Hasil untuk "Banking"

Timothy H. Hannan, Allen N. Berger

M. Kabir Hassan, Abdel-Hameed M. Bashir

Walfried Lassar, C. Manolis, R. Winsor

Paola Sapienza

M. Iqbal, P. Molyneux

Simei Yang, Xinyu Shi, Lu Zhao et al.

Near-bank Processing-in-Memory (PIM) architectures integrate processing cores (PIMcores) close to DRAM banks to mitigate the high cost of off-chip memory accesses. When accelerating convolutional neural network (CNN) on DRAM-PIM, performance is often constrained by cross-bank (or cross-PIMcore) data transfers, which are induced by the conventional layer-by-layer dataflow that enforces inter-bank (or inter-PIMcore) dependencies across successive CNN layers. To address this challenge, we propose PIMfused, a hardware-software co-design that enables fused-layer dataflow for end-to-end CNN execution in near-bank DRAM-PIM. By adopting fused-layer dataflow, PIMfused improves data reuse and, more importantly, breaks inter-bank data dependencies, thereby optimizing cross-bank data transfers without sacrificing bank-level parallelism. We study the impact of buffer sizes and PIMcore parallelism (1-bank vs. 4-bank) on PIMfused using end-to-end ResNet18. We present three key takeaways and show that with 4-bank PIMcores, PIMfused achieves overall PPA gains over a GDDR6-AiM-like baseline, cutting memory cycles to 30.6%, energy to 83.4%, and area to 76.5%.

Kyle Sonandres, Thomas Palazzo, Jonathan P. How

This paper presents an optimal control solution for an aerocapture vehicle with two control inputs, bank angle and angle of attack, referred to as augmented bank angle modulation (ABAM). We derive the optimal control profiles using Pontryagin's Minimum Principle, validate the result numerically using the Gauss pseudospectral method (implemented in GPOPS), and introduce a novel guidance algorithm, ABAMGuid, for in-flight decision making. High-fidelity Monte Carlo simulations of a Uranus aerocapture mission demonstrate that ABAMGuid can greatly improve capture success rates and reduce the propellant needed for orbital correction following the atmospheric pass.

Martin Langhammer, George A. Constantinides

Recent advances in soft GPGPU architectures have shown that a small (<10K LUT), high performance (770 MHz) processor is possible in modern FPGAs. In this paper we architect and evaluate soft SIMT processor banked memories, which can support high bandwidth (up to 16 ports) while maintaining high speed (over 770 MHz). We compare 9 different memory architectures, including simpler multi-port memories, and run a total of 51 benchmarks (different combinations of algorithms, data sizes and processor memories) to develop a comprehensive set of data which will guide the reader in making an informed memory architecture decision for their application. Our benchmarks are comprised of matrix transpositions (memory intensive) and FFTs (split between memory accesses, floating point, and integer computations) to provide a balanced evaluation. We show that the simpler (but more memory block intensive) multi-port memories offer higher performance than the more architecturally complex banked memories for many applications, especially for smaller memories, but the effective footprint cost of the multi-port memories quickly becomes prohibitive as dataset sizes increase. Our banked memory implementation results - high bandwidth, high Fmax, and high density - can be used for other FPGA applications as well, such as HLS (High Level Synthesis).

Aaron John James

Our current monetary system is a public-private banking hybrid dominated by private interest, often at the expense of public purpose. This article proposes a conception of money as a “common credit” res publica—“a thing of the public”—such that banker powers of money creation and allocation (through lending) are held in trust and subject to regulation or replacement. The idea of common credit underwrites the conditional legitimacy of private bank money creation and the inherent legitimacy in public banking. It supports citizen objections to private banker domination, and it excludes banker claims of regulatory domination entirely.

Alexandru STRATAN, Viorica LOPOTENCO, Liliana STAVER et al.

