Hasil untuk "Labor systems"

Ha Nui Kim, Jin Hee Lee, Yoon Jung et al.

Abstract Manual bone marrow (BM) differential counting is labor-intensive, time-consuming, and prone to inter-observer variability. Artificial intelligence (AI)-based systems can standardize BM cytological assessments. This study evaluated the BMIA-12 A system (UIMD, Seoul, Korea) for automated BM cell recognition and differential counting. A total of 298 BM aspirate smears from 149 patients were analyzed, including normal controls (n = 50), multiple myeloma (n = 33), monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (n = 6), acute myeloid leukemia (AML; n = 40), acute promyelocytic leukemia (n = 4), and acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL; n = 16). Three classification methods were compared: AI-automated, expert-reviewed AI, and manual microscopic counting. Both wedge and squash preparations were assessed. System performance was evaluated using recall, precision, F1-score, and accuracy. BMIA-12 A achieved accuracies of 94.6% (wedge) and 94.0% (squash), with recall > 90% for 14/16 cell types. Wedge preparations showed superior precision for key diagnostic cells, including plasma cells, blasts, and basophils. Strong correlations (r ≥ 0.9) were observed between AI-automated and expert-reviewed classifications for nine cell types. However, disease-specific quantification varied significantly by method, particularly for plasma cell and blast percentages. Inter-method discrepancies were pronounced in AML with NPM1 mutation and B-ALL with BCR::ABL1 fusion. Overall, BMIA-12 A provides robust classification for normal BM samples. Persistent inter-method differences highlight the need for further validation.

Stanslaus Terengia Materu

Abstract Context The System of Rice Intensification (SRI) is a sustainable rice cultivation method designed to enhance productivity while minimizing resource inputs. It addresses global food security and environmental challenges by improving yield, reducing water use, and mitigating greenhouse gas emissions, particularly in resource-constrained agricultural systems. Objective This review aims to evaluate the core principles of SRI, their impacts on rice yield, resource efficiency, and environmental sustainability, and to identify barriers to adoption and potential solutions for scaling up its implementation. Methods The review synthesizes findings from studies across diverse regions, including Bangladesh, India, Myanmar, Benin, Kenya, and Tanzania. It examines SRI’s core practices—transplanting young seedlings (8–12 days old), wider plant spacing (20 × 20 cm or 25 × 25 cm), alternate wetting and drying (AWD) irrigation, and organic nutrient management—and their effects on yield, water use, soil health, and greenhouse gas emissions. Challenges to adoption and labor-saving technologies are also analyzed. Results SRI has achieved yield increases of 10–114% compared to conventional methods, with water savings of 40–74% due to AWD irrigation. Methane emissions are reduced by up to 70%, while enhanced soil microbial activity and improved root development increase plant vigor and resilience to drought and pests. However, adoption is hindered by labor-intensive practices, knowledge gaps, and limited access to training and irrigation infrastructure. Mechanization, such as drum seeders and mechanical weeders, can reduce labor by up to 97% and 28.3%, respectively, but access remains limited. Conclusions SRI offers significant potential for sustainable rice production by improving yield, resource efficiency, and environmental outcomes. However, its scalability is constrained by labor demands and knowledge barriers. Mechanization and enhanced extension services are critical to overcoming these challenges. Significance SRI provides a pathway to address food security and environmental sustainability, particularly for resource-poor farmers. Future research should focus on optimizing SRI for diverse agro-ecological conditions, developing affordable labor-saving technologies, and strengthening policy support to enhance adoption and long-term impacts on soil health, carbon sequestration, and nutritional outcomes. Graphical Abstract

Li Zeqing, Chen Long, Wu Jialin et al.

Current two-dimensional (2D) cell models for effective drug screening suffer from significant limitations imposed by the lack of realism in the physiological environment. Three-dimensional (3D) organoids models hold immense potential in mimicking the key functions of human organs by overcoming the limitations of traditional 2D cell models. However, current techniques for preparation of 3D organoids models had limitations in reproducibility, scalability, and the ability to closely replicate the complex microenvironment found in vivo. Additionally, traditional 3D cell culture systems often involve lengthy and labor-intensive processes that hinder high-throughput applications necessary for a large-scale drug screening. Advancements in 3D bioprinting technologies offer promising solutions to these challenges by enabling precise spatial control over cell placement and material composition, thereby facilitating the creation of more physiologically relevant organoids than current techniques. This review provides a comprehensive summary of recent advances in 3D bioprinting technologies for creating organoids models, which begins with an introduction to different types of 3D bioprinting techniques (especially focus on volumetric bioprinting (VBP) technique), followed by an overview of bioinks utilized for organoids bioprinting. Moreover, we also introduce the applications of 3D bioprinting organoids in disease models, drug efficiency evaluation and regenerative medicine. Finally, the challenges and possible strategies for the development and clinical translation of 3D bioprinting organoids are concluded.

