Dr Belinda Senooane, Professor J. A. Wiid, Professor N. Dilotsotlhe
Consumer concerns about the natural environment have increased tremendously due to rising environmental challenges. However, globalisation – with its increase in the production and consumption of commodities – has increased participation in global consumer culture, adversely affecting the environment. Consequently, research on the consumption–sustainability nexus has grown exponentially in an effort to understand how individuals can consume responsibly in a resource-constrained world. In light of these sustainability concerns, this study empirically investigated how cultural identity factors, such as cosmopolitanism, ethnocentrism and materialism, influence environmental ethics and predict green purchase intention. Using a survey-based approach, they proposed a model validated with data from 548 respondents using structural equation modelling. Results indicated that all three variables had a significant positive effect on environmental ethics, although the effect of ethnocentrism was negligible. Unexpectedly, materialism also had a significant impact on environmental ethics. The results also revealed that environmental ethics strongly predicts green purchase behaviour, while also mediating the relationship between cultural identity factors and green purchase intention. These findings suggest that appealing to people’s cosmopolitan and material values and enhancing their environmental ethics may increase their participation in green consumption. The study provides implications for practice and suggestions for further research.
Numerous studies have shown that leadership style is a crucial factor in the success and growth of an organization in an environment as volatile as the current one. This study tests how leadership styles affect organizational effectiveness in Albanian agricultural enterprises. To determine this effect in a different context, the Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire (MLQ), a previously validated instrument, was used. Furthermore, managers and staff members from three different businesses participated in qualitative interviews to gain a deeper understanding and contextualize the results. According to these interviews, transformational leadership fosters an atmosphere that values creativity, strategic clarity, and employee empowerment. Individualized attention, inspired motivation, and idealized influence are among its key traits. On the other hand, stagnation, sometimes accompanied by a lack of creativity and a reduced sense of corporate responsibility, was commonly associated with passive leadership styles. In line with earlier work, this study, using both quantitative and qualitative evidence, supports the notion that transformational leadership has a positive impact on organizational effectiveness. In developing nations like Albania, where inclusive and flexible leadership is essential for sustained success, this study has ramifications for performance evaluations and leadership development.
Marketing. Distribution of products, Economics as a science
This Issue of Symphonya.Emerging Issue in Management arises from the needs and concerns expressed by a growing number of researchers, especially young people in the early stages of their academic careers, of not being able to publish their scientific works due to the high costs required by the largest international publishers.
In the eighties, with the massive help of electronic publishing, large commercial publishing houses have increased their control of the science system. The proportion of the scientific output published in journals under their ownership has risen steadily over the past 40 years.
Where is the business research system going to? So, how to proceed now? Journals taking large fees without providing robust editorial or publishing services has created what some have called an age of academic racketeering. How can we return to the centrality of the science of management, without the commercial and profit conditioning created by the biggest publishers?
First of all, it is now essential that the American and European Antitrust Authorities activate antimonopoly measures on an international scale. However, anti-cartel measures are not sufficient. Without any doubt, in order to ensure a robust progress of the science of management, and more generally of the sciences and of humanity as a whole, scientific research must return to a centrality of universities and research centers, with the predominance of researchers affiliated to international schools of thought and with autonomous and authoritative journals.
An increasing number of brands have been redesigning their logos. While the manner of redesigning varies, some brands change only the logo color. This study examined the effect of changes in color saturation while brand logo redesigns on consumers’ brand attitudes. Saturation, which indicates the vividness of a color, gives consumers an impression of energy and dynamism. Therefore, we examined the impact of changes in brand logo color saturation on brand attitudes by enhancing perceptions of brand energy. Three studies revealed that 1) a highly saturated logo enhances consumers’ perception of brand energy; 2) increasing saturation when changing the logo color increases brand energy perception, which in turn increases attitude toward the brand; and 3) the effect of brand energy perception on attitude toward the brand is stronger for international brands than for domestic brands. This study, which clarified the relationship between the influence of saturation and brand attitude when a brand logo is redesigned, provides many suggestions for companies considering logo redesign.