In the face of emerging challenges such as climate change, supply chain disruptions, increasing input prices, and neighbouring armed conflict, which the agricultural sector of the Republic of Moldova must address, enhancing the country's food security is a top priority. The paper examines the interconnection between the Republic of Moldova’s agri-food exports and food security insurance at the national level, to achieve a resilient agricultural sector for better future integration into the EU single market. The evidence presented in the article suggests that increasing the competitiveness of agri-food products at the international level through enhanced exports does not affect national food security, but should be observed carefully in light of significant climate changes that can cause additional issues for the sufficient supply of some basic products.

D. Karlan

J. Kolodinsky, J. Hogarth, Marianne A. Hilgert

Siu-cheung Chan, Ming-te Lu

Geoffrey Goodell, Hazem Danny Al-Nakib, Tomaso Aste

Nations around the world are conducting research into the design of central bank digital currency (CBDC), a new, digital form of money that would be issued by central banks alongside cash and central bank reserves. Retail CBDC would be used by individuals and businesses as form of money suitable for routine commerce. An important motivating factor in the development of retail CBDC is the decline of the popularity of central bank money for retail purchases and the increasing use of digital money created by the private sector for such purposes. The debate about how retail CBDC would be designed and implemented has led to many proposals, which have sparked considerable debate about business models, regulatory frameworks, and the socio-technical role of money in general. Here, we present a critical analysis of the existing proposals. We examine their motivations and themes, as well as their underlying assumptions. We also offer a reflection of the opportunity that retail CBDC represents and suggest a way forward in furtherance of the public interest.

Mikhail Mamonov, Christopher Parmeter, Artem Prokhorov

We study the impact of exchange rate volatility on cost efficiency and market structure in a cross-section of banks that have non-trivial exposures to foreign currency (FX) operations. We use unique data on quarterly revaluations of FX assets and liabilities (Revals) that Russian banks were reporting between 2004 Q1 and 2020 Q2. {\it First}, we document that Revals constitute the largest part of the banks' total costs, 26.5\% on average, with considerable variation across banks. {\it Second}, we find that stochastic estimates of cost efficiency are both severely downward biased -- by 30\% on average -- and generally not rank preserving when Revals are ignored, except for the tails, as our nonparametric copulas reveal. To ensure generalizability to other emerging market economies, we suggest a two-stage approach that does not rely on Revals but is able to shrink the downward bias in cost efficiency estimates by two-thirds. {\it Third}, we show that Revals are triggered by the mismatch in the banks' FX operations, which, in turn, is driven by household FX deposits and the instability of Ruble's exchange rate. {\it Fourth}, we find that the failure to account for Revals leads to the erroneous conclusion that the credit market is inefficient, which is driven by the upper quartile of the banks' distribution by total assets. Revals have considerable negative implications for financial stability which can be attenuated by the cross-border diversification of bank assets.

Lijun Zu, Wenyu Qi, Hongyi Li et al.

The digital transformation of banks has led to a paradigm shift, promoting the open sharing of data and services with third-party providers through APIs, SDKs, and other technological means. While data sharing brings personalized, convenient, and enriched services to users, it also introduces security risks, including sensitive data leakage and misuse, highlighting the importance of data classification and grading as the foundational pillar of security. This paper presents a cloud-edge collaborative banking data open application scenario, focusing on the critical need for an accurate and automated sensitive data classification and categorization method. The regulatory outpost module addresses this requirement, aiming to enhance the precision and efficiency of data classification. Firstly, regulatory policies impose strict requirements concerning data protection. Secondly, the sheer volume of business and the complexity of the work situation make it impractical to rely on manual experts, as they incur high labor costs and are unable to guarantee significant accuracy. Therefore, we propose a scheme UP-SDCG for automatically classifying and grading financially sensitive structured data. We developed a financial data hierarchical classification library. Additionally, we employed library augmentation technology and implemented a synonym discrimination model. We conducted an experimental analysis using simulation datasets, where UP-SDCG achieved precision surpassing 95%, outperforming the other three comparison models. Moreover, we performed real-world testing in financial institutions, achieving good detection results in customer data, supervision, and additional in personally sensitive information, aligning with application goals. Our ongoing work will extend the model’s capabilities to encompass unstructured data classification and grading, broadening the scope of application.

