhetorical sciences lacks a thorough and all-encompassing treatment of this important subject.ConclusionRhetoricians widely recognize the concept of the "negative question," with its various artistic interpretations, as a crucial and frequently discussed topic. Its importance has prompted many writers to explore this subject extensively. Rumi’s style of expression, drawing on the language of the Holy Quran, effectively conveys mystical concepts to his readers through poetic composition. The foundational principle of the educational framework in the spiritual Masnavi is to guide the audience toward the recognition of ultimate truth and the negation of falsehoods, including the rejection of superficial or worldly attachments.In the second book of the Masnavi, 59.5% of rhetorical questions are negative interrogatives. Among these, 66.4% serve the artistic function of "eternal negation." This high frequency reflects Rumi’s profound stance on the rejection of pleasure and transient desires.

Eva Vučkovič

The article provides an in-depth analysis of workplace discourse and hierarchy as depicted in the popular Korean webtoon Misaeng. Its story takes place in a large trading company and portrays workers' daily lives, focusing on the work of Sales team 3. Through critical discourse analysis, the research shows how power relations among team members are expressed through language and interactions in a Korean corporate setting. Key events, such as the introductions of new team members, are examined to demonstrate how workplace hierarchy shapes interpersonal communication. The findings provide insights into the portrayal of Korean corporate culture, highlighting the significance of hierarchy in professional relationships and its impact on workplace communication. 

Siegrid Agostini

Recent historiography has shown that Descartes remains a prominent figure in philosophical discourse and that a multitude of prejudices have arisen around his persona, which have contributed over time to the creation of an often stereotyped and, in some cases, distorted image of him and his most famous and influential doctrines. It is therefore essential to take stock of the state of historiographical research on Descartes in recent years. In this context, I have tried to draw attention to some recently published volumes, with the aim of enabling the reader to approach the study of this great philosopher with greater awareness. This can be achieved both through the author’s internal analysis of his work and the comparison with other philosophers and scholars who were his contemporaries.

Mohammad Radzi Mohammad Sharif, Selamah Maamor, Abu Sufian Abu Bakar

The introduction of Malaysia's Goods and Services Tax (GST) spurred a critical examination of its Syariah compatibility. The Malaysian Fatwa Committee endorsed taxation, emphasizing adherence to Syara’ parameters, prompting further exploration, especially concerning indirect taxation systems aligned with Islamic jurisprudence. This paper is focuses on critically analyzing how Syariah principles are currently applied in the formulation and implementation of Malaysia’s indirect tax policies and comprehensively explore the principles of indirect taxation from Syariah perspectives. This study delves into the rich heritage of Islamic economic thought. Renowned scholars such as Abu Yusuf, Al-Qardawi, and Chapra have laid down foundational principles that continue to guide contemporary fiscal policies in Islamic contexts. Employing qualitative methodology, the study conducts content analysis of secondary sources and interviews with key officials from the Malaysian National Fatwa Committee (NFC), Department of Islamic Development Malaysia (JAKIM), Ministry of Finance (MOF) and the Royal Malaysian Customs Department (CUSTOMS). The findings reveal that Islamic scholars have delineated six principles, namely: quality of tax administrations; just, honest, and lenient treatment to taxpayers; fair distribution of income; defining of tax base and rates; flexibility in tax imposition; and approach to tax equity. While the first three principals have been implemented and adhered to, the latter three have been consolidated into the second principle. By bridging historical Islamic perspectives with contemporary policy needs, this study provides guidance for crafting Shariah-compliant especially in indirect tax policies, crucial for good governance and societal well-being. It contributes to Islamic economics discourse and addresses the need for studies evaluating Malaysia's indirect taxation practices' Shariah compliance.

Steffensen Sune Vork

This article presents a comprehensive and detailed survey of ecolinguistics, defined as an enterprise oriented to how language plays a role in the interactions between human beings, other species, and the natural environment. Since the early 1990s, ecolinguistics has been driven by a concern for life on Earth and as such it comprises the linguistic study of the current ecological crisis. Through a detailed close reading of the literature, in combination with the bibliometric tool of VOSviewer, it surveys eleven subfields of contemporary ecolinguistics. The eleven surveyed subfields of ecolinguistics are: discourse-oriented ecolinguistics, corpus-assisted ecolinguistics, ecostylistics, narratological ecolinguistics, identity-oriented ecolinguistics, ethno-lexical ecolinguistics, ecological discourse analysis, harmonious discourse analysis, cognitive ecolinguistics, educational ecolinguistics, and decolonial/transdisciplinary ecolinguistics. In the conclusion, the article discusses two challenges that face contemporary ecolinguistics: the repetition of certain tropes and narratives about the field, even in the absence of empirical evidence, and the lack of internal debate and critique.

