ABSTRACT While our relationships with eating and drinking are thought to have undergone a period of disenchantment during industrialisation, some sociologists suggest a re-enchantment is taking hold. This paper explores the reflexive affectivity of wilderness on food and beverage marketing in consideration of persistent cultural tensions such as planetary decline, risk, freedom, and time pressures. Using social practice theories and semiotics, we examined significations of wilderness within a combined dataset of children’s snack and alcohol product labels (n = 78). We describe icons and symbols used to portray wilderness, then apply sociological theories to explore the affective commodities these ‘wild things’ might enable. We suggest wilderness can open reflexive navigation of three affective tensions: (1) domesticated/untamed; (2) romantic/colonial; and (3) nostalgic/convenient. Empirically applying semiotics supported explorations of shared meanings within practices involving eating and drinking. Findings show how reflexive negotiation of affective tensions is shaped by commercial power and sociopolitical conditions within social practices. We suggest meanings of wilderness might sustain specific affects within various social practices, particularly those that balance cultural constructions of responsibility and freedom with the vexed nature of affective resistance to industrial food systems while still being inside them.
The purpose of the study is to reveal the reasons that have prevented the sustainable demographic development of the country, and the extension of the current policy leads to a decrease in the population, and to offer an option, in case of successful implementation, to recommend for other regions. The total fertility rate for the future until 2036 does not bring to the level of simple reproduction, and the population will continue to decline. The continuation of the trend is a real threat to national security, and the shortage of labor resources hinders the development of the country's economic potential. Among the reasons are an inadequate assessment of the demographic situation, the wrong choice of priorities, and a limited set of tools for influencing the demographic behavior of the population. The object of this research is the demographic policy pursued in Russia since 2007. The subject of the analysis is the documents that determine the content of this policy, as well as the conceptual approaches underlying it. An alternative position (2005) is considered: the demographic situation of the 90s is close to disaster, and a program of decisive action is needed. The article discusses the main directions of the new demographic policy, the basis of which is the worldview position based on the laws of socio-economic development. Success will be determined by the transition from the setting of "saving" the population to its increase; recognition of the state as the main beneficiary of population growth; the consolidation by law of a provision recognizing the work of a woman in raising her children as socially useful; understanding of housing as an effective lever of demographic policy; transition to a new level of industrial development of the country, with a high level of income of the employed; changes in the spatial organization of the population's life, focused on creating conditions for population reproduction; With the understanding of migration not only as a way to overcome the shortage of labor resources, but also as a source of growth in demographic potential, the conditions for expanded reproduction. The information base of the study was publicly available statistical data from the Federal State Statistics Service (Rosstat), as well as data from published materials in various publications.
As the level of ambition was increased, in July 2025, the European Commission set out a new binding greenhouse gas (GHG) reduction objective of - 90% by 2040 with respect to 1990, and it became an intermediate step on the road to climate neutrality by 2050 (European Commission, 2025). The paper is a critical evaluation of the effectiveness of this target and involves the engagement of the architecture of EU climate governance, the European Climate Law, the Fit for 55 package, the ETS, CBAM, the RE-Power-EU, and the Clean Industrial Deal and the implementation barriers: (1) economic competitiveness, (2) a political positioning difference among the member states, and (3) the pressure on simplification of regulations. The study provides qualitative research design influenced by the Comparative Public Policy Theory and Governance Theory to examine policy documents, reports of the interested stakeholders, literature reviews, and case-related information. Findings reveal the imbalance between aspiration and achievement like the poor enforcement mechanisms, lack of equality in compliance with the absence of sufficient incentives to go out of the ETS to reduce emissions. It is advisable that the enforcement be tightened, the burden sharing systems are strengthened as well as expanding the just transition plans. The paper adds new literature to the EU climate management by providing a systematic evaluation of the fidelity of the implementation and implementable policies to enhance. EU climate goal, emissions cuts in 2040, policy to be implemented, fit for 55, CBAM, and ETS, climate governance and the relative public policy. The governments have responded by coming up with worldwide agreements such as Paris (2015) agreement in which projections by governments include rising the temperature long-term too well below 2o C with 1.5o C being an ambitious focus. The need to tackle climate change has become ever more pressing over the last few decades as the global temperature rise, severe weather phenomena, and biodiversity losses have become a threat to both ecosystems and human communities alike. This ambition is relevant because it bridges the step between interim 2030 goals and long-term 2050 net-zero emissions goal. With these international obligations, the European Union (EU) has developed to be a leader in environmental governance by gaining both political and economic power to establish thorough climate policies in the region. The EU has been a climate leader since the commitments in the Kyoto Protocol starting in the 1980s, and the establishment of the 2020 Climate and Energy Package, the 2030 Climate Target Plan and a mandate of becoming climate neutral by 2050 with adoption of the European Green Deal (2019). It is on this backdrop that the 2040 Climate Target is considered to be a very significant milestone towards the EU staying on its path to achieve its long-term goals. The Climate Target 2040, a proposal of having a net decrease of 90 percent greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, in comparison with 1990 levels, was developed within the wider policy of the EU moving to strengthen its climate promises. This bilateral consideration of the environment as well as economic competitiveness brings out the character color of transformational nature of the 2040 goal. This proactive approach adopted by the EU is justified by the fact that the problem of inaction or insufficient action will not only multiply environmental hazards but will also augment economic costs and social unsteadiness going forward. In addition, the EU sees its climate policy as an opportunity to be an innovative force, generate green jobs, and lead in global green economy. Nevertheless, despite the fact that the EU has a bold vision, it is also experiencing severe problems in implementation. Not only are the EU climate structures proving to be resistant under these external forces, the latter also justifies the provision of adaptive and flexible mechanisms of policy structure. The member states have extensive variation in economic capacity, energy appetite/dependence, industrial makeup, and political will which makes consistency hard to achieve. An example of this would be the countries reliant on coal power that could be wary of strict decarbonization efforts based on possible social economic disruptions, and other countries more advanced in renewable energy might be more receptive. Further, the shift to climate neutrality is associated with profound systemic transformation, such as energy transition, transport electrification, sustainable farming, and substantial investment in the carbon capture and storage technology. The disparate rate at which these changes take place is hazardous since it may impose tensions between the member states, which may compromise the overall effort. The external forces, which impacted the EU climate policy implementation, are also acknowledged in the background of this study. The geopolitical crisis situations, including the one in Russia Ukraine, demonstrated how fragile the energy security of the EU is, and the discussion of a trade-off between urgent energy requirements and long-term decarbonization intentions wobbled. Equally, world economic cycles, trade conflicts and rivalry with other countries, not included in the EU, and less strict climate politics also complicate the climate policy of the EU. Meanwhile, programs such as the Just Transition Mechanism were implemented to address these problems; however, their actual efficiency still rests on the ability to be implemented successfully and funded accordingly. Also, efficiency in the EU climate policies is strongly linked to social equity and acceptance with regard to the atmosphere. The shift towards the low-carbon economy cannot but bring about certain expenses: the increase in the cost of energy, the structural transformation of the labor markets, and re-educational expenses of the workers engaged in the operations associated with fossil fuels. Consequently, the EU has to guarantee that climate policies are formulated to be participatory and equitable, eliminate disparities and popularize them. The target is in a maze of awkward inter-dependency of policy regimes, technological change, socio-economic conditions and global politics. Overall, the background of the current study demonstrates that the EU has a 2040 Climate Target both as a demonstration of its high level of ambition with regards to climate change and as an experiment to test its governing capacity. The target is more than a quantitative milestone between the current and bigger EU goal of the climate-neutral continent. The EU has a history of championing environmental policy development and its ability to turn its broad ambitions into real, implementable and measurable initiatives will determine whether its 2040 goal can actually be achieved. As such, this research needs to be read as a place between policy analysis and implementation appraisal where this research paper attempts to understand how realistic the EU Climate Target in 2040 is or just a path that is aspirational.
A great deal of the literature has underlined how job quality is a key element in individual well‐being. However, the rise in platform work challenges this issue, since not only do “plat‐firms” play an increasingly important role in job matching, work organization, and industrial relations, but they also increase the risks of a poorly inclusive socio‐technical system in terms of the quality of working conditions and accessibility. In this sense, the platform economy is intertwined with multiple forms of social exclusion by acting on pre‐existing inequalities that stratify workers within the labor market. This is particularly true in Italy, a country with a strongly dualistic labor market, which leads to a remarkable gap between insider and outsider workers. Therefore, the goal of our analysis is to evaluate the impact of the platform model on job quality in the Italian context. This will be accomplished by adopting an integrated and multidimensional perspective through the application of the OECD Job Quality Framework. The analysis identifies how job quality is differently affected by the type of platform work involved in terms of creating differentiated patterns of social inclusion/exclusion in the case of platform workers.