Roselyter Monchari Riang’a, Njeri Nyanja, Adelaide Lusambili et al.

Abstract Background Despite the proven efficacy of Community Health Volunteers (CHVs) in promoting primary healthcare in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), they are not adequately financed and compensated. The latter contributes to the challenge of high attrition rates observed in many settings, highlighting an urgent need for innovative compensation strategies for CHVs amid budget constraints experienced by healthcare systems. This study sought to identify strategies for implementing Income-Generating Activities (IGAs) for CHVs in Kilifi County in Kenya to improve their livelihoods, increase motivation, and reduce attrition. Methods An exploratory qualitative research study design was used, which consisted of Focus group discussions with CHVs involved in health promotion and data collection activities in a local setting. Further, key informant in-depth interviews were conducted among local stakeholder representatives and Ministry of Health officials. Data were recorded, transcribed and thematically analysed using MAXQDA 20.4 software. Data coding, analysis and presentation were guided by the Okumus’ (2003) Strategy Implementation framework. Results A need for stable income was identified as the driving factor for CHVs seeking IGAs, as their health volunteer work is non-remunerative. Factors that considered the local context, such as government regulations, knowledge and experience, culture, and market viability, informed their preferred IGA strategy. Individual savings through table-banking, seeking funding support through loans from government funding agencies (e.g., Uwezo Fund, Women Enterprise Fund, Youth Fund), and grants from corporate organizations, politicians, and other donors were proposed as viable options for raising capital for IGAs. Formal registration of IGAs with Government regulatory agencies, developing a guiding constitution, empowering CHVs with entrepreneurial and leadership skills, project and group diversity management, and connecting them to support agencies were the control measures proposed to support implementation and enhance the sustainability of IGAs. Group-owned and managed IGAs were preferred over individual IGAs. Conclusion CHVs are in need of IGAs. They proposed implementation strategies informed by local context. Agencies seeking to support CHVs’ livelihoods should, therefore, engage with and be guided by the input from CHVs and local stakeholders.

Otilia Manta, Maria Palazzo

The existing global multi-crises have generated significant transformations in the architecture of financial systems, impacting local communities. Furthermore, the digital era has created a conducive environment for the development of financial innovations that can generate financial instruments supporting financial inclusion. Our research aims to identify and develop innovative financial instruments that foster closer collaboration within communities and promote a more equitable distribution of wealth and resources, directly impacting financial inclusion and well-being. The methodology used in our study is based on existing empirical research in the specialized scientific literature, as well as on identifying variables within existing models. Additionally, the use of bibliometric analyses and research tools based on artificial intelligence allows us to structure the innovative financial instruments found in the scientific databases. Building on the existence of innovative financial instruments, our paper specifically explores the concept of time banking as an innovative financial instrument, offering a new approach to economic exchange and the construction of financial mechanisms at the local community level. By using technology, especially in digital and ecological eras, time banks can be efficiently managed through online platforms where individuals can register their contributed hours and access the services they need. This study’s conclusions emphasize that time banks have the potential to serve as innovative financial instruments. Furthermore, through the analysis conducted in this study and the identified models, this study contributes to redefining the concept of time banking as an innovative financial instrument. Time banks focus on the productivity and efficiency of local community activities, with direct implications for reducing dependence on traditional currency and promoting an equitable distribution of labor. This innovative approach is promising, especially in an increasingly digitized financial landscape. Our paper seeks to capture this transformative potential and highlight our personal contributions to redefining the time bank as an innovative financial instrument.

J. Donner, C. Tellez

L. Casaló, C. Flavián, Miguel Guinaliu