Liang Guo, Jin Qian, Qin Wang

Let $(X,d)$ be a uniformly locally finite metric space, and $T$ an operator in the uniform Roe algebra $C_u^*(X)$ (or uniform quasi-local algebra $C_{ql}^*(X)$). In this paper, we introduce the concept of limit operators of $T$ on galaxies in the nonstandard extension of $X$, and prove that $T$ is a generalized Fredholm operator with respect to the ghost ideal in $C_u^*(X)$ (or $C_{ql}^*(X)$) if and only if all limit operators on afar galaxies are invertible, and their inverses are uniformly bounded. In particular, if $X$ has Yu's Property A, then $T$ is a Fredholm operator if and only if all limit operators on afar galaxies are invertible. Using techniques in nonstandard analysis, our result strengthens a work of Špakula--Willett \cite{SpW} on the characterization of Fredholmness by using less limit operators.

Gabor David, Maxim Potekhin, Dmitri Smirnov

The PHENIX Collaboration has actively pursued a Data and Analysis Preservation program since 2019, the first such dedicated effort at RHIC. A particularly challenging aspect of this endeavor is preservation of complex physics analyses, selected for their scientific importance and the value of the specific techniques developed as a part of the research. For this, we have chosen one of the most impactful PHENIX results, the joint study of direct photons and neutral pions in high-energy d+Au collisions. To ensure reproducibility of this analysis going forward, we partitioned it into self-contained tasks and used a combination of containerization techniques, code management, and robust documentation. We then leveraged REANA (the platform for reproducible analysis developed at CERN) to run the required software. We present our experience based on this example, and outline our future plans for analysis preservation.

Herminia Gonzálvez Torralbo, Menara Guizardi, Ariany da Silva Villar

Chile is one of the fastest aging countries in Latin America, and the country is currently at an advanced stage of demographic transition. Projections highlight that that in another decade, Chile will emerge as an aging economy. Within the framework of the Fondecyt Regular 1201115 project: “Gender and Aging: An Ethnography on the Social and Moral Organization of Care in the Peñalolén commune (Santiago, Chile),” in this article, we address the findings of a case study on the social organization of elderly care in the Peñalolén commune (Metropolitan Region, Chile). We do so in conjunction with social and gender inequalities from a feminist perspective. The aim of the article is to analyze the social perceptions about aging held by professionals of municipal services working with the elderly population in this specific context. We conducted interviews with these workers using an ethnographic approach that integrated both digital and in-person methodological strategies, and subjected the information collected to a thorough discourse analysis using MaxQDA software (2001 version). The results reveal that the interviewed professionals’ perceptions of old age intermingle the definitions of old age derived from regulatory and public policy frameworks with their own personal and professional experiences in the communal territory. They also demonstrate the multidimensional nature of the inequalities faced by the elderly in Peñalolén, perceived by professionals as demands to be addressed in the exercise of their work. In sum, we propose a perspective of old age and aging that considers its complexity in terms of situated territorial experience by applying ethnographic listening with a gender perspective of the various actors working with the elderly individuals in each context.

Fajri Kamil, Pathur Rahman, Sulaiman Mohammad Nur et al.

The aim of this research is to discuss the Epistemological Efforts of Thematic Interpretation in Holistic Interpretation of the Qur'an. This research falls under the category of qualitative research, therefore the researcher only conducts a literature review. The first step involves gathering literature sources, both primary and secondary sources. The next step in this research is to provide a description of the literature sources that discuss the history, meaning, principles, and steps of thematic interpretation. The conclusion of this research is obtained through an analysis or epistemological approach to the method of thematic interpretation. The results and discussions of this research reveal that the discourse on the thematic method among scholars and scientists has led to the development of this method through the collaboration of modern scientific knowledge in the field of interpretation. This collaborative interpretation is referred to as integrative thematic interpretation, which enhances the existing classification of thematic interpretation. Ideally, all classifications of thematic interpretation can be interwoven into an integrative formulation of thematic interpretation, thus resulting in a holistic thematic interpretation of the Qur'an. Holistic thematic interpretation of the Qur'an is an epistemological effort to establish the validity of interpretation as a divine truth and as a rational and sensory truth that can be justified apriori, aposteriori, and pragmatically. Keywords: qur’an; thematic interpretation; epistemological; holistic.