P.A. Lyakhov, U.A. Lyakhova, R.I. Abdulkadirov

The main problem of using standard optimization methods is the need to change all parameters in same-size steps, regardless of the behavior of the gradient. A more efficient way to optimize a neural network is to set adaptive step sizes for each parameter. Standard methods are based on the square roots of exponential estimates of the moments of the squares of past gradients and do not use the local variation in gradients. The paper presents methods of adaptive non-convex and belief-based optimization with a positive-negative estimate of the moments with the corresponding theoretical guarantees of convergence. These approaches allow the loss function to more accurately converge in the neighborhood of the global minimum in a smaller number of iterations. The utilization of transformed positive-negative moment estimates and an additional parameter that controls the step size allows one to avoid local extremes for achieving higher performance, compared to similar methods. The introduction of the developed algorithms into the learning process of various architectures of multimodal neural network systems for analyzing heterogeneous data has made it possible to increase the accuracy of recognizing pigmented skin lesions by 2.33 – 5.69 percentage points, compared to the original optimization methods. Multimodal neural network systems for analyzing heterogeneous dermatological data, using the proposed optimization algorithms, can be applied as a tool for auxiliary medical diagnostics, which will reduce the consumption of financial and labor resources involved in the medical industry, as well as increase the chance of early detection of pigmentary oncopathologies.

Bogdan Sowa

Research objectives and hypothesis/research questions The article formulates a research problem: How can a citizen strengthen the security of the Republic of Poland, and what are the tasks and condition of the soldiers of the Polish Armed Forces? The aim of the research is to diagnose the role of the citizen and the tasks of the Polish Armed Forces in the context of strengthening the security of the Republic of Poland, and to analyze the number of Polish Armed Forces in dynamic terms. A research hypothesis was put forward: it is assumed that the most important role of a citizen in the context of state security is the duty to defend the homeland, including a continuous review of the implementation by citizens of tasks for the benefit of the state defense system, which is guaranteed by the Polish Armed Forces, and their number of soldiers, which especially since 2022, has been showing an upward trend. Research methods The study uses research methods as follows: analysis, inference, and abstraction. Main results The study assessment is a statement that from 2022 to 2024, more than 200 thousand people are used, of which 80-95% are required. From 2022 (113,580) to 2025, the unit of the Polish Armed Forces, which received up to 144,245 soldiers. It should be remembered that in 2025 there will be approximately 44,000 additional soldiers within the TSW. Implications for theory and practice Every citizen has an impact on the development of the state and strengthening its security, and civil society is the basis for the development of the state. In the security of the state, special attention should be paid to the fulfillment of duties by citizens towards the state. The tasks of citizens concern military defense issues as well as general defense. The tasks carried out by the Armed Forces of the Republic of Poland are aimed at maintaining readiness to carry out missions related to guaranteeing the defense of the state and opposing aggression, supporting internal security and social assistance.

Guogui Huang, Fei Guo, Lihua Liu et al.

Background: The World Health Organization declared COVID-19 no longer a global health emergency on 5th May 2023; however, the impact of COVID-19 on life expectancy throughout the pandemic period is not clear. This study aimed to quantify and decompose the changes in life expectancy during 2019–2023 and corresponding age and gender disparities in 27 countries. Methods: Data were sourced from the Human Mortality Database, the World Population Prospects 2022 and the United Kingdom's Office for National Statistics. Life expectancy was estimated using the abridged life table method, while differentials of life expectancies were decomposed using the age-decomposition algorithm. Results: There was an overall reduction in life expectancy at age 5 among the 27 countries in 2020. Life expectancy rebounded in Western, Northern and Southern Europe in 2021 but further decreased in the United States, Chile and Eastern Europe in the same year. In 2022 and after, lost life expectancy years in the United States, Chile and Eastern Europe were slowly regained; however, as of 7th May 2023, life expectancy in 22 of the 27 countries had not fully recovered to its pre-pandemic level. The reduced life expectancy in 2020 was mainly driven by reduced life expectancy at age 65+, while that in subsequent years was mainly driven by reduced life expectancy at age 45–74. Women experienced a lower reduction in life expectancy at most ages but a greater reduction at age 85+. Conclusions: The pandemic has caused substantial short-term mortality variations during 2019–2023 in the 27 countries studied. Although most of the 27 countries experienced increased life expectancy after 2022, life expectancy in 22 countries still has not entirely regained its pre-pandemic level by May 2023. Threats of COVID-19 are more prominent for older adults and men, but special attention is needed for women aged 85+ years.

