Hasil untuk "Dermatology"

Haomei Fan, Haomei Fan, Haomei Fan et al.

BackgroundClindamycin hydrochloride, a first-line antibiotic for acne treatment, faces challenges with poor skin penetration due to its hydrophilicity and the barrier posed by the stratum corneum. To address this limitation, we developed gelatin-methacryloyl (GelMA) hydrogel-based biodegradable microneedles (GM-Clin-MN) for sustained intradermal drug delivery, thereby enhancing therapeutic efficacy.MethodsThe microneedle patches loaded with 1 wt% clindamycin hydrochloride were fabricated using PDMS molds and characterized through scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and fluorescence microscopy. Drug loading and release were assessed using UV-Vis spectroscopy at 520 nm, while mechanical strength was evaluated with a universal testing machine. Skin penetration was tested on ex vivo rat abdominal skin. Biosafety was determined through human skin fibroblast (HSF) cytotoxicity and hen’s egg test-chorioallantoic membrane (HET-CAM) irritation tests. Antibacterial efficacy against Cutibacterium acnes (C. acnes) was measured via colony counting. In vivo acne treatment of the microneedles was evaluated in a rat acne model. Gross morphological changes, histological sections, and immunohistochemical staining were used to evaluate the efficacy and potential mechanisms of acne treatment.ResultsClindamycin hydrochloride-loaded GelMA microneedles (GM-Clin-MN) achieved a drug loading of 0.49 ± 0.025 μg/needle, exhibiting rapid release on Day 1 (54.8% ± 2.1%) and sustained release by Day 10 (72.1% ± 1.5%). The microneedles penetrated the skin to a depth of 658 ± 66 μm, swelled by 185.4% ± 12.1%, and completely dissolved within 10 min. GM-Clin-MN displayed no cytotoxicity or skin irritation and effectively inhibited the growth of C. acnes (bacterial inhibition rate of 100%). In vivo studies revealed that acne-related inflammation was effectively suppressed with potential anti-scarring properties, characterized by reduced pro-inflammatory IL-1β levels, increased anti-inflammatory IL-10 expression, and diminished MMP-2 activity — a key enzyme in collagen overproduction during scarring.ConclusionGM-Clin-MN enables sustained, minimally invasive clindamycin delivery through the stratum corneum, offering a dual-action therapeutic strategy that combines potent antibacterial activity with anti-inflammatory modulation for acne management.

Meghana Reddy, Namrata Chhabra, Anil Kumar Goel et al.

Rémy Hamdan, Cyrielle Chea, Maxime Brisson et al.

Neck cellulitis occurs as a result of dental, pharyngeal or ear infections or following trauma, but rarely via a cutaneous entry point. A 34-year-old female patient consulted with a left-sided, painful cervical swelling with limited head rotation and trismus, accompanied by a painful, oozing, retroauricular contact dermatitis (CD). Clinical examination confirmed the left cervical cellulitis with superinfected retroauricular CD. A computed tomography scan of the neck revealed no abscess. Systemic antibiotic therapy against streptococci and staphylococci for 8 days, combined with hygiene care for the CD lesions and the avoidance of glasses with metal frames, resulted in complete recovery without recurrence. Patch tests revealed sensitization to several metals, particularly nickel. Eyeglasses may cause allergic CD, an inflammatory skin disease caused by a delayed-type hypersensitivity reaction. Metal spectacle frames are particularly prone to causing CD, mainly due to the presence of nickel. Because of the skin breakdown it entails, spectacle frames’ CD may lead to skin infections and neck cellulitis. Spectacle frame CD should be investigated in patients presenting with retroauricular eczema. To our knowledge, the case of neck cellulitis induced by spectacle frame-allergic CD has never been reported.

Kovalan Vishwanath, Manobalan Karunanandhan, Baskaran Srinivasan et al.

Jiawei Zhu, Ting Chen, Wei Fang et al.

Abstract Pressure ulcer (PU) is hardly cured due to repeated pressures‐induced serious ischemia‐reperfusion injury (IRI), poor microcirculation, and chronical inflammation. Hydrogen molecule (H2) is proved as an emerging anti‐inflammatory and anti‐IRI agent with high biological safety, while local warm heating is well identified and able to improve tissue microcirculation for promoting wound repair. This work proposes a new strategy of visible‐photocatalytic hydrogen/warm heat production for combination treatment of PU, and develops palladium nanodots‐deposited hydrogen‐doped titanium dioxide nanorod (HTON‐Pd) as a novel multifunctional photocatalyst, achieving controllable and sustainable visible‐photocatalytic production of H2 and heat. Daily administration of the HTON‐Pd encapsulated hydrogel dressing (HTON‐Pd@Gel) with the assistance of visible light irradiation receives a high outcome of PU treatment. The stubborn PU wound has completely been cured after 11‐day treatment with HTON‐Pd@Gel. Mechanistically, hydrogen and warm heat photocatalytically produced by HTON‐Pd improve the PU wound microenvironment by synergistically promoting the proliferation and migration of skin cells, inhibiting their apoptosis, reducing the inflammatory response, and boosting the generation of new blood vessels in support of PU wound healing.