Nicholas Botzer, Tim Weninger

Vast amounts of human communication occurs online. These digital traces of natural human communication along with recent advances in natural language processing technology provide for computational analysis of these discussions. In the study of social networks the typical perspective is to view users as nodes and concepts as flowing through and among the user-nodes within the social network. In the present work we take the opposite perspective: we extract and organize massive amounts of group discussion into a concept space we call an entity graph where concepts and entities are static and human communicators move about the concept space via their conversations. Framed by this perspective we performed several experiments and comparative analysis on large volumes of online discourse from Reddit. In quantitative experiments, we found that discourse was difficult to predict, especially as the conversation carried on. We also developed an interactive tool to visually inspect conversation trails over the entity graph; although they were difficult to predict, we found that conversations, in general, tended to diverge to a vast swath of topics initially, but then tended to converge to simple and popular concepts as the conversation progressed. An application of the spreading activation function from the field of cognitive psychology also provided compelling visual narratives from the data.

Elena Chistova, Ivan Smirnov

Coreference resolution is the task of identifying and grouping mentions referring to the same real-world entity. Previous neural models have mainly focused on learning span representations and pairwise scores for coreference decisions. However, current methods do not explicitly capture the referential choice in the hierarchical discourse, an important factor in coreference resolution. In this study, we propose a new approach that incorporates rhetorical information into neural coreference resolution models. We collect rhetorical features from automated discourse parses and examine their impact. As a base model, we implement an end-to-end span-based coreference resolver using a partially fine-tuned multilingual entity-aware language model LUKE. We evaluate our method on the RuCoCo-23 Shared Task for coreference resolution in Russian. Our best model employing rhetorical distance between mentions has ranked 1st on the development set (74.6% F1) and 2nd on the test set (73.3% F1) of the Shared Task. We hope that our work will inspire further research on incorporating discourse information in neural coreference resolution models.

Fauziyah Kurniawati, Tatik Mariyatut Tasnimah

This research aims to elaborate al-Amidi's critical thinking and express its implication in the discourse of postmodernism literary criticism. This research is a qualitative descriptive research. Data collection uses reading and note-taking techniques. The triangulation used in this research is data triangulation. The data analysis method in this research uses content analysis and hermeneutics methods with elements of interpretation, description, and comparison. The results of this research indicate that al-Amidi's critical method has implication in postmodernist literary discourse on the objectivity aspect of simulation in the narrative of a character based on Jean Baudrillard's assumptions. That is, although postmodernist literature tends to subjectivity to the author, it does not completely forget the basic structure that builds a literary work through a very deconstructive process of meaning. Because in essence, postmodernism has never really been separated from modernism which tends to be objective. If al-Amidi is more inclined to criticism of poetry, then postmodernist literature is more visible in literary works in the form of prose, such as short stories and novels.

К. Шабельник, Н. Бобер

The anthropocentric nature of modern linguistics has led to the need to study not only the regularities of human communication but also the ways of their use in various communicative situations. The main communicative strategies and the specifics of the DEBTOR's language means were characterized in this article. The article discusses the effectiveness of the chosen tactics in the communication process. The paper readdresses the phenomenon of a communicative strategy and tackles the ways the chosen strategies control the communicative process aimed at achieving communicative goals and the selection of speech techniques that allow achieving the set goals in a specific situation. Special attention is paid to the analysis of behavioral activities and verbal means used by a DEBTOR in Sophie Kinsella's novel "Confessions of a Shopaholic". The paper argues that DEBTOR’s communicative strategies depend on the specific situation and psychological characteristics of the addressee. The material of the study is presented in the form of the types of speech strategies in the framework of the communication process in Sophie Kinsella's novel "Confessions of a Shopaholic". The objects of analysis are communicative strategies as a set of speech actions. The relevance of the study is determined by the need to establish an inventory of communicative strategies for successful communication as the main component of the debtor, the importance of identifying the most productive strategy, and the formation of positive behavior during communication. The article highlights the following strategies that are productive in DEBTOR’S speech: Termination, Topic Control, Topic Shifting, and Repair Strategy. Such strategies as Nomination, Restriction, and Turn Taking belong to the least productive ones. The result of the study is the matrix of 7 types of communicative strategies from the most frequent to the least used in DEBTOR's speech. From the perspective of research, there may be the establishment of communicative strategies in political discourse, politicians' speeches, and thematic webinars to discuss various aspects of the problem.

