Hasil untuk "Agriculture"

Subcommittee on Poultry Nutrition, Board on Agriculture

J. Pretty

M. Pescod

K. Henle, D. Alard, Jeremy Clitherow et al.

G. Wilson

T. Coelli, D. S. P. Rao

T. Lyson

T. Schultz, Seán G. Brady

J. Pretty, W. Sutherland, J. Ashby et al.

C. Müller, W. Cramer, W. Hare et al.

J. Dethier, Alexandra Effenberger

Hongda Chen, R. Yada

Payman A. A. Zibari, Zhiyan A. Teli, Mohammed A. Hussain

Four genotypes of faba bean Vicia faba L. (Aknadcge, FlIP-17-078FB, FLIP-17-072FB and Fiedo were carried out during 2020-2021 winter season in year under four levels of phosphorus (0.0 18,36 and 54 Kg ha-1) at the farm of field crops department, college of Agricultural Engineering science, University of Duhok, the experiment unit ranged in factorial within randomized complete block design with three replications. The result show significant effect of faba bean genotypes for all studies traits except plant height and main branches per plant and number of seed per plant, while the phosphorus level exhibited highly significant effect on all studies traits except plant Height and main branches the interaction between genotypes and phosphorus levels show significant effect for days to flowering, pod length, 100 seed weight and number nodes per plant and the rest traits exhibited non-significant. The fedo genotypes was superior in pod weight, 100 seed weight, number of nodules plant-1 and number of pods plant-1. The seed yield gave positive correlation with number of nodules plant-1 (0.742, 0.751) phenotypic and genotypic and positive correlation with 100 seed weight (0.673 and 0.694).

L. Rusinamhodzi, M. Corbeels, M. Wijk et al.

Conservation agriculture involves reduced tillage, permanent soil cover and crop rotations to enhance soil fertility and to supply food from a dwindling land resource. Recently, conservation agriculture has been promoted in Southern Africa, mainly for maize-based farming systems. However, maize yields under rain-fed conditions are often variable. There is therefore a need to identify factors that influence crop yield under conservation agriculture and rain-fed conditions. Here, we studied maize grain yield data from experiments lasting 5 years and more under rain-fed conditions. We assessed the effect of long-term tillage and residue retention on maize grain yield under contrasting soil textures, nitrogen input and climate. Yield variability was measured by stability analysis. Our results show an increase in maize yield over time with conservation agriculture practices that include rotation and high input use in low rainfall areas. But we observed no difference in system stability under those conditions. We observed a strong relationship between maize grain yield and annual rainfall. Our meta-analysis gave the following findings: (1) 92% of the data show that mulch cover in high rainfall areas leads to lower yields due to waterlogging; (2) 85% of data show that soil texture is important in the temporal development of conservation agriculture effects, improved yields are likely on well-drained soils; (3) 73% of the data show that conservation agriculture practices require high inputs especially N for improved yield; (4) 63% of data show that increased yields are obtained with rotation but calculations often do not include the variations in rainfall within and between seasons; (5) 56% of the data show that reduced tillage with no mulch cover leads to lower yields in semi-arid areas; and (6) when adequate fertiliser is available, rainfall is the most important determinant of yield in southern Africa. It is clear from our results that conservation agriculture needs to be targeted and adapted to specific biophysical conditions for improved impact.

Fatima Buchh, Neelofar Khan, F. Jan

Manuel Collado-Cuadrado, Claudia Alarcón-Torrecillas, Alfonso Balmori-de la Puente et al.

Heartworm disease, caused by <i>Dirofilaria immitis,</i> is a vector-borne zoonotic disease, (mainly affecting canids and felids) causing chronic vascular and pulmonary pathology in its early stages, which worsens with parasite load and/or death of adult worms in the pulmonary artery or right heart cavity, and can be fatal to the host. Angiogenesis is a mechanism by which new blood vessels are formed from existing ones. The aim of this work was to study the effect of two molecules of the <i>D. immitis</i> excretory/secretory antigen (DiES) on the angiogenic process, taking into account that this antigen is able to interact with this process and use it as a survival mechanism. For this purpose, an in vitro model of endothelial cells was used and treated with two recombinant proteins, i.e., actin (Act) and fructose-bisphosphate aldolase (FBAL) proteins belonging to DiES, and both pro- and antiangiogenic molecules were analyzed, as well as the cellular processes of cell proliferation, migration, and pseudocapillary formation. Act and FBAL proteins, together with vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF-A), as an angiogenic precursor, are able to stimulate the production of proangiogenic factors as well as cellular processes of proliferation, migration, and pseudocapillary formation. This implies that these molecules could be produced by <i>D. immitis</i> to facilitate its survival, and the relationship between parasite and canine host would be further elaborated.

Darman Agung Sandakila, Gracetia Devita Hadi, Riska Gultom et al.

