How do institutionalized memories of historical trauma shape contemporary political attitudes? This study examines how emotionally evocative reminders of past violence influence public opinion. Drawing on a survey experiment in South Korea, I test how symbolic narratives of Japanese colonial repression affect emotional responses and downstream political views. The results show that while these reminders evoke strong emotions—especially anger and fear—they do not directly alter attitudes toward national identity or policy. Instead, anger, more than fear, consistently predicts both inclusive orientations, such as increased national pride, and exclusive preferences, including support for protectionist policies. These findings suggest that historical trauma influences political behavior not by providing new information but by activating internalized emotional frameworks. The study contributes to research on the legacy of political violence by identifying discrete emotions as key mechanisms linking collective victimhood to divergent political responses.
South Asia. Southeast Asia. East Asia, Social Sciences
In 2015, China adopted “Made in China 2025” to upgrade its manufacturing sector and to engage firms in contributing to state priorities including economic growth and national security. Since 2015, the media and academics have noted that manufacturing firms of more strategic importance received more subsidies. However, firms manufacturing cutting-edge products do not necessarily mean that they are willing to meet the state’s political goals. This article argues that China grants more subsidies to manufacturing firms more connected to the party-state. Data on manufacturing firms listed in China supports the argument. Data also demonstrates that when manufacturing firms are more politically connected, the positive effects of subsidies on local manufacturing growth and on firm-level productivity tend to decrease. The symbiotic relationship between politically connected firms and the party-state may curb on the growth momentum, which contradicts one of the key goals of “Made in China 2025”: economic growth.
South Asia. Southeast Asia. East Asia, Social Sciences
South African criminal law does not formally recognise a separate or distinct cultural defence despite the courts having had ample opportunity to consider doing so. A formal cultural defence could negate an accused’s liability for a so-called “culturally motivated crime” or, at the very least, mitigate the accused’s sentence. The desirability of recognising such a defence in South Africa’s criminal law necessitates understanding its possible influence on the requirements for criminal liability. This article evaluates the influence of the cultural defence on the element of unlawfulness. The first part outlines unlawfulness in South African criminal law. The subsequent parts consider whether private defence,
necessity, obedience to superior orders and consent as grounds of justification in South Africa can accommodate arguments that an accused’s indigenous belief or custom resulted in a culturally motivated crime. The aim is to determine whether South African criminal law on unlawfulness has a gap that only a separate and distinct cultural defence can fill. The article concludes that South Africa’s principles of unlawfulness are already broad enough to accommodate arguments of an accused’s indigenous belief or custom to negate this element of criminal liability without the need for a separate or distinct cultural defence.
Asia and Eurasia, Africa, Pacific Area, and Antarctica
The article is devoted to the analysis of characteristics and evolution of China’s perception of sovereignty in the context of the current change in the balance between globalization and sovereignty in accordance with the pendulum model. The purpose of this study is to consider the differences between the Chinese and European ideas of sovereignty and to identify modern trends in the PRC’s approach to this concept. The theoretical part of the work briefly describes the history of the origin and development of the idea of sovereignty and notes the danger of directly transferring Western terms to Chinese reality. The authors analyze the transformation of Chinese approaches to sovereignty from a historical perspective. It is emphasized that the most active development of this concept begins after the formation of New China. The practical part of the article considers Chinese sources, namely the speeches of the leaders of the PRC – the
reports of Hu Jintao in 2012 and Xi Jinping in 2017 and 2022. Based on the analysis of the common aspects and differences of these reports, the authors tried to identify the main trends and changes in the perception of sovereignty by the Chinese government over the past 15 years. The conclusion underlines the particular importance of further research on sovereignty in the context of current international tensions and emphasizes the need to understand the historical and modern Chinese approach to sovereignty for the successful implementation of Russian foreign policy.
South Asia. Southeast Asia. East Asia, Bibliography. Library science. Information resources
The academic literature scarcely covers court cases from the Global South on climate change. Hence, this paper examines the impact of existing climate litigation on shaping Africa’s climate action and the role of courts in climate change jurisprudence on the continent. The paper determines that: NGOs are key actors in challenging state granted environmental authorisations of projects whose activities violate human rights, affect climate change, and contravene formal procedures. Courts are deciding that fossil fuel activities like gas flaring violate fundamental human rights and exacerbate climate change. They call for amending laws allowing for such activities to bring them in conformity with laws on the protection of fundamental human rights. In a balancing act of the socio-economic rights and environmental human rights violations courts acknowledge that fossil fuels form part of the energy mix of sources on account of existing government laws and policies aimed at addressing priorities like energy security and poverty alleviation, a context that should inform climate change action. The implication is that short of laws banning fossil fuel activities, these activities will continue under enabling laws thus limiting the extent of court’s intervention in challenging climate change.
