Hasil untuk "Crisis management. Emergency management. Inflation"

شاهین میرزایی, صفا خزایی

ریزپهپاد نوعی هواپیمای بدون سرنشین با ابعادی در حدود چند سانتی‌متر است که به صورت خودمختار عمل کرده و در طیف گسترده‌ای از کاربردهای نظامی و جاسوسی مورد استفاده قرار می­گیرند. باتوجه‌به تهدیداتی که در سال‌های اخیر در حوزه ریزپهپادها وجود دارد اولین گام برای مقابله با این تهدیدات نوین، آشکارسازی آنها است. امروزه با پدیدآمدن فناوری هوش مصنوعی و شبکه‌های عصبی، پیشرفت‌های قابل‌توجهی در راستای ارتقاء و کارآمدی روش‌های شناسایی ریزپهپادها صورت‌گرفته است. شناسایی ریزپهپادها با هوش مصنوعی در طیف مرئی رویکردی است که در آن ریزپهپادهایی که دارای خطر امنیتی برای یک منطقه‌ی حفاظت شده می‌باشند را در زمان روز به کمک روش­های هوش مصنوعی شناسایی می­شوند. یکی از محبوب‌ترین و جدیدترین الگوریتم هوش مصنوعی که به جهت شناسایی ریزپهپادها در طیف مرئی به کار گرفته شده است، الگوریتم YOLOv8 می‌باشد. در این پژوهش، نتایج تجربی به‌دست‌آمده بر روی مجموعه‌داده Roboflow نشان می‌دهد الگوریتم YOLOv8 می­تواند با دقت 95% و سرعت 30 فریم بر ثانیه، ریزپهپادها را شناسایی کند.

Игорь Юрьевич Аушев, Александр Сергеевич Иванистов

Цель. Провести анализ взрывобезопасности процесса хранения и переработки зерна, определить характерные для данного объекта аварии и инциденты. Методы. Общенаучные методы исследования: анализ и синтез, сравнение и обобщение. Результаты. Определены основные причины взрывов на объектах хранения и переработки зерна. Область применения исследований. Результаты работы могут быть использованы при подготовке специалистов в сфере предупреждения и ликвидации чрезвычайных ситуаций, промышленной безопасности, в ходе проведения пожарно-профилактических мероприятий.

Markus Lüttenberg, Alexander Zienau, Marcus Wiens et al.

Purpose – In crises like natural disasters and the COVID-19 pandemic, public actors might have to take over responsibility for the population’s supply when the market fails to meet the demand for essential goods. Companies can be valuable collaboration partners for public actors. However, conditions under which companies are willing and able to support public crisis management need to be better understood. This paper aims to empirically investigate expectations and motivation to better understand the motives leading companies to participate in public–private emergency collaborations. To enable successful collaboration, the paper develops crisis preparedness guidelines for state institutions and companies. Design/methodology/approach – The authors develop and conduct a survey and statistically analyze the responses of 398 German companies from the food, health-care and logistics sectors. Findings – Most companies have already engaged in crisis management and are willing to engage collaboratively. While their preferred contribution to collaborative crisis management is providing resources (e.g. goods or equipment) instead of coordination tasks, they also want to ensure that their business processes are sustained. Among the most promising incentives to increase company engagement are monetary compensation for provided resources and an improved communication policy. Logistics companies are motivated more by relaxing regulations, whereas health-care companies prefer reputation measures. Practical implications – The insights provide the basis for public and private actors to foster public–private collaboration and raises awareness of its potential during crises. Moreover, this study promotes the systematic implementation of public–private emergency collaborations. Originality/value – To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this study is the first to empirically investigate the perspective of companies operating in the fields of logistics, food and health-care industries toward public–private collaboration in crisis management.

Иван Иванович Полевода, Сергей Геннадьевич Короткевич, Денис Сергеевич Нехань et al.