Digital platforms for crowdfunding have emerged as a breakthrough in the field of entrepreneurial finance, offering a digital channel for democratizing capital access on a worldwide level. This study demonstrates how crowdfunding platforms assist impending firms in managing worldwide finances' intricacies while surpassing institutional and cultural obstacles through practical occurrences. This paper closely examines the social impact of these platforms as well as legislative frameworks, cultural norms, key performance indicators, and platform features. An important factor determining whether or not a crowdfunding site succeeds is its design and characteristics. The study points out that some platform features like reward tiers, equity options, and community-building tools can have an impact on investor involvement and the outcome of campaigns. Furthermore, the research showcases that crowdfunding is increasingly being used as a technique to enhance diversity and inclusion, especially among unrepresented business owners including females and ethnic minorities. The study finds optimal practices and typical problems in obtaining foreign finance by examining the success rates of businesses and how these platforms assist disadvantaged entrepreneurs. The results are intended to contribute to a more inclusive entrepreneurial environment by exposing tactics that business owners can use to optimize the potential of crowdfunding in various geographic areas. In essence, this paper intends to give practical information that can be used by politicians, private-public partners, and other stakeholders in business to promote an entrepreneurship environment that is fairer and more sustainable.
Key words: digital crowdfunding, global entrepreneurship, access to capital, inclusive finance.
Economics as a science, Marketing. Distribution of products
Purpose: This paper investigates the main factors of international tourist arrivals to three Mediterranean destinations, namely Greece, Albania and Montenegro.
Methods: A gravity model for panel data was used to analyze the number of tourists from twenty of the most important origin countries during the period 2012-2021.
Results: Findings show that international tourism is adversely affected by bilateral distance and large-scale crisis such as COVID-19 pandemic. On the other hand, the flow of international visitors is positively related to populations and incomes per capita in origin and destination countries, geographical contiguity and climate similarity. Other pull factors for tourism flows include total investments in infrastructure, and political stability and absence of violence or terrorism.
Implications: The results of this research provide some important implications and recommendations for tourism industry policymakers and managers.
Management. Industrial management, Marketing. Distribution of products
Dwi Agustina Kurniawati, Asfin Handoko, Rajesh Piplani
et al.
Purpose This paper aims to optimize the halal product distribution by minimizing the transportation cost while ensuring halal integrity of the product. The problem is considered as a capacitated vehicle routing problem (CVRP), based on the assumption that two different types of vehicles are used for distribution: vehicles dedicated for halal product distribution and vehicles dedicated for nonhalal products distribution. The problem is modeled as an integer linear program (ILP), termed CVRP-halal and nonhalal products distribution (CVRP-HNPD). It is solved using tabu-search (TS)-based algorithm and is suitable for application to real-life sized halal product distribution. Design/methodology/approach Two approaches are used in solving the problem: exact approach (integer-linear program) and approximate approach (TS). First, the problem is modeled as ILP and solved using CPLEX Solver. To solve life-sized problems, a TS-based algorithm is developed and run using MATLAB. Findings The experiments on numerical data and life-sized instances validate the proposed model and algorithm and show that cost-minimizing routes for HNPD are developed while ensuring the halal integrity of the products. Practical implications The proposed model and algorithm are suitable as decision support tools for managers responsible for distribution of halal products as they facilitate the development of minimum cost distribution routes for halal and nonhalal products while maintaining the integrity of halal products. The model and algorithm provide a low transportation cost strategy at the operational level of halal products distribution while fulfilling the halal logistics requirement. Originality/value To the best of the author’s knowledge, this is the first study that specifically deals with the CVRP of halal products distribution by proposing CVRP-HNPD model and TS-CVRP-HNPD algorithm. The proposed model and algorithm ensure the integrity of halal products along the distribution chain, from the warehouse (distribution center) to the retailer, while achieving lowest transportation cost.
In today's world, huge amounts of information affect all aspects of our lives and play an important role in our decisions. The importance of big data in business, like other key processes in the organization, has not hidden from experts. Access to big data can play an important role in understanding audience behavior, planning advertising campaigns, deciding on a marketing mix such as changing a product and selecting its distribution channels, implementing e-marketing strategies, content production strategies, and many other micro and macro decisions. The Internet of Things as a transformative technology is one of the most important sources of big data production. The use of social networks and online platforms in marketing, allows companies to interact with consumers in a targeted manner and provide the required information as soon as possible. In addition to high volume, IoT data also has high accuracy and purity, based on performance. Despite all the positive features of IoT-based smart marketing and the presence of big data, the disclosure of private information is the main problem. Therefore, it is necessary to pay attention to methods, approaches and technologies that can help eliminate this complication. It seems that blockchain technology with features such as tracking, transparency and security enhancement, can help to eliminate this problem and improve the performance of the digital marketing industry. For this reason, this article provides a conceptual framework for demonstrating the causal relationships of the elements that make up an intelligent marketing system based on these evolving technologies. Understanding this framework will help implement a smart and capable marketing system.