Manju Jain, Diya A’gitok Sangma, Lipsalely Parida et al.

Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) caused by L. donovani in South-East Asian endemic countries including India, Nepal and Bangladesh has been the primary focus of the ongoing VL elimination program. With a major reduction in VL cases resulting from the elimination program during the last two decades, the efforts are now focused on the challenges posed by potential reservoirs within the asymptomatic cases, HIV-co-infection VL cases and Post Kala-azar Dermal Leishmaniasis (PKDL) cases that continue to sustain the parasite transmission cycle in known and newer endemic zones. This article brings attention to a new potential parasite reservoir in the form of atypical cutaneous leishmaniasis (ACL) cases caused by novel L. donovani genetic variants. L. donovani mediated ACL is an emerging phenomenon in recent endemic sites that now justify a need for implementing molecular surveillance tools to identify region-specific L. donovani variants with dermotropic capabilities and potential to revert to visceral disease. A timely detection of novel ACL causing L. donovani genetic lineages in South-East Asian endemic regions is necessary to halt the spread of ACL and is potentially crucial for the sustainability of the advances made by the VL elimination.

Rui Ma, Rui Ma, Lian Cui et al.

BackgroundThe systemic immune-inflammation index (SII) and systemic inflammation response index (SIRI) are both novel biomarkers and predictors of inflammation. Psoriasis is a skin disease characterized by chronic inflammation. This study aimed to investigate the potential association between SII, SIRI, and adult psoriasis.MethodsData of adults aged 20 to 80 years from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) (2003–2006, 2009–2014) were utilized. The K-means method was used to group SII and SIRI into low, medium, and high-level clusters. Additionally, SII or SIRI levels were categorized into three groups: low (1st-3rd quintiles), medium (4th quintile), and high (5th quintile). The association between SII-SIRI pattern, SII or SIRI individually, and psoriasis was assessed using multivariate logistic regression models. The results were presented as odds ratios (ORs) and confidence intervals (CIs). Restricted cubic spline (RCS) regression, subgroup, and interaction analyses were also conducted to explore the potential non-linear and independent relationships between natural log-transformed SII (lnSII) levels or SIRI levels and psoriasis, respectively.ResultsOf the 18208 adults included in the study, 511 (2.81%) were diagnosed with psoriasis. Compared to the low-level group of the SII-SIRI pattern, participants in the medium-level group had a significantly higher risk for psoriasis (OR = 1.40, 95% CI: 1.09, 1.81, p-trend = 0.0031). In the analysis of SII or SIRI individually, both SII and SIRI were found to be positively associated with the risk of psoriasis (high vs. low group OR = 1.52, 95% CI: 1.18, 1.95, p-trend = 0.0014; OR = 1.48, 95% CI: 1.12, 1.95, p-trend = 0.007, respectively). Non-linear relationships were observed between lnSII/SIRI and psoriasis (both p-values for overall < 0.05, p-values for nonlinearity < 0.05). The association between SII levels and psoriasis was stronger in females, obese individuals, people with type 2 diabetes, and those without hypercholesterolemia.ConclusionWe observed positive associations between SII-SIRI pattern, SII, SIRI, and psoriasis among U.S. adults. Further well-designed studies are needed to gain a better understanding of these findings.

Hongmei Xin, Yixiao Li, Kaihui Zhang et al.

A human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) line was generated from patient with type 1 neurofibromatosis (NF-1), carrying heterozygous mutation in NF1 gene. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were reprogrammed using non-integrating delivery of KFL4, OCT4, SOX2, BCL-XL and c-MYC. The iPSC line expresses pluripotency markers, displays a normal karyotype, and is able to differentiate into three germ layers in vitro. This iPSC line represents a valuable cell model for NF1 in humans.

Weiqi Wu, Liuyan Wen, Shaoping Yuan et al.