Цель. Разработать методологические подходы и методическое обеспечение для создания обучающего тренажера с использованием технологий компьютерного моделирования и виртуальной реальности на примере торгово-развлекательного центра. Методы. Анализ пожарной опасности торгово-развлекательных центров, причин возникновения пожаров и гибели на них. Обобщение требований нормативных правовых актов, в том числе технических нормативных правовых актов и международных актов в области обеспечения пожарной безопасности, образующих систему противопожарного нормирования и стандартизации, а также требований в области обеспечения промышленной безопасности. Разработка трехмерной виртуальной окружающей среды с использованием программной среды Unreal Engine и объектов для наполнения обучающих локаций. Синтез требований в области обеспечения пожарной и промышленной безопасности, генерируемых показателей, предъявляемых к виртуальным обучающим локациям (объектам) для обеспечения и реализации в тренажере сфер надзора (контроля) контролирующими (надзорными) органами Министерства по чрезвычайным ситуациям Республики Беларусь. Результаты. Методология разработки обучающего тренажера, включающая программные алгоритмы, обучающие локации, их описание, режимы работы и особенности интерактивного взаимодействия со специальными объектами, планировочные схемы здания, обоснование применения параметров конструктивных элементов, перечни возможных нарушений требований в области обеспечения пожарной и промышленной безопасности для обучающих локаций (объектов). Представлены промежуточные результаты разрабатываемой виртуальной окружающей среды тренажера в виде трехмерной модели торгово-развлекательного центра с проектируемыми обучающими локациями в программной среде Unreal Engine. Область применения исследований. Полученные результаты позволяют обеспечить внедрение технологий компьютерного моделирования, виртуальной реальности и современных интерактивных методик преподавания в образовательный процесс для повышения эффективности образовательного процесса при подготовке специалистов, осуществляющих государственный надзор по направлению пожарной и промышленной безопасности.

James P. Welch

The Crisis and Disaster Management process (CDMP) is composed of several clearly defined phases. Strategic risk assessment; preparation and planning, effective response and recovery, and post-crisis evaluation. It is essential for those facing such threats to understand, appreciate, and implement the appropriate responses for each phase. Public service organizations, or PSOs, are increasingly charged with additional duties and responsibilities that historically were not part of their original purview. PSOs are currently forced to operate within an environment of increasing political unrest and social chaos. Events of international magnitude now impact the domestic environment. These organizations must deal with negative media, hostile public backlash, increased scrutiny, and calls for greater accountability. Service organizations are currently faced with increasing political and social chaos, with widespread civil unrest, domestic and international threats of terrorism, human trafficking and illegal migration, public health emergencies, natural disasters, and diverse climate-related challenges. These conditions have fostered additional layers of responsibility to already overburdened first responders and their civil support partners. The consequences are significant. These previously mentioned burdens are further compounded by budgetary constraints, greater regulatory compliance, and organizational accountability. In other words, agencies and departments are expected to do more with less, much more with much less.

Huu Hieu Nguyen, Anh Phan, Anh Tuan Le et al.

Purpose. Study of thermodynamic properties of acryloyl chloride to predict the danger if the acryloyl chloride is extinguished by water. Methods. Thermodynamic properties (including enthalpy, free energy, entropy and heat capacity at constant pressure) of acryloyl chloride at vapor phase at 1.0 atm pressure and temperature range from 298.15 to 1000.00 K in steps of 100.00 K are determined by DFT calculations using PBEPBE functional. As the basis set 6-311G++(d,p) is used. Findings. Free energy, and heat of reaction between acryloyl chloride and water in the fire (at the same temperature range and pressure) have been calculated. In temperature range from 298.15 to 1000.00 K, the reaction between acryloyl chloride and water is exothermic. So, if firefighters use water to fight the fire of acryloyl chloride, a large amount of heat will be released. This heat makes the fire is more dangerous and difficult to fight. Application field of research. The results of research can be used in prediction the hazard of burning of acryloyl chloride and ways of extinguishing it.

Иван Иванович Полевода, Сергей Михайлович Жамойдик, Наталья Владимировна Зайнудинова et al.