The article is devoted to the study of existing and development of new approaches to the study of the impact of entrepreneurial risks on the sustainable development of an industrial enterprise. It has been proven that the problems of sustainable development not only create real conditions for the emergence of entrepreneurial risks, but they also open up new opportunities for enterprises. A methodological toolkit was created for self-assessment of the level of maturity of the concept of sustainable development developed and implemented at the enterprise, using the provisions of effective monitoring of the level of entrepreneurial risk in five directions, which include management, environment, labor relations, social relations and business environment. It is substantiated that sustainable development is a prediction of possible future challenges of society, that is why knowledge about it should be brought to a wide audience, because action is possible when societies have the right knowledge. The results of a sociological survey of stakeholders of industrial and energy enterprises regarding their relationship to the concept of sustainable development and their contribution to the development of this direction are outlined. It has been determined that organizations of all types and sizes face both internal and external factors and influences that create uncertainty about when and how they will achieve their goals. The impact of this uncertainty on the organization's goals is called "risk," as stated in the relevant documents. The methodology of the continuous process of managing business risks at an industrial enterprise is proposed, its structure and relationships between its individual components are developed and substantiated. It has been proven that the system of business risk management with indicators acts as an important tool for obtaining the necessary commercial information necessary for the effective functioning of the organizational and economic mechanism of business structures.
The article is devoted to the theoretical justification of the leading role of higher education as an environment for the formation of the human potential of the territories. The importance of human resources for the development of complex socio-economic systems in the conditions of post-industrial transformations of society is defined. The relationship between human potential and economic growth and social stability of territories is characterized. The socio-humanitarian and socio-economic goals of higher education are discovered, the importance of this system for the personal and professional growth of the population and its social mobility is emphasized. The influence of the higher education system on the formation of key structural elements of human potential: innovative, intellectual, labor, cultural and reproductive is determined. It was proven that the genesis, preservation, and development of all elements of the human potential of the territory directly depend on the effectiveness of the functioning of the higher education system. It was established that regions where there is an opportunity to obtain high-quality higher education systematically attract talented youth and accumulate human potential more efficiently. The main challenges (both traditional for this field and those caused by the war) faced by the Ukrainian higher school today as an environment for the formation of the human potential of the territories are outlined. It was noted that the Industry 4.0 will be a basis of the post-war reconstruction of Ukraine with its inherent reliance on high-tech sectors of the economy, for which human potential with appropriate qualimetric characteristics will be necessary. A set of priority directions for the development of the higher education system as an environment for the formation of human potential is proposed. Conclusions were made regarding the importance of systematic and consistent development of higher education as a prerequisite for ensuring the effective formation of the human potential of the territories.
This theoretical paper examines how Nigerian governments (Military and Democratic) over the years, have intervened in industrial relations through the promulgation of various labor decrees/laws since the inception of trade unionism in Nigeria. Relying on secondary materials, the paper takes a look at the various labor policies/enactments, the philosophy behind their promulgation, and also the effects on the Nigerian industrial relations set-up. Focusing on the major provisions of the 2005 labor policy, and using the pluralist and conflict perspectives and trade unions in two vital sectors of the economy, (Education and Health) as case studies, the paper argues that the current labor policy is an attempt to destabilize and weaken trade unions and that the current pattern in Nigeria’s industrial relations can be seen in the context of systemic tension and contradiction, a situation which arises as a result of the survival strategists adopted by all stakeholders in the industrial relations context and system. The paper concludes that as a partner in the tripartite relationship, trade unions have important roles to play in the management of the economy, and the Nigerian government should adopt a sustainable tripartism that would benefit from the practice of an ideology of social engagement and open willingness for others to share in its responsibility.
The relevance of the chosen direction of research is due to the constant interest of the scientific legal community in various aspects of the legitimization of power in various historical periods. The problem of legal forms of the exercise of power allows us to single out one of these aspects, which is associated with the motives for social transformations in transitional periods of the socio-economic development of society. The October Revolution led to a change in the socio-economic system, and the stability of Soviet power was determined not only by the support of the masses, but also by the state of the economy. However, many industrial enterprises, due to the actions of the owners, were under the threat of cessation of production or closure. The purpose is to show what reasons and legal grounds led to the adoption of acts of confiscation and nationalization of enterprises in post-revolutionary Russia. Methods - historical-legal, concrete-historical, legal logic, inductive-deductive analysis. Based on scientific research and archival sources, some of which are introduced into scientific circulation for the first time, it is assumed that the socio-political activity of labor collectives at many enterprises manifested itself in appeals to authorities, which gave sociological reasons for the adoption of decrees and resolutions on the confiscation of enterprises and accelerating the process of nationalization of industry. In addition to them, ideological, political and situational (associated with the alienation of local property without the sanctions of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee and the Council of People's Commissars) reasons stand out. The legal grounds for the adoption of such acts are constitutional, legislative acts, including the regulation on worker control, and protocol decisions of authorized bodies.