The Black Soldier Fly (Hermetia illucens L.) or BSF is one of a group of insects that has a length of 15-20 mm originating from America. The larvae of the BSF has a high protein content (44.26%), which has great potential in treating wound healing. This study investigated the wound healing potential of Black Soldier Fly Larvae (BSFL) ethanolic extract on mice. The research aimed to determine the extract's content, its effect on wound closure percentage, and its impact on total DNA content in mice. Using a completely randomized design, 30 male mice were divided into 6 treatment groups: no treatment (K-1), placebo (K-2), povidone iodine 10% (K+), and BSFL ethanolic extract at 10%, 15%, and 20% concentrations. Wounds were treated for 14 days, with measurements taken every 2 days. Results showed that the 20% BSFL extract was most effective in wound healing, with wound lengths comparable to the povidone iodine group. The highest total DNA content was observed in the 20% BSFL group (42.25 ± 7.45 µg/mL), indicating enhanced cell proliferation. Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrophotometry analysis revealed high lauric acid content (44.27%) in the extract, known for its antibacterial properties. Organoleptic and homogeneity tests confirmed the ointment's suitability for topical application. The extract's efficacy is attributed to its high protein content, various amino acids, and minerals that play crucial roles in wound healing processes. The study concludes that BSFL ethanolic extract, particularly at 20% concentration, shows promising potential as a natural wound healing agent, offering antibacterial and tissue regeneration properties. These findings open new avenues for developing sustainable, insect-based wound healing treatments.

Yan Gao, Lin Zhang, Weiwei Chen et al.

Although great progress has been made in the development of hybrid rice with increased yield, challenges for the improvement of grain quality still remain. In this study, the textural properties of cooked rice and physicochemical characteristics of starch were investigated for 29 new hybrid rice derived from 5 sterile and 11 restorer rice lines. Except for one sterile line Te A (P1) with high apparent amylose content (AAC) (26.9%), all other parents exhibited a low AAC. Gui 263 demonstrated the highest AAC (20.6%) among the restorer lines, so the Te A/Gui 263 hybrid displayed the highest AAC (23.1%) among all the hybrid rice. The mean AAC was similar between sterile, restorer lines and hybrid rice. However, the mean hardness of cooked rice and gels of sterile lines were significantly higher than that of restorer lines and hybrid rice (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Pasting temperature and gelatinization temperatures were significantly higher in the hybrids than in the restorer lines (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Cluster analysis based on the physicochemical properties divided the parents and hybrid rice into two major groups. One group included P1 (Te A), P12 and P14 and three hybrid rice derived from P1, while the other group, including 39 rice varieties, could be further divided into three subgroups. AAC showed significant correlation with many parameters, including peak viscosity, hot peak viscosity, cold peak viscosity, breakdown, setback, onset temperature, peak temperature, conclusion temperature, enthalpy of gelatinization, gel hardness and cooked rice hardness (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Principal component analysis revealed that the first component, comprised of the AAC, peak viscosity, breakdown, setback, onset temperature, peak temperature, conclusion temperature and gel hardness, explained 44.1% of variance, suggesting AAC is the most important factor affecting the grain quality of hybrid rice. Overall, this study enables targeted improvements to key rice grain quality attributes, particularly AAC and textural properties, that will help to develop superior rice varieties.

Golnor Kosari, Mohammad Ali Norouzian, Behzad Khorrami et al.

This study investigated the potential impact of feeding whole plant basil on sperm quality and the concentration of certain reproductive hormones in male lambs. A total of 18 Zandi male lambs with an initial weight of 28.8 ± 2.03 kg were included in a completely randomized design with three treatments and six repetitions. The experimental treatments included: 1) control (basal diet without basil), 2) diet containing 12.5 % basil, and 3) diet containing 25 % basil. The results showed that feeding basil to male lambs significantly increased testosterone concentration and decreased blood cortisol levels (P < 0.05). Additionally, feeding high levels of basil significantly improved sperm concentration, motility, and viability in the experimental samples, while reducing the level of complete abnormalities and malondialdehyde concentration (P < 0.05). The findings suggest that dietary supplementation of 25 % whole plant basil could be a useful strategy to improve sperm quality and increase testosterone secretion while reducing cortisol levels in male lambs.

Lauren A. Rickards, S. Howden

Abstract. Climate change presents the need and opportunity for what the Stern report called ‘major, non-marginal change’. Such transformational adaptation is rapidly emerging as a serious topic in agriculture. This paper provides an overview of the topic as it applies to agriculture, focusing on the Australian situation. It does so by first defining transformational adaptation, distinguishing it from other more incremental but overlapping modes of climate change adaptation and positing its emergence in agriculture as a response to both drivers and opportunities. The multiple dimensions of transformational adaptation are highlighted before two types or cases are focussed upon in order to tease out issues and highlight two major examples of transformation in agriculture in the past. Four key issues about climate change adaptation in agriculture particularly pertinent for transformational adaptation are then reviewed: the identification, level, distribution and management of the costs of adaptation; the definition, potential for and need to avoid maladaptation; the capacity demands that this level of adaptation presents; and the role of government in adaptation. Overall, transformational adaptation poses potential great gains but also great risks. It reinforces the realisation that agricultural research can no longer remain insulated from off-farm, non-science or non-agricultural knowledge or processes. Support and guidance of transformational adaptation requires that we understand how Australian agriculture is currently, and could be, positioned within the landscape, rural communities, and broader social, political and cultural environment.