Цель. На основании разработанной комплексной методики расчета пределов огнестойкости современных строительных конструкций из железобетона получить табличные данные по оценке огнестойкости железобетонных стен, колонн, балок и плит, учитывающие наличие воздушной полости, класс бетона, вид заполнителя, предварительное напряжение арматуры, а также наличие конструктивной огнезащиты на основе огнестойких гипсовых плит и огнестойких подвесных потолков. Методы. Анализ и обобщение результатов расчета пределов огнестойкости железобетонных строительных конструкций по разработанной на основе экспериментальных (лабораторные и огневые, в том числе натурные) и теоретических исследований методике. Результаты. Разработаны правила определения пределов огнестойкости современных строительных конструкций из железобетона, основанные на упрощенном использовании табличных данных, которые позволяют обеспечить пожарную безопасность зданий и сооружений путем оценки предела огнестойкости незащищенных железобетонных строительных конструкций и подбора параметров конструктивной огнезащиты для его повышения. Область применения исследований. Полученные результаты могут применяться при разработке норм проектирования и конструирования железобетонных конструкций, для решения задач по оценке огнестойкости строительных конструкций и элементов при проектировании и строительстве зданий и сооружений, в том числе в рамках действующих норм.

داود وفاداری کمارعلیا, پریا پودینه قزاقی, محسن کافی

مناظر و فضاهای سبز شهری بخش جدایی‌ناپذیر فضاهای شهری می‌باشند که در شرایط گوناگون نقش قابل‌توجهی در رفاه و آسایش شهروندان دارند. با شیوع همه­گیری کووید 19 و اعمال قرنطینه و فاصله اجتماعی فشارهای روحی و روانی بسیاری به افراد جامعه وارد آمد و دسترسی به پارک­های شهری نسبت به دوران قبل از همه‌گیری کووید 19 محدود گردید. بر این اساس، هدف از این پژوهش دست‌یابی به تغییرات تعداد دفعات و دلایل مراجعات شهروندان به پارک­های شهری در دوران قبل و در زمان شیوع همه‌گیری کووید ۱۹ می‌باشد. در این تحقیق از منابع کتابخانه­ای و پرسشنامه به‌صورت برخط و توزیع از طریق ابزار ارتباطی به‌روز بهره گرفته شد. جهت انتخاب نمونه‌ها از روش انتخاب تصادفی ساده استفاده گردیده و تعداد 198 نفر در پژوهش شرکت نمودند. برای ارزیابی داده‌های مستخرج از پرسشنامه‌ها از آزمون آماری مک نمار و میانگین امتیازی استفاده شد. یافته‌های تحقیق نشان داد که تعداد دفعات مراجعات به پارک­های شهری در دوران همه­گیری کووید ۱۹ به‌طور معنی‌داری کاهش یافته است؛ همچنین میانگین امتیازی تعداد دفعات مراجعات به پارک­های شهری قبل از دوران همه­ گیری کووید 19، 44/3 به دست آمد که در مقایسه با میانگین امتیازی تعداد دفعات مراجعات به پارک­های شهری در دوران همه­گیری کووید 19 که برابر با 58/2 می‌باشد در حد قابل‌توجهی روند نزولی مراجعات به پارک­های شهری را نشان می‌دهد؛ همچنین دلایل مراجعات به پارک­های شهری در دوران کووید 19 نشان می‌دهد که از جنبه تفریحی و اجتماعی پارک­های شهری به‌شدت کاسته شده است. در نتیجه باید موانع و مشکلات حضور شهروندان در پارک­های شهری رفع شده و این اماکن با شرایط همه­ گیری سازگار گردند.