Alina Stozhok

The article highlights the relationship between social vulnerability and social mobility, with the latter serving as both a factor of vulnerability and a predictor of social risks, especially in the context of ongoing hostilities engendered by Russia's full-scale invasion. The study employed various methods, including induction, deduction, generalization, classification, analysis, comparison, data processing, and a systematic approach. The article examines the social vulnerability index across different geographical regions and emphasizes the importance of utilizing this index for the Ukraine recovering taking into account implications of Russia's invasion. The factors contributing to the increase in social vulnerability are analyzed, with significant attention given to the forced migration of the Ukrainian population, physical and mental trauma, labor market restructuring, and inequality in access to social services. The author advocates for the coordinated involvement of the state, businesses, and public institutions in the rehabilitation and integration of socially vulnerable individuals. This includes the accumulation of social and human capital, providing access to social protection systems, creating an inclusive environment, and developing programs for the return of Ukrainian war refugees. The activities of the State Employment Service to support veterans, combatants, and veterans with disabilities are also examined. The article reviews the involvement of Ukrainian companies in the professional integration of veterans by creating an inclusive environment and offering professional training opportunities. Key indicators of quality of life and happiness are analyzed to underscore the priority of implementing programs that strengthen integrity, good governance, and democracy, with consideration for human-centered and gender-responsive approaches. The article also substantiates the importance of initiatives and measures to enhance socio-economic sustainability and state recovery to achieve the goals of European integration. Finally, it is proved that under martial law, the social mobility of the working population exacerbates social vulnerability, thereby increasing the likelihood of social risks.

Seokho Kang, Yonggik Kim, Joonghee Han et al.

The decreasing rural population and migration to urban areas for high-tech opportunities have weakened the agricultural labor force. While data technology has been adopted in protected agriculture, numerous challenges remain in field agriculture. In this study, we focus on one of the fundamental steps of field operations, i.e., ridge forming, specifically in unmanned agriculture. We compared the performance of a conventional tractor with an implement to that of a ridge-forming robot. The operation data were collected using an acquisition system, and a comparison between the results of both methods was conducted. Additionally, we analyzed the linearity of autonomous driving and the expenses associated with the selected operation. Our findings indicate that the developed robot for ridge forming caused less torque damage and achieved a more accurate target soil depth, with a linearity performance showing a distance error of only 0.267 m. Furthermore, it eliminated the need for hiring an operator and significantly reduced fuel consumption, which accounts for 50.81% of the operational expenses. These results suggest that field operations can be effectively replaced by autonomous systems, and further research on unmanned agriculture is warranted.

Brett Glencross, Débora Machado Fracalossi, Katheline Hua et al.

Abstract Over the past 20 years, substantial progress has been made in improving feeds and feeding technologies for most aquaculture species. Notable improvements in feed conversion efficiency (through a better understanding of requirements and improved feed management) and ingredient sustainability (through increased capability to use a wider range of ingredients) have been achieved. While advances have been made in understanding the requirements of many of the main aquaculture species, there is still much to be done in defining requirements, especially for many of the species being farmed in the developing world. Gains in the efficiency of feeds are slowing for developed species, but potential gains are still appreciable for less developed species. There is a growing need to more precisely prescribe the required levels of essential nutrients and various additives in the diet based on age, genotype, environment, and immune status to deliver a “precision nutrition” approach to farming aquaculture species. There is still further need to diversify our ingredient options to provide greater resilience, as the sustainability of different feed ingredient sources, including possible climate change impacts, is becoming a growing issue. There is a growing demand for biocircularity in our feed ingredient supply chains. Ultimately, what is needed to sustain future feed ingredient needs are sustainable sources of cost‐effective protein, some essential amino acid additives, some omega‐3 fatty acid resources, and various minerals and vitamin additives. The increasing use of new and varied resources will ensure that food safety remains an important issue throughout the world. Feed manufacturing has evolved from a simplistic exercise to a highly complex science with state‐of‐the‐art engineering, but its application is not consistent across all sectors, as there is still widespread use of pelleting, mash, and trash fish feeding in the developing world. Similarly, feed management has also dichotomized between the developed and developing world, with a high reliance on manual skilled labor in the developing world, whereas more advanced aquaculture systems are becoming increasingly reliant on automated computer‐controlled feeding systems.