Abstract Early detection and treatment of skin cancer are important for patient recovery and survival. Dermoscopy images can help clinicians for timely identification of cancer, but manual diagnosis is time-consuming, costly, and prone to human error. To conduct this, an innovative deep learning-based approach has been proposed for automatic melanoma detection. The proposed method involves preprocessing dermoscopy images to remove artifacts, enhance contrast, and cancel noise, followed by feeding them into an optimized Convolutional Neural Network (CNN). The CNN is trained using an innovative metaheuristic called the Improved Chameleon Swarm Algorithm (CSA) to optimize its performance. The approach has been validated using the SIIM-ISIC Melanoma dataset and the results have been confirmed through rigorous evaluation metrics. Simulation results demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed method in accurately diagnosing melanoma from dermoscopy images by highlighting its potential as a valuable tool for clinicians in early cancer detection.

Vittorio Gedda, Francisco González-Coloma, Alejandro Jeldres et al.

Gerardo Cazzato, Francesca Ambrogio, Caterina Foti et al.

Various adverse reactions to SARS-CoV-2 vaccines have been described since the first months of the vaccination campaign. In addition to more frequent reactions, rare reactions, such as sarcoidosis-like, rashes have been reported. We present a case of a 23-year-old woman with a rash on the chin and peribuccal region, which developed approximately 3 weeks after the administration of the second dose of the Moderna mRNA-1273 vaccine. We briefly discuss other reports in the literature.

Wen Sun, Jianqin Chen, Jingting Li et al.

Background The vitamin D receptor (VDR) has a low level of expression in the keratinocytes of patients with psoriasis and plays a role in the development of the disease. Furthermore, the crosstalk between macrophages and psoriatic keratinocytes-derived exosomes is critical for psoriasis progression. However, the effects of VDR-deficient keratinocytes-derived exosomes (Exos-shVDR) on macrophages and their underlying mechanisms remain largely unknown. Methods VDR-deficient keratinocytes were constructed by infecting HaCaT cells with a VDR-targeting lentivirus, mimicking the VDR-deficient state observed in psoriatic keratinocytes. Exosomes were characterized using transmission electron microscopy, nanoparticle tracking analysis, and Western blot. The effect of Exos-shVDR on macrophage proliferation, apoptosis, and M1/M2 polarization was assessed using cell counting kit-8 assay (CCK-8), flow cytometer, real-time quantitative polymerasechain reaction (RT-qPCR), and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The mechanism underlying the effect of Exos-shVDR on macrophage function was elucidated through data mining, bioinformatics, RT-qPCR, and rescue experiments. Results Our results revealed that both Exos-shVDR and Exos-shNC exhibited typical exosome characteristics, including a hemispheroid shape with a concave side and particle size ranging from 50 to 100 nm. The levels of expression of VDR were significantly lower in Exos-shVDR than in Exos-shNC. Functional experiments demonstrated that Exos-shVDR significantly promoted macrophage proliferation and polarization towards the M1 phenotype while inhibiting macrophage apoptosis. Moreover, miR-4505 was highly expressed in the skin tissue of patients with psoriasis. Its overexpression significantly increased macrophage proliferation and polarization towards M1 and inhibited apoptosis. Furthermore, the effects of Exos-shVDR on macrophage function occur through miR-4505. Conclusions Exos-shVDR exacerbates macrophage proliferation, promotes polarization towards the M1 phenotype, and inhibits macrophage apoptosis by increasing the levels of miR-4505. These results indicate that modulation of macrophage function is a potential strategy for developing new drugs for the treatment of psoriasis.

Indah Purnamasari, Maylita Sari

Highlight: • Dermoscopy is a practical, non-invasive and accurate method for reducing the number of unnecessary excision of benign skin neoplasms. • Knowledge about vascular pattern and description setting can lead to a prompt benign skin neoplasm diagnosis. Abstract: Benign skin neoplasms are commonly found in the population.  It has a well-differentiated and slow growth nature. The patients often come seeking treatment when the tumor has developed into malignancy. This usual delay in diagnosis and therapy frequently happens because early-stage mass has not generated any complaints by the patients. Detection and monitoring of benign skin neoplasms can be carried out earlier and more effectively if the clinician or dermatologist has the knowledge of distinguishing benign from malignant lesions. The histopathological examination can help to establish the diagnosis, but this method is invasive and requires an extended amount of time. Dermoscopy is a practical, non-invasive and accurate method for early detection of skin disorder which reduces the number of unnecessary excisions of benign skin neoplasms. Knowledge of the vascular pattern and arrangement description, combined with the additional dermoscopic feature can lead to the prompt diagnosis of benign skin neoplasms.