Asia and Eurasia, Africa, Pacific Area, and Antarctica
This narrative research report summarizes the experiences of Vivid Ethnicity, a mobile anthropological museum of the Museum of Cultural Anthropology at Mahidol University, Thailand, during the lockdowns caused by the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020-2022. Although Vivid Ethnicity was rendered immobile and forced to stop travelling during the pandemic, it developed a hybrid curatorial method to stay connected and engaged with its audiences and research partners in two ethnic villages in Chiang Mai province. A key lesson of this experience is that hands-on information and communication technologies can help maintain a certain proximity with the audiences and research partners in times of physical absence. We also learned that an empathetic mindset on the part of everyone involved in the project, along with a human-centric design, are crucial components of what we call the hybrid curation of cultural practice.
L’article 457 du Code pénal interdit sans distinction le don et la vente d’organes humains. En effet, contrairement aux sociétés occidentales, au Bénin, le trafic et le don d’organes sont perçus comme une forme de commerce entre les êtres humains. On note cependant un décalage entre la situation juridique posée à l’article 457 du Code pénal et la réalité car dans les centres hospitaliers les listes d’attente s’allongent et nombreux sont les malades qui souffrent et meurent faute d’un organe susceptible de les sauver. La répression du trafic et du don d’organes prévue par le Code pénal est certes conforme au droit international, à la constitution, à l’anthropologie et à la sociologie béninoise mais n’est pas sans poser des problèmes dans la mise en œuvre de l’article 8 de la constitution. Elle révèle également des incohérences dans l’arsenal juridique et des obstacles à l’efficacité de la répression du trafic et du don d’organe.
Asia and Eurasia, Africa, Pacific Area, and Antarctica
This paper applies the notions of mobility, mobility capital, gender, and ageing to analyze marriage migration and the trajectories of geographical and social mobility of Thai-Dutch couples moving from the Netherlands to Thailand. It is based on in-depth interviews with 12 Thai-Dutch couples who moved from the Netherlands to Thailand and resided in Thailand for between three and twelve years. The study explores the key role of mobility capital in stimulating Thai-Dutch couples’ imaginations, their perceptions, and their potential for movement. In terms of their ‘mobility turn’, I argue that their trajectories of mobility and relocation to Thailand should not be understood as a linear and permanent movement from the Netherlands to Thailand. Rather, this mobility is fluid, complicated, and sometimes fragmented. It is marked by the practices of waiting, hesitation to move, imagining their return, preparing to move, having actually returned, and travelling back and forth between Thailand and the Netherlands. It also encompasses local spatial move-ment in daily life.
The article analyzes the life and activity of one of the prominent figures of the national
liberation movement of the Vietnamese people, the predecessor of Ho Chi Minh. Coming from the class of
Vietnamese Confucians, Phan Boi Chau could have made a career as an official, but chose the path of
struggle for the liberation of his homeland. He initiated the creation and became the leader of the first
political parties of the anti-colonial movement. The article focuses on his ties with Japan and China, which, he believed, could help Vietnam get free from French domination, analyzes the main scientific and political treatises and articles by Phan Boi Chau, the complete collection of which (10 volumes) was published after the victory of the August Revolution and proclamation of Vietnam's independence.
South Asia. Southeast Asia. East Asia, Bibliography. Library science. Information resources
The article examines the foreign policy and economic strategy of the United Kingdom in the
Asian direction after the country's exit from the European Union. As part of its vision to transform the United Kingdom into a global power, London is committed to fully developing relations with the rapidly growing Asia-Pacific region. The UK intends to make up for the economic damage from the loss of markets in Europe by developing relations with the countries of the region, both bilaterally and multilaterally. The
British government particularly hopes to enter the Comprehensive and Progressive Trans-Pacific Partnership (CPTPP). One of the important directions of the new strategy is the development of trade and economic relations with the ASEAN member states. The strengthening of the UK's relations with Japan allows us to talk about the creation of a quasi-alliance between Tokyo and London. However, the UK's economic and security aspirations in the Asia-Pacific region are often motivated by the need to contain the increasing ambitions of China.