Zhi Lin, Zhi Lin, Jia-Lu Shi et al.

C-C motif ligand 2 (CCL2), also known as monocytic chemotactic protein 1 (MCP-1), is an integral chemotactic factor which recruits macrophages for the immune response. Together with its receptors (e.g., CCR2, ACKR1, and ACKR2), they exert noticeable influences on various diseases of different systems. At the maternal-fetal interface, CCL2 is detected to be expressed in trophoblasts, decidual tissue, the myometrium, and others. Meanwhile, existing reports have determined a series of physiological regulators of CCL2, which functions in maintaining normal recruitment of immunocytes, tissue remodeling, and angiogenesis. However, abnormal levels of CCL2 have also been reported to be associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes such as spontaneous abortion, preeclampsia and preterm labor. In this review, we concentrate on CCL2 expression at the maternal-fetal interface, as well as its precise regulatory mechanisms and classic signaling pathways, to reveal the multidimensional aspects of CCL2 in pregnancy.

Iris Arends, Sander KR van Zon, Ute Bültmann

Mental health problems in the workforce present a major public and occupational health challenge and come with significant costs for the individuals, families, employers and society at large. It has been estimated that, globally, the 12-month prevalence of common mental health problems – such as depressive disorders, anxiety disorders, and stress-related disorders – is on average 17.6%, with often serious implications for employment, productivity, and wages (2, 3). The recent OECD report “Fitter Minds, Fitter Jobs” showed that in 2018, across OECD countries, people with mental health problems have 20% lower employment rates, are almost three times more likely to be unemployed, and almost one and a half times more likely to receive disability benefits as those without these problems (2). These key figures barely differ from those presented in 2013 (2). During the past decades, research on the highly complex phenomenon of (return to) work participation of people with common mental health problems has come a long way: many barriers and facilitators to (return to) working have been identified and interventions have been developed and tested for people with common mental health problems to participate in work (eg, 4, 5). To illustrate, facilitating factors concern, for example, an individual’s active coping style (keep a daily rhythm, exercise, stay in contact with work), high self-efficacy, and a supportive family context and social network (5-8); while the severity of mental health problems or the existence of other health problems are known barriers (5). A safe organizational climate (such as openness about mental health) and good psychosocial working conditions, including support from supervisors and colleagues, having decision authority, and no high workload, have been identified as facilitating workplace factors (5, 7, 8). Also, health and social systems may act as a barrier or facilitator with, eg, waiting lists for mental health treatment or the availability of integrative mental health and occupational rehabilitation/employment services (7, 9). It comes as no surprise that Corbière et al (10) identified 11 different stakeholder groups from the work, health and insurance systems and close to 200 relevant stakeholder actions in the return-to-work process of workers with common mental health problems. Despite extensive progress and a large body of evidence on factors to facilitate the (return to) work participation of workers with common mental health problems (for systematic reviews and meta-analyses, covering more than two decades of research, see, eg, 5, 9, 11), we must acknowledge that meta-analyses of intervention studies to date only have shown small effect sizes for sick leave reduction (4, 12–14) and no substantial effects for improved return-to-work (13) or being at work (14) rates. So, how to move the research field forward? Although people with common mental health problems have lower employment rates, the majority (60% on average across OECD countries) is working (OECD 2021), but knowledge about maintaining and improving at-work participation among this group is lacking. We see a great need for a focus shift towards a deeper understanding of at-work participation of people with common mental health problems. In the following, we focus on two challenges and avenues to move forward: (i) measuring at-work outcomes and (ii) examining the complex, interdependent relationship between common mental health problems and at-work participation with more intense, longitudinal real-time designs and a life course lens. Challenges and avenues to support people with common mental health problems at work Challenge 1: Measurement of at-work outcomes The first challenge concerns the measurement of how people with common mental health problems participate or function at work and what their needs are to enter and stay at work. To better support workers with common mental health problems at work, it is critical to further deepen our understanding of the strategies, work accommodation needs and functioning of these workers. To illustrate, in a qualitative study among workers suffering from common mental health problems, Danielsson et al (15) explored “strategies to keep working”. The authors showed that workers` strategies differed depending on the illness phase; ie, more reactive strategies to avoid strain were used in early phases and more reflective, solution-focused strategies were used in later phases. This knowledge on phase-specific work strategies may be used to better inform and tailor supportive interventions and work accommodation to help workers to maintain working. De Groot et al (16) recently provided first insights about how young adults with a history of mental health problems function at work. It was shown that young adults with both persistent high and elevated levels of mental health problems during childhood and adolescence, compared with those with low-level mental health problems, experience difficulties in meeting their work demands for more than one day a week given a full-time work week at age 29. Moreover, Arends et al (17) showed that many workers who returned to work after being absent with common mental