Robert Handfield, Aruna Apte, Daniel J. Finkenstadt

Purpose – The study discusses a rationale for a new type of capability called supply chain immunity that is required to address slow-moving, persistent and dispersed pandemics similar to COVID-19 in the future. The authors’ work on the COVID-19 emergency response suggests flaws in the medical and healthcare supply chain systems, due to reliance on overseas manufacturing and insufficient strategic stockpile. Design/methodology/approach – In seeking to understand the characteristics of supply chain immunity and how it is related to the need for a renewed strategic national stockpile, the authors adopted an inductive observational approach of engaged scholarship, based on their team’s extensive involvement in the national COVID-19 healthcare response during March–June 2020. Findings – The study analysis, based on visibility, velocity and global independence, establishes a new type of supply chain immunity, along with the requirements for development of this capability. The framework for immunity proposed in this article provides general guidelines that an emergency responder would probably use in an informal fashion. The immunity framework is validated through references to current work on COVID-19 supply chain preparedness. Originality/value – The understanding of readiness for pandemic operations using the metaphor of supply chain immunity is unique. It contains important observations on the development of capabilities – specifically, the outcome of an aligned medical and supply chain intelligence, a clinical standards organization and a materials management monitoring system. The authors’ insights are supported not only by literature but also due to direct engagement with academic scholars, Department of Defense (DoD) personnel, supply risk platforms and government officials involved in the COVID-19 pandemic response.

Mojtaba Aghajani, S. Ali Torabi

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to improve the relief procurement process as one of the most important elements of humanitarian logistics. For doing so, a novel two-round decision model is developed to capture the dynamic nature of the relief procurement process by allowing demand updating. The model accounts for the supply priority of items at response phase as well. Design/methodology/approach – A mixed procurement/supply policy is developed through a mathematical model, which includes spot market procurement and a novel procurement auction mechanism combining the concepts of multi-attribute and combinatorial reverse auctions. The model is of bi-objective mixed-integer non-linear programming type, which is solved through the weighted augmented e-constraint method. A case study is also provided to illustrate the applicability of the model. Findings – This study demonstrates the ability of proposed approach to model post-disaster procurement which considers the dynamic environment of the relief logistics. The sensitivity analyses provide useful managerial insights for decision makers by studying the impacts of critical parameters on the solutions. Originality/value – This paper proposes a novel reverse auction framework for relief procurement in the form of a multi-attribute combinatorial auction. Also, to deal with dynamic environment in the post-disaster procurement, a novel two-period programming model with demand updating is proposed. Finally, by considering the priority of relief items and model’s applicability in the setting of relief logistics, post-disaster horizon is divided into three periods and a mixed procurement strategy is developed to determine an appropriate supply policy for each period.

Heide Lukosch, Tina Comes

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to present a methodology for research through game design and discuss how simulation games can be used to bridge the gap between operational exercises and simulation or analytical modelling and to provide guidelines on how simulation games can be designed for different research purposes in the context of humanitarian logistics. Design/methodology/approach – This paper combines a literature review on gaming as a research method with an analysis of requirements for humanitarian logistics research methods. Starting from this theoretical framework, the authors develop a design thinking approach that highlights how games can be used for different research purposes. To illustrate the approach, the authors develop two different game set-ups that are of increasing fidelity and complexity. Finally, the authors discuss the results of the evaluation of both approaches, reflect on the design choices and provide recommendations for research and practice. Findings – Gaming is a suitable research method to explore and analyse behaviour and decisions in emergent settings that require team work and collaborative problem solving. Especially when safety and security concerns may hinder access and experimentation on site, gaming can offer a realistic and engaging quasi-experimental environment. The aspects of engagement and realism also make gaming a suitable tool to combine training and research. Originality/value – Although the use of games has attracted some attention in commercial supply chain management and crisis response, there is no systematic overview of gaming as a research method in humanitarian logistics. This paper is set to make a headway in addressing this gap by proposing a concrete approach to design games for humanitarian logistics research.