Regulatory focus theory has most frequently been applied in the field of marketing and consumer research in recent years. This paper reviews the theory applied to research on advertising, which can be divided into three categories of regulatory focus research on (1) message framing in advertising, (2) the construal level of advertising message, and (3) the nonverbal components of advertisement. The literature review suggested that there is room for regulatory focus research on other nonverbal components of advertising as well as comparative studies on the moderating effects of culture.
Kadek Bagus Gede Jelantik, N.M.S. Wijaya, Putu Agus Wikanatha Sagita
Many travel agents facilitate the interest of tourists, especially Balinese people to do Tirtayatra to India. One of them is Melati Tours as a travel agent providing package tours of Tirtayatra to India. This study was conducted to find out the right marketing strategy of Tirtayatra tour packages to India at Melati Tours. The data analysis technique used are internal environment/IFAS using Marketing Mix 7P analysis as an internal factors and external environment/EFAS using market analysis, competitor analysis, government analysis, technology analysis, economic analysis, social-cultural analysis, environmental analysis and SWOT analysis. The type of data used is quantitative and qualitative data, primary and secondary data. Data collection techniques by observation, interviews, study of literature, documentation and distribution of external internal questionnaires to 100 tourist who bought Tirtayatra tour packages at Melati Tours and to Melati Tours owners and Tourism Academics. Data analysis technique used is mix methods. This study used 18 internal sub-indicators and 8 external sub-indicators and obtained 11 strength factors, 7 weakness factors, 5 opportunity factors and 3 threat factors. Based on the results of data processing on external internal factors/IFAS EFAS, the total value of IFAS is 2,65 and EFAS is 2,20, this indicating the position of the Tirtayatra tour package on Melati Tours in this study is in cell VIII, namely Growth Strategy and Conglomerate Diversification. Melati Tours in marketing Tirtayatra tour packages to India requires a growth strategy through more strategic pressure on financial synergy rather than product marketing strategy for products and prices balance.
تهدف هذه الدراسة إلى اختبار أثر جودة حياة العمل في سلوك المواطنة التنظيمية للعاملين بالسلك شبه الطبي بمستشفى محمد الصديق بن يحيى- جيجل، وتُعد هذه الدراسة كمية لأنها تعتمد على الاستبانة، التي تم توزيعها بطريقة العينة القصدية على 170 فردا، وذلك للحصول على بيانات تُعالج باستخدام برنامج الحــزمة الاحصائية للعلوم الاجتماعية، ولقد تم التوصل إلى وجود ممارسة متوسطة لجودة حياة العمل وسلوك المواطنة التنظيمية، إضافة إلى وجود أثر إيجابي لجودة حياة العمل في سلوك المواطنة التنظيمية، يرجع إلى الأثر الإيجابي للتمكين والعلاقات الإنسانية، وعلى ضوء النتائج التي تم التوصل إليها تم تقديم تفسيرات ومقترحات.
Understanding consumers’ ways of thinking can help identify strategies to limit brand damage and elicit more favorable reactions from disapproving consumers. Analytic thinkers’ beliefs about a brand are diluted when they see negative information; those of holistic thinkers remain unaffected. While both analytic and holistic thinkers blame the brand equally for quality and manufacturing problems, holistic thinkers are more likely to blame contextual factors outside of the brand than analytic thinkers. This ability of holistic thinkers to focus on the outside context is the reason why their brand beliefs are not diluted.