South Asia. Southeast Asia. East Asia, Bibliography. Library science. Information resources
Fitri Fausiah, Sherly Saragih Turnip, Edvard Hauff
AbstractIntroductionAdolescent violence is a public health problem worldwide. Studies show that challenging environments, such as poverty and war, increase the risk of adolescent violence. This paper aims to assess gender differences in violent behaviors among adolescents in a post‐conflict area in Indonesia. The other aim of this study is to investigate the correlates of adolescents' violent behaviors using the socio‐ecological framework.MethodsThis is a school‐based study involving 511 students from six randomly selected high schools in Kotamadya Ambon. Active and verbal violent behaviors and the potential correlates were measured and assessed using backward linear regression analyses.ResultsBoys were involved in more violent behaviors than girls. However, some of the boys and girls reported being involved in all types of violent behaviors. The most significant correlates of violent behaviors across genders were community violence exposure and some types of behavioral problems.DiscussionThis study highlighted the interconnectedness between community violence exposure and violent behaviors among adolescents living in a post‐conflict area. The study also emphasizes the association between problem behaviors and violent behaviors. The results demonstrate the importance of both reducing community violence exposure and identifying adolescents with behavioral problems in the prevention of violent behaviors.
The Japanese Prime Minister Abe Shinzo started protecting the idea of the Indo-Pacific
format, which appeared in 2006. The Japanese leader believed, that the USA, Japan, India and Australia
would join the format. In the context of this idea, the emphasis was made on building the China’s effective
deterrent system. The PRC caught that trend and undertook active diplomatic steps to neutralize the strategic danger. Nowadays the Indo-Pacific zone is the most important element of the overseas strategies and conceptions of China and the United States. The Chinese foreign policy in this region is determined
by the Chinese leadership, which is to turn the country into a strong nautical power as a part of the integral composed idea of the Chinese nation’s successive revival. According to this idea, the nautical potential of China must match its integrated state capacity and national security and progressive development interests.
South Asia. Southeast Asia. East Asia, Bibliography. Library science. Information resources
The future of sustainable development in Africa and for its growing population will depend on investments which might come mostly from abroad attracted by a favourable investment climate (or ecosystem). It is rather doubtful that the actual („old“) international legal framework for investment-related and investment-specific measures which does hardly create an adequate balance between the interests of all important public as well as private stakeholders would meet the requirement of today and tomorrow. But any alterations or improvements must start from the present state of things. So, this study looks at the different levels and various instruments dealing with traditional standards of investment and investor protection, e.g. BITs und TIPs, and at the activities of global, regional and sub-regional organizations (in particular EU and OHADA). Moreover, new developments at global and regional levels are discussed including trends showing a somewhat specific African approach to investment issues (“Africanization”). Finally, a very important topic, i.e. the relation between investment protection and human rights (of investors and of other people negatively affected by relevant activities), is described and assessed in more detail. A second part of the analysis will turn to elaborating on dispute settlement and enforcement issues since till today, there seems to be a sharp distinction between Investor-State- Dispute Settlement (ISDS) by way of mediation, conciliation and arbitration on the one hand and judicial redress by national courts (of home, host or third States) on the other.
Asia and Eurasia, Africa, Pacific Area, and Antarctica
The article analyzes the role and significance of the network of roads from North Vietnam to
South Vietnam, laid in the most difficult conditions and under continuous raids of American aviation by
sappers of the Vietnamese people's Army (VPA) and thousands of young volunteers from the local
population during the war against US aggression in 1964–1975. The strategic road, called the “Ho Chi Minh
trail” by the Americans, allowed the armed forces of the National liberation front of South Vietnam to be
supplied with reinforcements, weapons, ammunition, food and medicine. It was one of the decisive factors in the victory of the Vietnamese people. The article reveals the real reasons that prompted the leadership of Vietnam to start this Grand project, shows the main stages of its implementation, which predetermined the successful development of the struggle of the liberation forces in the South. Without the help that was provided in those years by the Soviet Union and other countries of Eastern bloc, the victory in the most difficult and bloody war would, of course, have been impossible. But this aid still had to be delivered to its destination. Therefore, the “Ho Chi Minh trail” entered the history of the war of Resistance in 1964–1975 as a manifestation of the greatest resistance and mass heroism of the people and as a path to victory
South Asia. Southeast Asia. East Asia, Bibliography. Library science. Information resources
The article contains reflections on the usefulness of poetic translation on the example of translation of classical Japanese tanka poetry into Russian. A translation made by a professional poet who
does not speak the original language with the help of not always conscientious subscript, can hardly be called full-fledged. The transfer of the author's idea, spirit and time of the work is often sacrificed to the beauty of the sound.
South Asia. Southeast Asia. East Asia, Bibliography. Library science. Information resources
The issue of social protection has undergone something of a renaissance in the development policy debate in recent years and has lately become a particular focus of interest for several international organizations, primarily for the International Labour Organization (ILO) with its Social Protection Floor Initiative. But promoting social protection systems as a tool for long-term poverty eradication is now also policy priority for the African Union. This article presents several soft law documents which have been adopted both at the global and the regional level which are relevant in this context.
Asia and Eurasia, Africa, Pacific Area, and Antarctica