Anggik Budi Prasetiyo, Sukarno

Everyone can have different thoughts in solving a problem, including Anies Baswedan (AB) when dealing with the Covid-19 pandemic, especially in DKI Jakarta. This study aims to reveal AB's thoughts on dealing with pandemics constructed by several online media. The research data are in the form of words, phrases, and sentence fragments which are indicated to contain AB's thoughts as the Governor of DKI Jakarta. The datawere collected from news about the handling of Covid-19 in several online media published in July–September 2021. The collected data were analyzed using a critical discourse analysis approach of the Fairclough model to reveal the language features used by the media in constructing AB thinking. The results of this study indicate that (1) AB has thoughts that tend to prioritize issues of safety and welfare for the citizens of DKI Jakarta; (2) these thoughts can be interpreted as a reflection that AB is the right person and is skilled in handling the Covid-19 pandemic in DKI Jakarta; (3) apart from that, AB's thoughts constructed by the media can also be interpreted as AB's attempt to build the impression of a 'pro-people governor'.

Murali Raghu Babu Balusu, Yangfeng Ji, Jacob Eisenstein

Implicit discourse relations bind smaller linguistic units into coherent texts. Automatic sense prediction for implicit relations is hard, because it requires understanding the semantics of the linked arguments. Furthermore, annotated datasets contain relatively few labeled examples, due to the scale of the phenomenon: on average each discourse relation encompasses several dozen words. In this paper, we explore the utility of pre-trained sentence embeddings as base representations in a neural network for implicit discourse relation sense classification. We present a series of experiments using both supervised end-to-end trained models and pre-trained sentence encoding techniques - SkipThought, Sent2vec and Infersent. The pre-trained embeddings are competitive with the end-to-end model, and the approaches are complementary, with combined models yielding significant performance improvements on two of the three evaluations.

Zheng Zhao, Bonnie Webber

In the PDTB-3, several thousand implicit discourse relations were newly annotated \textit{within} individual sentences, adding to the over 15,000 implicit relations annotated \textit{across} adjacent sentences in the PDTB-2. Given that the position of the arguments to these \textit{intra-sentential implicits} is no longer as well-defined as with \textit{inter-sentential implicits}, a discourse parser must identify both their location and their sense. That is the focus of the current work. The paper provides a comprehensive analysis of our results, showcasing model performance under different scenarios, pointing out limitations and noting future directions.

Christelle Combe

This article is based on the notions of media, multimodal and digital literacy and is rooted in the conceptual framework of digital discourse analysis and in particular the central notion of digital genre. Through digital discourse analysis and the appropriation of three emerging digital genres related to teaching—the tutor selfie video, online instruction-giving and the professional development e‑portfolio—this article shows how FFL master’s students take hold of the different elements of digital literacy training.

Colin R. Anderson, Chris Maughan

As the gravity of the global social and ecological crises become more apparent, there is a growing recognition of the need for social transformation. In this article, we use a combination of narrative case study and discourse analysis to better understand how transformative concepts, such as agroecology, are shaped as they as they enter mainstream discursive arenas. We probe the different characteristics of the “innovation frame” and how they qualify and give meaning to agroecology. Our case study narrates the recent emergence of agroecology in the UN space and its relationship to the discursive frame of innovation. We then undertake a systematic discourse analysis of comments provided in an online consultation process on the “Agroecology and Other Innovations” report by the 2019 High-Level Panel of Experts (HLPE) in the World Committee on Food Security. We examine how different actors positioned themselves vis-a-vis the innovation frame and we analyse the discursive strategies used to advance particular political agendas. Our analysis reveals three primary sub-frames within the innovation frame (Evidence; Technology; Rights) which were deployed by both proponents and detractors of agroecology. We focus on the notion of social agency, and its different presentations, within the three sub-frames which raises a number of problematics of the innovation frame, not only for agroecology, but for sustainability transformations more widely.

Haozhe Ji, Minlie Huang

Despite the recent advances in applying pre-trained language models to generate high-quality texts, generating long passages that maintain long-range coherence is yet challenging for these models. In this paper, we propose DiscoDVT, a discourse-aware discrete variational Transformer to tackle the incoherence issue. DiscoDVT learns a discrete variable sequence that summarizes the global structure of the text and then applies it to guide the generation process at each decoding step. To further embed discourse-aware information into the discrete latent representations, we introduce an auxiliary objective to model the discourse relations within the text. We conduct extensive experiments on two open story generation datasets and demonstrate that the latent codes learn meaningful correspondence to the discourse structures that guide the model to generate long texts with better long-range coherence.