Hasil untuk "Architecture"

Josh Abramson, Jonas Adler, Jack Dunger et al.

The introduction of AlphaFold 21 has spurred a revolution in modelling the structure of proteins and their interactions, enabling a huge range of applications in protein modelling and design2, 3, 4, 5–6. Here we describe our AlphaFold 3 model with a substantially updated diffusion-based architecture that is capable of predicting the joint structure of complexes including proteins, nucleic acids, small molecules, ions and modified residues. The new AlphaFold model demonstrates substantially improved accuracy over many previous specialized tools: far greater accuracy for protein–ligand interactions compared with state-of-the-art docking tools, much higher accuracy for protein–nucleic acid interactions compared with nucleic-acid-specific predictors and substantially higher antibody–antigen prediction accuracy compared with AlphaFold-Multimer v.2.37,8. Together, these results show that high-accuracy modelling across biomolecular space is possible within a single unified deep-learning framework. AlphaFold 3 has a substantially updated architecture that is capable of predicting the joint structure of complexes including proteins, nucleic acids, small molecules, ions and modified residues with greatly improved accuracy over many previous specialized tools.

In architecture, tacit knowledge plays a substantial role in both the design process and its reception. The essays in this book explore the tacit dimension of architecture in its aesthetic, material, cultural, design-based, and reflexive understanding of what we build. Tacit knowledge, described in 1966 by Michael Polanyi as what we ‘can know but cannot tell’, often denotes knowledge that escapes quantifiable dimensions of research. Much of architecture’s knowledge resides beneath the surface, in nonverbal instruments such as drawings and models that articulate the spatial imagination of the design process. Awareness of the tacit dimension helps to understand the many facets of the spaces we inhabit, from the ideas of the architect to the more hidden assumptions of our cultures. Beginning in the studio, where students are guided into becoming architects, the book follows a path through the tacit knowledge present in materials, conceptual structures, and the design process, revealing how the tacit dimension leads to craftsmanship and the situated knowledge of architecture-in-the-world.

P. Bonasso, R. J. Firbyy, Erann Gatz et al.

A. Odgaard

S. Deering, D. Estrin, D. Farinacci et al.

S. Czerwinski, Ben Y. Zhao, Todd D. Hodes et al.

C. Hofmeister, R. Nord, Dilip Soni

Adeb Ali Ebrahim

The primary drivers of agricultural land depletion in Taiz be diagnosed quantitatively in this study, proposing for the first time a replicable conflict-sensitive urban management model. The overarching objective is to bridge the critical gap between sustainable urban expansion and the preservation of agro-ecological systems in fragile, data-scarce contexts. A combination of unplanned sprawl, crisis, and ineffective governance, Taiz City's rapid urbanization between 2000 and 2024 resulted in a 35% loss of agricultural land. This study proposes that governance reduces the primary causes of conflict escalation and the severity of sprawl. This study combines GIS spatial analysis (Landsat 8/9 and support vector machine classification), regression modeling, and global case comparisons (Medellín and Mumbai) to assess land-use trends. The findings indicate that governance diminishes the effects (β = −0.50, p < 0.01), sprawl (β = 0.85, p < 0.01), and conflict (β = 0.002, p < 0.05) explain 85% of the variance in losses. By 2024, 3.2 million residents' food security was at risk because of the urbanization of 60% of peri-urban fertile lands. Vertical expansion, tenure regularization and GIS planning will reclaim 20% of land by 2030.

Yonghong Wang, Jiayang Li

Ragnhild Kobro Runde, K. Stølen

D. Abadi, Donald Carney, U. Çetintemel et al.

Branko Kolarevic

J. C. Koch

Marzia Gabriele, Raffaella Brumana, Nicola Genzano

In environmental management, monitoring transitions toward regenerative agriculture (RA) supports carbon offset initiatives aligned with Regulation (EU) 2018/841. Current Land Use, Land Use Change, and Forestry (LULUCF) platforms primarily analyze macro-scale Earth Observation (EO) vegetation trends, yet are increasingly enhancing ground-based data collection. This study integrates these approaches through a methodological workflow comprising: (1) a survey segment with a 30 × 30 m pixel sampling grid for landscape-scale trend assessment and sub-hectare Survey Validation Areas delineating specific RA management practices; and (2) an EO monitoring segment using Landsat 5, 7, and 8 time series, processed in R and Google Earth Engine (GEE) to model 30 m phenological dynamics, alongside 10 m Sentinel-2 NDVI 15-day Maximum Value Composites published via a GEE application (RegenAPP). Applied to an experimental RA site, La Junquera – Camp Altiplano (Murcia, Spain), the workflow enabled fine-scale analyses, identifying greening trends in no-till RA plots in contrast to browning in adjacent tilled organic fields. Sub-hectare analyses further detailed phenological patterns linked to specific RA practices. This integrated EO–Survey approach complements LULUCF assessments by coupling EO-derived vegetation analytics with targeted field validation, capturing spatial and temporal RA transition dynamics.