Taku Fujimura, Setsuya Aiba

Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) have been detected in most skin cancers. TAMs produce various chemokines and angiogenic factors that promote tumor development, along with other immunosuppressive cells such as myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), regulatory T cells (Tregs) and tumor-associated neutrophils. TAMs generated from monocytes develop into functional, fully activated macrophages, and TAMs obtain various immunosuppressive functions to maintain the tumor microenvironment. Since TAMs express PD1 to maintain the immunosuppressive M2 phenotype by PD1/PD-L1 signaling from tumor cells, and the blockade of PD1/PD-L1 signaling by anti-PD1 antibodies (Abs) activate and re-polarize TAMs into immunoreactive M1 phenotypes, TAMs represent a potential target for anti-PD1 Abs. The main population of TAMs comprises CD163⁺ M2 macrophages, and CD163⁺ TAMs release soluble (s)CD163 and several proinflammatory chemokines (CXCL5, CXCL10, CCL19, etc.) as a result of TAM activation to induce an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment together with other immunosuppressive cells. Since direct blockade of PD1/PD-L1 signaling between tumor cells and tumor-infiltrating T cells (both effector T cells and Tregs) is mandatory for inducing an anti-immune response by anti-PD1 Abs, anti-PD1 Abs need to reach the tumor microenvironment to induce anti-immune responses in the tumor-bearing host. Taken together, TAM-related factors could offer a biomarker for anti-PD1 Ab-based immunotherapy. Understanding the crosstalk between TAMs and immunosuppressive cells is important for optimizing PD1 Ab-based immunotherapy.

Hong-Mei Wang, Yu-Ye Li, Li-Ping He et al.

Abstract Background Early diagnosis of congenital syphilis (CS) is difficult. This study aimed to determine the serological response discipline of syphilis passive antibody (SPA) in infants born to mothers with syphilis and provide the basis for the early diagnosis of CS. Methods Thirty-three infants born to mothers with syphilis and six infants with CS were recruited. The toluidine red unheated serum test (TRUST) and Treponema pallidum particle agglutination (TPPA) titers were followed up after birth. Results The results showed that serological response in the serum of infants with the TPPA titer decreased threefold at 3rd month, or the titer dropped to a minimum of 1:40 at 9th month was SPA. The TPPA titer of 6 CS cases remained positive after 3-year follow-up, and the titer did not decline after treatment and maintained longer. The infants with TRUST titer ≥ 1:4 at birth were prone to become syphilis serofast, while TRUST titer < 1:4 turned to negative quickly. Conclusion In infants with SPA, the TRUST converted negative earlier than the TPPA. The lower the TPPA initial titer was, the shorter the seroreversion time required. The TPPA titer can be used to predict CS in infants born to mothers with syphilis.

Katarzyna B. Gostyńska, Vamsi K. Yenamandra, Caroline Lindemans et al.

Andrés Tirado-Sánchez, Alexandro Bonifaz

Nodular lymphangitis, also known as sporotrichoid lymphocutaneous infections, is characterized by suppurative inflammatory nodules along the lymphatic vessels. This manifestation is classic of sporotrichosis, however, other infections such as nocardiosis, atypical mycobacteriosis, leishmaniasis, among others, can also express this clinical pattern. Sporotrichosis, which often occurs in gardeners, remains the most recognized cause of nodular lymphangitis. The histopathological studies, as well as the culture are diagnostic standards of lesions that do not respond to empirical treatment. In this article, we will review the main causes of nodular lymphangitis or lymphocutaneous sporotrichoid infections.

L. Kanerva

Anna Sobieszek-Kundro, Urszula Brzezicka-Ciach, Anetta Gwiazdowska

Wprowadzenie: Łuszczyca jest przewlekłą zapalną chorobą skóry,w której obserwuje się okresy remisji i zaostrzeń wywołanych różnymiczynnikami, m.in. infekcjami. Kiła jest chorobą infekcyjną o bogatejsymptomologii klinicznej, która może naśladować i utrudniać rozpoznaniewielu innych chorób skóry. Cel pracy: Przedstawienie trudności w rozpoznaniu kiły wczesneju pacjenta z łuszczycą. Opis przypadku: U 22-letniego pacjenta chorującego na łuszczycę odwczesnego dzieciństwa wystąpił nagle, bez uchwytnej przyczyny,wysiew zmian grudkowych, rozpoznawanych i leczonych bez poprawyjako zmiany łuszczycowe. Dokładny wywiad oraz wyniki badańserologicznych pozwoliły na rozpoznanie kiły drugorzędowej nawrotowej.Leczenie penicyliną prokainową w dawce 1,2 mln j./dzień spowodowałoszybką poprawę zmian skórnych. Wnioski: Opisywany przypadek wskazuje na konieczność wykonywaniabadań serologicznych w kierunku kiły u pacjentów z przewlekłymidermatozami, szczególnie w przypadkach o nietypowym obrazie klinicznymi opornych na leczenie.

C. Koblenzer