health problems still experience impaired work functioning for up to 12 months. This study also demonstrated that workers recover at a different pace and at a different level in terms of mental health and work functioning. These findings highlight the importance of focusing on at-work strategies and functioning to support workers with common mental health problems as we need to capture early signs of maladaptive strategies or reduced functioning that may inform work accommodations to prevent a further decline in functioning or even more severe consequences as sick leave or work disability. Accommodating work for workers with (common) mental health problems may be especially challenging, as opposed to other health conditions, given the strong stigma attached to mental ill-health (18, 19). As discussed by LaMontagne et al (20), an integrated intervention approach to workplace mental health, combining knowledge from various disciplines (eg, occupational medicine, psychiatry, public health, -positive- psychology) and focusing on both protecting and promoting mental health as well as addressing mental health problems is essential (20). To assess and monitor the abilities to accomplish the work role, it is vital to consider at-work outcomes, such as health-related work functioning, work limitations, work instability, and work capabilities (21–24). Ideally, such outcomes – existing or to be developed – are at the intersection of a persons’ health and work performance, reflect the ability and/or need of a person to meet the work demands given the available personal and/or environmental resources, and provide information for the content and timing of work accommodations. We strongly encourage future research to (further) rigorously test the measurement properties of existing and to be developed at-work measures, in particular the responsiveness to change, within the population of workers with common mental health problems. Challenge 2: Examination of the complex, interdependent relationship between common mental health problems and at-work participation: novel designs and a life course lens The second challenge concerns the need to better understand the complex, interdependent relationship between common mental health problems and at-work participation. To provide adequate and timely support for workers with common mental health problems at work, it is critical to further unravel the underlying mechanisms and (environmental) conditions of this complex, dynamic relationship, as different support policies and programs need to be in place at different time periods to address either common mental health problems or at-work participation. We would like to encourage future longitudinal studies to not shy away from complexity but to use approaches that capture the dynamics of both common mental health problems and at-work participation by, eg, repeatedly and more intensively assessing both concepts over time. Not new, but to be considered in occupational health research and practice, may be the use of intensive, longitudinal real-time designs, as recently applied in single-subject time-series studies in psychiatry, addressing psychopathology as a complex system (eg, 25, 26). For example, to detect personalized early warning signals preceding the occurrence of a major depressive symptom transition, Wichers et al (26) conducted six single-subject time-series studies over a 3–6-month period, prospectively collecting frequent observations of momentary affective states (reported up to three times a day) during a time period when participants were at increased risk of a depressive symptom transition (reported weekly). The results showed (and replicated) the presence of rising early warning signals a month before the symptom transition occurred. To improve personalized support of workers with common mental health problems at work, this type of information is highly needed. What makes the relationship between common mental health problems and at-work participation even more complex is the fact that a person’s mental health does not start when work begins; ie, what happens before a person enters the workforce affects both the health resources a person brings to work and the work opportunities (27). As most research so far measured common mental health problems during working adults’ life, and not across the life course, knowledge on the impact of early life mental health experiences on at-work participation in later life is almost absent. Again, the findings of de Groot et al (16) highlight the importance of adopting a life course perspective by considering the concept of ‘accumulation of health risk or health advantages’ when connecting early life mental health experiences with work functioning. A life course perspective may also help advance future studies on the dynamics between different life domains (7), eg, the interplay between work and private life, as it recognizes an individual’s life course as a multi-level developmental process shaped by the social context. A focus shift towards supporting workers with common mental health problems at work also requires all key stakeholders in the healthcare system, the legal/administrative system, the work system and the personal and family system to work together – which may be a challenge in itself. However, in view of more inclusive workplaces and labor markets, we need to take the next steps to enable, maintain and improve at-work participation of workers with common mental health problems. References 1. Steel Z, Marnane C, Iranpour C, Chey T, Jackson JW, Patel V, Silove D. The global prevalence of common mental disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis 1980-2013. Int J of Epidemiol 2014; 476-493. https://doi.org/10.1093/ije/dyu038 2. OECD. Fitter Minds, Fitter Jobs: From awareness to change in integrated mental health, skills and work policies. Paris: OECD Publishing, 2021. https://doi.org/10.1787/a0815d0f-en 3. Campbell D, Green MJ, Davies N, Demou E, Howe LD, Harrison S, et al. Effects of depression on employment and social outcomes: a Mendelian randomization study. J Epidemiol Community Health 2022;76:563-71. https://doi.org/10.1136/jech-2021-218074 4. Salomonsson S, Hedman-Lagerlöf E, Öst LG. Sickness absence: a systematic review and meta-analysis of psychological treatments for individuals on sick leave due to common mental disorders. Psychol Med 2018;48:1954-1965. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291718000065 5. van Hees SGM, Carlier BE, Vossen E, Blonk RWB, Oomens S. Towards a better understanding of work participation among employees with common mental health problems: a systematic realist review. Scand J Work Environ Health 2022 Apr 1;48(3):173-189. https://doi.org/10.5271/sjweh.4005 6. Black O, Keegel T, Sim MR, Collie A, Smith P. The effect of self-efficacy on return-to-work outcomes for workers with psychological or upper-body musculoskeletal injuries: A review of the literature. J Occup Rehabil 2018;28:16-27. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10926-017-9697-y 7. Nielsen K, Yarker J, Munir F, Bültmann U. IGLOO: An integrated framework for sustainable return to work in workers with common mental disorders. Work Stress 2018;32(4):400-417. https://doi.org/10.1080/02678373.2018.1438536 8. Joosen MCW, Lugtenberg M, Arends I, van Gestel HJAWM, Schaapveld B, Terluin B, et al. Barriers and facilitators for return to work from the perspective of workers with common mental disorders with short, medium and long term sickness absence: A longitudinal qualitative study. J Occup Rehabil 2021; Sep 27. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10926-021-10004-9 9. Andersen MF, Nielsen KM, Brinkmann S. Meta-synthesis of qualitative research on return to work among employees with common mental disorders. Scand J Work Environ Health 2012;38(2):93-104. https://doi.org/10.5271/sjweh.3257 10. Corbière M, Mazaniello Chézol M, Bastien M, Wathieu E, Bouchard R, et al. Stakeholders’ role and actions in the return to work process of workers on sick leave due to common mental disorders: A scoping review. J Occup Rehab 2020;30:381-419. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10926-019-09861-2 11. Lagerveld SE, Bültmann U, Franche RL, Van Dijk FJH, Vlasveld C, Van Der Feltz-Cornelis CM, et al. Factors associated with work participation and work functioning in depressed workers: a systematic review. J Occup Rehabil 2010;20:275-92. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10926-021-09978-3 12. Joyce S, Modini M, Christensen H, Mykletun A, Bryant R, Mitchell PB, et al. Workplace interventions for common mental disorders: a systematic meta-review. Psychol Med 2016;46(4):683-697. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291715002408 13. Nigatu YT, Liu Y, Uppal M, McKinney S, Rao S, Gillis K, et al. Interventions for enhancing return to work in individuals with a common mental illness: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Psychol Med 2016;46:3263-3274. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291716002269 14. Nieuwenhuijsen K, Verbeek JH, Neumeyer-Gromen A, Verhoeven AC, Bültmann U, Faber B. Interventions to improve return to work in depressed people. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2020;(10). Art. No.: CD006237. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD006237.pub4 15. Danielsson L, Elf M, Hensing G. Strategies to keep working among workers with common mental disorders - a grounded theory study. Disabil Rehabil 2019;41(7):786-795. https://doi.org/10.1080/09638288.2017.1408711  16. de Groot S, Veldman K, Amick BC 3rd, Bültmann U. Work functioning among young adults: the role of mental health problems from childhood to young adulthood. Occup Environ Med 2022;79(4):217-223. https://doi.org/10.1136/oemed-2021-107819 17. Arends I, Almansa J, Stansfeld SA, Amick BC 3rd, van der Klink JJL, Bültmann U.One-year trajectories of mental health and work outcomes post return to work in patients with common mental disorders. J Affect Disord 2019;257:263-270. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2019.07.018 18. Henderson C, Evans-Lacko S, Thornicroft G. Mental illness stigma, help seeking, and public health programs. Am J Public Health 2013;103(5):777-80. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2012.301056 19. Janssens KME, van Weeghel J, Dewa C, Henderson C, Mathijssen JJP, Joosen MCW, et al. Line managers’ hiring intentions regarding people with mental health problems: a cross-sectional study on workplace stigma. Occup Environ Med 2021;78(8):593-599. https://doi.org/10.1136/oemed-2020-106955 20. LaMontagne AD, Martin A, Page KM, Reavley NJ, Noblet AJ, Milner AJ, et al. Workplace mental health: developing an integrated intervention approach. BMC Psychiatry 2014 May;14:131. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-244X-14-131 21. Abma FI, Brouwer S, de Vries HJ, Arends I, Robroek SJW, Cuijpers MPJ, et al. The capability set for work: development and validation of a new questionnaire. Scand J Work Environ Health 2016;42(1):34-42. https://doi.org/10.5271/sjweh.3532 22. Walker TJ, Tullar JM, Diamond PM, Kohl HW 3rd, Amick BC 3rd. Validity and reliability of the 8-item work limitations questionnaire. J Occup Rehabil 2017;27(4):576-583. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10926-016-9687-5 23. Abma F, Bjorner JB, Amick BC 3rd, Bültmann U. Two valid and reliable work role functioning questionnaire short versions were developed: WRFQ 5 and WRFQ 10. J Clin Epidemiol 2019;105:101-111. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclinepi.2018.09.00 24. Danielsson L, Fornazar R, Holmgren K, Lundgren Nilsson Å, Hensing G. Development and construct validity of the Work Instability Scale for people with common mental sisorders in a sample of depressed and anxious workers: A Rasch analysis. Rehabil Process Outcome 2020;14;9:1179572720936664. https://doi.org/10.1177/1179572720936664 25. Wichers M, Groot PC, Psychosystems, ESM Group, EWS Group. Critical slowing down as a personalized early warning signal for depression. Psychother and Psychosom 2016;85(2):114-116. https://doi.org/10.1159/000441458 26. Wichers M, Smit AC, Snippe E. Early warning signals based on momentary affect dynamics can expose nearby transitions in depression: A confirmatory single-subject time-series study. J Pers Oriented Res 2020;6(1):1-15. https://doi.org/10.17505/jpor.2020.22042 27. Amick BC 3rd, McLeod CB, Bültmann U. Labor markets and health: an integrated life course perspective. Scand J Work Environ Health 2016;42:346-53. https://doi.org/10.5271/sjweh.3567