Jason James Woldt, Sameer Prasad, Jasmine Tata

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine the flow of refugees through the dual lens of supply chain management and national cultural values. Design/methodology/approach – The proposed model is first developed based upon an extensive literature review. The model is then applied to an example of migrants from Honduras traveling to the USA and those being repatriated back to Honduras. Findings – The connection between national cultural values and elements of refugee supply chain management is identified in this research. The model examines four elements of refugee supply chain management (relationship continuity, partner involvement and development, inter-organizational communication, and network structure), and identifies the influence of these four elements on integrative and collaborative processes along the supply chain and, consequently, on the delivery of services to the refugees (refugee network performance). Research limitations/implications – The model presented in this paper is tested using a single case and does not utilize an empirical methodology. Practical implications – This research enables local municipalities and state entities along international migration paths to better manage their relationships with upstream/downstream players and improve refugee network performance by reducing transit time, lowering overall costs, ensuring the health and safety of the refugees, and identify eligible refugees (those likely to gain asylum) to support. Furthermore, the model provides specific recommendations for international Non-Governmental Organizations to help with the integrative and collaborative processes among the supply chain partners. Originality/value – This research provides a unique perspective in examining the flow of refugees within the context of an international supply chain. The authors look at the critical players along refugee supply chains and develop a model that connects elements of refugee supply chain management with the cultural characteristics of nations.

Сергей Пастухов, Алексей Тетерюков

Разработана методика проведения экспериментальных исследований по определению геометрических параметров пламени при горении двускатной кровли, выполненной из горючих материалов. Проведен анализ существующих современных подходов по определению геометрических параметров пламени. В качестве объекта для экспериментальных исследований использовано типовое решение фрагмента двускатной кровли. Разработана схема расстановки измерительной аппаратуры для регистрации экспериментальных данных, а также выполнена компьютерная трехмерная модель двускатной кровли из горючих материалов.

Ira Haavisto, Jarrod Goentzel

Purpose – – The purpose of the paper is to deepen the understanding of supply chain performance objectives in the humanitarian context by striving to understand the underlying goals and conceptual variables behind the measurement of performance, such as efficiency. Design/methodology/approach – – The research is an in-depth case study with one humanitarian organization. The data are gathered with mixed methods over a two-year period. Interviews were conducted in August 2010 and April 2012, and a survey conducted in October 2012. Findings – – Misalignments are detected among different groups in humanitarian operations and between their goals and processes. These misalignments could possibly be corrected through long-term thinking in short-term operations by considering sustainability aspects throughout humanitarian assistance, for example. In addition, efficiency was a commonly identified objective in the case organization, although the definition varied widely and extended beyond the traditional definition of productivity to include planning, accountability and quality. Practical implications – – Better communication and definition of terms is necessary to align goals and the power hierarchy in humanitarian supply chains, where operations seem to be structured more according to donor requirements then beneficiary needs. Originality/value – – This is an in-depth case study, applying goal-setting theory to study supply chain performance. The study further responds to the public “aid efficiency” discussion by striving to recognize how efficiency is understood and how it can be measured in a humanitarian supply chain.

Casper Harteveld, Pablo Suarez

Purpose – – The purpose of this guest editorial is to provide the introduction and context of the Special Issue on Games for Learning and Dialogue on Humanitarian Work. The Special Issue aims to promote the development, deployment, and analysis of games for the humanitarian sector: it investigates how games can meaningfully engage people and organizations in experiencing, understanding and improving complex systems. Design/methodology/approach – – The editorial describes the need and motivation for building a body of knowledge on the use of games in the humanitarian sector. It further gives an overview of the three papers included in this Special Issue and how they contribute to building such a body of knowledge. Findings – – Games enable participants to experience the complexity of humanitarian systems, linking decisions with consequences. Even though game-like approaches have been used for decades in disaster management, there is little written about it. The papers included in this Special Issue provide insights and frameworks to learn from, ranging from online tools that reveal inefficiencies in supply chains, to simulated emergency response exercises, to applied improvisation. In addition, the current papers highlight the need for more empirical study of the impact of games. Research implications/limitations – – The Special Issue describes three unique cases, which by no means cover the entire practice of games in the humanitarian sector. However, they do provide insight into the diversity of game-like approaches and signal the current state of practice and research of games for learning and dialogue on humanitarian work. Practical implications – – This editorial gives an overview of how games could be used in practice and why they are relevant for humanitarian work. It further highlights how the contributions in the Special Issue may help in improving humanitarian work. Originality/value – – Although review papers and Special Issues have appeared on particular topics such as climate change, to our knowledge no significant academic attention has been given to humanitarian work with regards to games.