Hao Jin, Yike Yang, Xinxin Zhao et al.

The service status of rail, fasteners and track slabs is the key determinant of whether the ballastless track is ready for traffic after a fire. The track slab rail support bolt anchoring performance and the shoulder service performance damaged by fire were tested. Experiments of ballastless track slab concrete burned at different high temperatures were carried out to compare macro- and microstructural properties of the concrete under high-temperature burning to study the microstructure of hydration products after high-temperature burning and reveal the damage mechanism of the track slab concrete after a fire. The results show that the fire damage to the rail and fastener is mainly deformations, fractures and strength reduction. The degree of the fire damage of the mortar layer and base slab is much lower than that of the track slab. The main fire damage to the concrete is track and base slab cracks, spalling and gaps. The degree of the fire damage to the mortar layer and base slab is much lower than that of the track slab. The fire damage of the track slab concrete is mainly bursts, and the concrete cracks, spalling and deterioration occur layer by layer from the outside to inside. The shoulder injury is the most serious, the shear resistance is greatly reduced, the rail support is protected by the rail and fastener, the impact of the fire damage is small and the bolt anchoring performance was not decreased. The position of the track slab’s inside damage corresponds to the surface damage position. The steel bar inside the track slab is in good condition, and there is no obvious damage. The bulk expansion of the ballastless track concrete was caused by the expansion of aggregates under fire. When the expansion of aggregates is constrained by the shrinkage of hydration products, greater internal stress is generated, which is the main reason for the cracking or bursting of the ballastless track slab concrete under high temperatures.

D. Lieberman, J. Tooby, L. Cosmides

D. Marr

Shi Yan Sun, Ruili Gao, Yueyang Li et al.

Introduction: The study presents an integrated system comprising a central platform and four wave-energy converters, with a focus on investigating their coupled motions induced by ocean waves. The interaction between the buoys and the central platform is achieved through the implementation of spring components. The power take-off system is simulated by incorporating damping coefficients and stiffness into these spring components, enabling a detailed analysis of the energy conversion of such system.Methods: Numerical simulations based on the continuity equation and the Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) equations, coupled with the realizable k−ε turbulence model, are conducted. The two-phase flow model employs the Volume of Fluid (VOF) method to accurately capture free surface elevations. Additionally, frequency-domain predictions, based on the linearized velocity potential flow theory, are provided for a single central platform and buoy for comparative purposes.Results: Detailed results regarding the effects of wave frequency and the damping coefficient of the power take-off system are presented.Discussion: The results reveal that while both the platform’s motion and the relative motions between buoys and the platform are suppressed, the absolute motion of buoys varies depending on their respective locations within the system and ocean waves. This variation is deeply influenced by the interaction between incident, reflected and diffracted waves within the system.

Halil Burak Akdeniz, Sinan Levend, Şaban İnam

Global climate change, one of the most important problems of today, and human activities have negative effects on the sustainability of natural resources. It has become necessary to establish planning and management mechanisms for the sustainable use of drinking water basins within the protection-use balance. Beyşehir Basin, Türkiye was chosen as the study area. The aim of this study is to present a new model approach for the use of Analytical Hierarchy Process and Geographic Information Systems, based on the unique topographic, hydrological, and environmental characteristics of the basin, in the determination of the drinking water basin protection zones. Thirteen criteria, which affect the reaching of the pollutants to the water surface and reflect the topographic, hydrological, and environmental characteristics of the basin, were used in the determination of the protection zones. As a result of the study, it was determined that 2.83% of the basin is in the absolute protection zone, 44.97% in the short-range protection zone, 35.93% in the medium-range protection zone and 16.26% in the long-range protection zone. In the last stage, the conservation areas determined by the current legal regulations for the basin and the protection zones determined by the model approach were spatially and areally compared. According to the results of the comparison, it was determined with the proposed protection model that the absolute protection, the short-range protection, and the medium-range protection zones increased areally, and the spatial distributions of these protection zones were shaped according to the structure of the basin.