Gospodarstwo rodzinne funkcjonujące w Polsce charakteryzuje silny związek gospodarstwa rolnego z gospodarstwem domowym. Z jednej strony działalność rolnicza stanowi nadal (w licznych przypadkach) podstawowe źródło utrzymania rodziny, ale jednocześnie rodzina wpływa na podejmowane decyzje w zakresie działalności produkcyjnej, inwestycyjnej czy finansowej gospodarstwa rolnego. Decyzje te wywierają wpływ na sytuację ekonomiczną „zakładu pracy” jak i finansową rolnika oraz jego najbliższych. Ten silny związek sprawia, że w gospodarstwie rodzinnym występuje tzw. „jedna kasa”, z której środki, w zależności od potrzeb, wykorzystywane są zarówno w gospodarstwie rolnym jak i domowym. Dlatego też celem pracy było poznanie sytuacji finansowej rodziny w zależności od poziomu kapitału obrotowego oraz sprawdzenie ich wzajemnych powiązań. Sformułowano tezę, że ujemny kapitał obrotowy netto, mimo że zwiększa ryzyko utraty płynności w gospodarstwie rolnym przynosi wyższe korzyści finansowe rodzinie.
إن بحث المؤسسة المعاصرة عن الاستقرار لا يعني ركونها إلى الجمود، بل إن استقرارها لن يتحقق إلاّ في ظلّ مواكبتها للتحوّلات المتواصلة، وهو أمر لا تناقض فيه إذا اعتبرنا أن التغيير المنشود يهدف إلى تحقيق النجاعة القصوى، في ظل المستجدات المتوالية في المحيطين الداخلي والخارجي للمؤسسة. على هذا الأساس، فإن الاتجاه نحو ممارسة التغيير يترتب عليه سلوكين، سلوك إيجابي متعاون يتفاعل مع التغيير ويساهم فيه، وسلوك سلبي يتأرجح بين الجمود والمقاومة الشديدة جدا. من أجل هذه الإشكالية جاء هذا المقال ليتعرّض ابتداء لمفهوم التغيير وأهميته وأنواعه وإدارته، ثم يتناول بالبحث مفهوم مقاومة التغيير وإدارتها وكل الأبعاد الأخرى ذات الصلة من الأشكال، الأسباب، المؤشرات وكيفية التعامل ليخلص إلى جملة من العوامل لإنجاح إدارة مقامة التغيير
The status of Papua New Guinea’s terrestrial mammals is revised according to their geographical distribution,<br />life history characteristics, and current conservation plans and legislation. Considering their uniqueness and<br />threatening factors, their appropriate management is critical to achieve sustainable development in the country.<br />Concerning marsupial species no one has been yet domesticated, there is no organized breeding and their<br />natural productivity is generally lower than ruminants. Their conservation status is related to their size as<br />smaller species are usually more prolific, less conspicuous, and less preferred by hunters. Differences on<br />evolutionary ecology between families are discussed, and recommendations are given for the assessment and<br />further conservation of vulnerable species. Conservation programs must go alongside with rural livelihoods<br />improvement through ecotourism, food security, and marketing of non timber forest products.<br />Keywords: terrestrial mammal, marsupial spesies, conservation status, Papua New Guinea
Wspólna Polityka Rolna w okresie 50 lat podlegała ewolucyjnemu rozwojowi oraz kolejnym reformom. Głównym jej celem było bezpieczeństwo żywnościowe, zrównoważony rozwój gospodarczy na obszarach wiejskich, spełnienie norm związanych z ochroną środowiska i dobrostanem zwierząt oraz poprawa jakości produktów. Wspólna Polityka Rolna począwszy od planu Mansholta w 1968 r. była niekorzystna dla drobnych gospodarstw rolnych. Dopiero w pakiecie projektów UE na lata 2014-2020 kwestia wsparcia drobnych gospodarstw rolnych jest jedną z najistotniejszych propozycji reformy Wspólnej Polityki Rolnej. Jest to wynikiem zmieniających się potrzeb nie tylko rolnictwa ale całego społeczeństwa. Drobne gospodarstwa rolne stanowią w niektórych krajach europejskich szczególnie w Polsce, Rumunii znaczący odsetek produkcji żywnościowej. Dlatego należy wyeliminować bariery ograniczające dostęp drobnych gospodarstw do pomocy w ramach Wspólnej Polityki Rolnej a także zapewnić wsparcie tym gospodarstwom chcącym się rozwijać ekonomicznie. Drobnych gospodarstw nie można pozostawić samym sobie. Konieczna jest w tym względzie rozważna polityka.