O. Y. Ponomareva , O. U. Nikitina

This paper provides an overview of modern theoretical and practical approaches to the systems of motivation and stimulation of the work of the personnel. The main focus is on the works of Russian researchers within the last decade. The relevance of this study is due to the lack of such reviews in scientific sources, as well as the possible comparison of the achievements of theory and practice in order to create an effective system of staff labor motivation. The purpose of this study is to analyze modern approaches in theory and practice to the content of labor motivation and incentive systems, the mechanism of labor motivation and the selection of the most effective “tools for tuning” the system of labor motivation and incentives. The research methods used in this study include analysis, systematization and generalization of the published approaches of researchers and practitioners, including copyright research, for the period from 2012 to 2020, presented in academic journals and monographic sources. The results of the study were systematized by the authors in three areas of analysis: models and systems of motivation and incentives for personnel and the composition of their elements; approaches to studying mechanisms of motivation and stimulation of labor, guiding the labor behavior of employees; experience of a differentiated approach to managing labor motivation. Systematization and generalization of the approaches made it possible to single out the “tuning tools” of the system of motivation and stimulation of labor and to define the concept. Moreover, it helped to compile the list of such tools, including: monitoring the need-motivational sphere and job satisfaction, studying the dynamics of the employee’s motivational profiles for making and changing management decisions; application of a flexible incentive system, taking into account the differentiation of incentives by gender, age, length of service, job positions of personnel in the company; providing an employee with a choice of a compensation package from the enterprise’s cafeteria. These customization tools guide managers towards a targeted approach to personnel, combining the efforts of management at different levels to align labor motivation with the strategic goals of the company. The authors argue that a timely use and alternation of the tools for setting up and tuning the labor motivation system, focusing on the urgent needs of personnel, allows to change the company’s motivational strategy creating sustainable competitive advantages which are necessary in modern economic realities.

Valentina Aniballi

The essay reflects on the impact that offensive communications addressed at trade union, through social networks, can have on the dynamics of industrial relations. Particular attention is given to the behaviors put in place by the employer and aimed at favoring a specific trade union or a specific “group” of workers.