At the fin de siècle the Industrial Revolution created egregious physical, emotional and spiritual conditions for American society and especially for the worker but who would come forward to alleviate those conditions? Protestants implemented their Social Gospel Movement as a proposed cure to these problems. Secular Progressives engaged in a more activist role both materially and through legislation. Both of these groups had limited successes with disappointing outcomes. America’s Catholics, more accustomed to living and working in industrialized neighborhoods, eventually developed their own programs and agenda to address social and labor concerns. However some scholars believed that Catholic efforts merely replicated what others had achieved. It was the actions of America’s Catholics in answer to these issues that propelled them onto the national scene with a sense of purpose, inclusion and equality. This paper examines each group to ascertain their programs, relevant accomplishments and demonstrate how resolutions to solve social and labor problems proceeded yet stagnated for some. For America’s Catholics their agenda for social reconstruction empowered them to assert themselves as equals with a long lasting viable program of future corrective action.
Modern development of industrial enterprises can be achieved through the efficient use of its staff. This necessitates the marketing orientation of personnel management. The current stage of scientific and technological development, development of new technologies, radical economic reforms have led to a change in functions, methods and approaches to personnel management in general and the allocation of a new direction in this area – personnel marketing. Today, personnel marketing is the most important component of the personnel management system of the enterprise and allows to solve a number of urgent problems, thanks to which the enterprise is able to increase the efficiency of its work as a whole, ensure a high level of social cohesion and efficiency. The purpose of the article is to substantiate the basic principles of personnel marketing at the enterprise. The article substantiates the need for the formation of personnel marketing at domestic enterprises in modern conditions. The analysis of existing problems in personnel management at Krasyliv Aggregate Plant was carried out. The motives for dismissal of employees at the enterprise by means of questionnaires are analyzed. According to the results of the research, measures are proposed for the consolidation of employees in the enterprise, social planning, optimization of the qualitative and quantitative composition of staff, management of conditions and labor protection. Considerable attention should be paid to social planning, which includes the organization and implementation of measures provided for in social development plans of enterprises. An important area of work is to strengthen labor discipline and the formation of stable labor collectives on the basis of reducing working hours, staff turnover and improving working conditions, living conditions and leisure of employees.
The article addresses the issue of transforming preferences and motives for choosing a place of work under the influence of global world trends. Factors that encourage labor in modern conditions, as well as socially significant factors of managerial influence on increase of labor efficiency are identified and ranked. Leading theories of motivation are considered: the scientific school of Frank Gilbreth and Winslow Taylor; The School of Human Relations founded by Elton Mayo; Frederick Hercberg 's theory of "work enrichment." Factors on which the efficiency of management impact realization depends, as well as forms and types of management impact are given. The results of the study of the factors of labor efficiency of A.G. Zdravomyslov (1960s) and the results of the present research of the author of the article are compared. The article examines the factors that encourage a modern person to work, and defines the impact of the management style of a manager on the work efficiency of employees. The hypothesis that if other conditions of employees' work are unchanged, the change in the management style of the manager leads to significant changes in the employee 's labor efficiency has been confirmed. The results of the study conducted by the author of the article on motives to work in modern conditions, as well as the results of the survey, interviews and sociological experiment are given.
In this paper we examine the influence of unemployment on property crimes and on violent crimes in France for the period 1990 to 2000. This analysis is the first extensive study for this country. We construct a regional-level data set (for the 95 departements of metropolitan France) with measures of crimes as reported to the Ministry of Interior. To assess social conditions prevailing in the departement in that year, we construct measures of the unemployment rate as well as other social, economic and demographic variables using multiple waves of the French Labor Survey. We estimate a classic Becker type model in which unemployment is a measure of how potential criminals fare in the legitimate job market. First, our estimates show that in the cross-section dimension, crime and unemployment are positively associated. Second, we find that increases in youth unemployment induce increases in crime. Using the predicted industrial structure to instrument unemployment, we show that this effect is causal for burglaries, thefts, and drug offences. To combat crime, it appears thus that all strategies designed to combat youth unemployment should be examined.
Public sociology is at the origin of the formation of the modern Brazilian sociological field. Between 1960 and 1970, at least two important institutions of sociological research (the Center for Labor and Industrial Sociology at the University of São Paulo, CESIT, and the Brazilian Center for Analysis and Planning, CEBRAP) developed the praxis characteristic of public sociology building up links with extra-academic audiences, in particular, radical trade unions and progressive social movements. The purpose of this presentation will be to reconstruct the theoretical and political links between theseexperiences in public sociology and the current engagement of the Center for the Study of Citizenship Rights (Cenedic), public sociology institute founded at the University of São Paulo in the 1990s by sociologist Francisco de Oliveira. Thus, we intend to debate some tensions between the academic research and social movements fighting for the rights of citizenship which resurfaced with unprecedented strength in Brazil in June 2013.