Cong Chen, Xueting Zeng, Guohe Huang et al.

Motor vehicles have been identified as a growing contributor to air pollution, such that analyzing the traffic policies on energy and environment systems (EES) has become a main concern for governments. This study developed a dual robust stochastic fuzzy optimization - energy and environmental systems (DRSFO-EES) model for sustainable planning EES, while considering the traffic sector through integrating two-stage stochastic programming, robust two-stage stochastic optimization, fuzzy possibilistic programming, and robust fuzzy possibilistic programming methods into a framework, which can be used to effectively tackle fuzzy and stochastic uncertainties as well as their combinations, capture the associated risks from fuzzy and stochastic uncertainties, and thoroughly analyze the trade-offs between system costs and reliability. The proposed model can: (i) generate robust optimized solutions for energy allocation, coking processing, oil refining, heat processing, electricity generation, electricity power expansion, electricity importation, energy production, as well as emission mitigation under multiple uncertainties; (ii) explore the impacts of different vehicle policies on vehicular emission mitigation; (iii) identify the study of regional atmospheric pollution contributions of different energy activities. The proposed DRSFO-EES model was applied to the EES of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei (BTH) region in China. Results generated from the proposed model disclose that: (i) limitation of the number of light-duty passenger vehicles and heavy-duty trucks can effectively reduce vehicular emissions; (ii) an electric cars’ policy is enhanced by increasing the ratio of its power generated from renewable sources; and (iii) the air-pollutant emissions in the BTH region are expected to peak around 2030, because the energy mix of the study region would be transformed from one dominated by coal to one with a cleaner pattern. The DRSFO-EES model can not only provide scientific support for the sustainable managing of EES by cost-effective ways, but also analyze the desired policies for mitigating pollutant emissions impacts with a risk adverse attitude under multiple uncertainties.

Francesco Di Noia

The essay focuses on the significant role played by new technologies in the trade union representation of immigrant workers in the agricultural sector. Without underestimating the risks associated with the use of social media in contexts where workers are isolated and socially marginalized, it proposes to rethink the Web as a space for social aggregation and the reconstruction of those community bonds of solidarity that are indispensable for the formation of class consciousness.

I. V. Rubtsov, O. G. Rusanova, Z. A. Godzhaev

The article presents the main results of the analysis of the agriculture automation level in Russia and in the world. The results of the research of the foreign market, structures and compositions of foreign-made unmanned mobile energy vehicles are presented. The main direction of development of foreign companies is the creation of new models of navigation and orientation equipment for agricultural machinery aimed to the implementation of autonomous moving and mission equipment control. Technics automatization is possible due to refitting of already existing samples with specialized attachments. According to this analysis, foreign agricultural machinery is far ahead of domestic manufacturers for the production of crew-unmanned facilities of mechanization for the agricultural sector, and the material intensity of the existing agricultural production in Russia is 3-4 times higher than that of foreign countries. The need for this kind of analysis is explained by the result of a comparison labor productivity: this index in Russia's agriculture is by 2.4 times lower than European one and 3.5 times lower than that of the USA. The Russian agriculture development retard can be eliminate through the use of modern achievements in the field of robotic systems for special purposes. The authors proved the possibility of double use of technologies because of similarity of schemes and structure of robotic systems for the solution of specialized tasks of both directions. The unmanned mobile energy vehicles can be used at sequential and parallel autonomous driving.

Katarzyna KRECZMAŃSKA-GIGOL

The aim of soft debt collection is to recover debts without enforcement of the law against the debtor. One way to improve the efficiency of debt collection is the proper organization of the soft debt collection process. The paper presents the results of research on efficiency of the soft debt collection in the organization of debt collection process in various non-financial enterprises, debt collection companies and financial institutions. Significant statistical differences were observed in the placement of the soft debt collection process in the organizational structure depending on the type of surveyed entities, as well as differences among people involved in the process of debt collection, both managers and regular employees engaged in the soft debt collection process.

Wioleta DRYL, Tomasz DRYL

Luxury is a concept arousing intense discussions among representatives of many sciences. The ambiguity and relativity of this concept affect the perception of the luxurious nature of the product, and consequently the characteristics of the brand. For practitioners acting in this area, it seems impor­tant to know the key factors influencing the perception of the luxury brand's character. This knowledge is in fact essential to develop an effective marketing strategy. This article aims to analyze the attributes relevant to the science and practices that determine the nature of the luxury brand.

A. Marx, J. Wouters

J. Bernard