Hasil untuk "Agriculture (General)"

Manuel Fuertes-Recuero, José L. López-Hernández, Alejandra Ramírez-Lago et al.

Chimpanzees (<i>Pan troglodytes</i>) rescued from the illegal wildlife trade often suffer from chronic, traumatic injuries that require specialized and prolonged medical treatment in wildlife rehabilitation centers. We present the case report of a two-year-old male chimpanzee admitted at the Tchimpounga Chimpanzee Rehabilitation Center in the Republic of Congo with a chronic periorbital abscess, likely caused by a machete wound sustained during the poaching of his mother. Despite receiving extended antimicrobial therapy, his condition was never fully controlled and progressed to a chronic orbital infection, causing him discomfort and producing chronic purulent discharge. Enucleation was performed under general anesthesia using ketamine and medetomidine, with surgical approach adapted to the distinctive orbital anatomy of chimpanzees. During the procedure, ligation of the optic nerve and ophthalmic vessels was required due to the confined orbital apex and extensive vascularization, ensuring adequate haemostasias and procedural safety. The chimpanzee made an uneventful postoperative recovery, resuming normal feeding and social behavior within 48 h, with complete wound healing occurring within two weeks. This case report highlights the importance of prompt surgical intervention when conservative medical management fails to resolve refractory ocular infections in chimpanzees. It also emphasizes the importance of specific anesthetic protocols, refined surgical techniques and tailored postoperative care in wildlife rehabilitation centers. Documenting and sharing detailed case reports such as this contributes to the limited veterinary literature on great ape surgery and supports evidence-based clinical decision-making to improve the welfare and treatment outcomes of rescued chimpanzees.

Yegnanew A. Shiferaw

The first important step toward ending hunger is sustainable agriculture, which is a vital component of the 2030 Agenda. In this study, auxiliary variables from the 2011 Population Census are combined with data from the 2016 Community Survey to develop and apply a hierarchical Bayes (HB) small area estimation approach for estimating the local-level households engaged in agriculture. A generalized variance function was used to reduce extreme proportions and noisy survey variances. The deviance information criterion (DIC) preferred the mixed logistic model with known sampling variance over the other two models (Fay-Herriot model and mixed log-normal model). For almost all local municipalities in South Africa, the proposed HB estimates outperform survey-based estimates in terms of root mean squared error (MSE) and coefficient of variation (CV). Indeed, information on local-level agricultural households can help governments evaluate programs that support agricultural households.

George Hochmuth, Ed Hanlon, Russell Nagata et al.

This 8-page publication presents UF/IFAS recommendations for fertilization of crisphead lettuce on organic soils in Florida. Written by George Hochmuth, Ed Hanlon, Russell Nagata, George Snyder, Tom Schueneman, J. Mabry McCray, and German Sandoya, and published by the UF/IFAS Horticultural Sciences Department, revised January 2023. SP153/WQ114: Fertilization Recommendations for Crisphead Lettuce Grown on Organic Soils in Florida (ufl.edu)

Wei Yan, Mingjuan Hu, Kun Li et al.

In view of the problems of the difficulties faced in horizontal planting; high labor intensity, poor operation quality and low economy in the existing sweet potato bare seedling transplanting technology and equipment, combined with the agronomic requirements of sweet potato planting and transplanting, a sweet potato bare seedling horizontal transplanter is designed, which can realize multiple processes such as rotary tillage and ridging, ditching and transplanting, covering soil and standing seedlings. The main parameters affecting the working performance and operation effect of the whole machine are analyzed, determining the relevant position and motion parameters, taking the forward speed of machines and tools, spacing of the ribbons and spiral speed as the influencing factors of the performance test, selecting the qualified rate of plant spacing as the evaluation index, and designing a three-factor and three-level orthogonal test. The test results show that the primary and secondary order of the significance of the qualified rate <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mi>Z</mi></semantics></math></inline-formula> of plant spacing is <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mi>B</mi></semantics></math></inline-formula>, <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mi>A</mi></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> and <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mi>C</mi></semantics></math></inline-formula>. The better horizontal combination of influencing factors is that the forward speed of machines and tools is 0.17 m·s⁻¹, the spacing of the ribbons is 110 mm, and the spiral speed is 170 rpm. The field test results showed that the average <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mi>Z</mi></semantics></math></inline-formula>-value of plant spacing qualification rate under the optimal factor level combination was 91.87%, which met the relevant technical standards and agronomic requirements.

Goibov M.A.

The objective of this paper is to measure technical efficiency of farms in northern Tajikistan, and to identify determinants of in/efficiency. The total sample constituted 418 randomly selected farm households from three districts. Using VRS input-oriented approach in Data Envelopment Analysis and Tobit model, the study has found out that farm indebtedness and limited access to extension services negatively influence the efficiency level of farm households. As a result, policy intervention should consider the comparative advantages of districts.

Fujiang HOU, Qianmin JIA, Shanning LOU, Chuntao YANG, Jiao NING, Lan LI, Qingshan FAN

&lt;List&gt; &lt;ListItem&gt;&lt;ItemContent&gt;&lt;p&gt;&#8226; Grassland-based livestock production systems cover large areas in China.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/ItemContent&gt;&lt;/ListItem&gt; &lt;ListItem&gt;&lt;ItemContent&gt;&lt;p&gt;&#8226; China is facing degradation of rangeland and has great shortage of forage.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/ItemContent&gt;&lt;/ListItem&gt; &lt;ListItem&gt;&lt;ItemContent&gt;&lt;p&gt;&#8226; Five types of mixed crop-livestock systems in China described.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/ItemContent&gt;&lt;/ListItem&gt; &lt;ListItem&gt;&lt;ItemContent&gt;&lt;p&gt;&#8226; Improving crop&#8211;livestock integration requires ST and policy supports.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/ItemContent&gt;&lt;/ListItem&gt;&lt;/List&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;fig&gt;&lt;graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="2095-7505-8-1-35/fase-20378-hfj-tu1.jpg"/&gt;&lt;graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="2095-7505-8-1-35/FASE-20378-HFJ-tu1.tif"/&gt;&lt;/fig&gt; &lt;p&gt;Interactions between crops and livestock have been at the core of the evolution of many agricultural systems. In this paper, we review the development and characteristics of mixed crop-livestock systems, with a focus on grassland-based systems, as these cover large areas in China, and face several challenges. Following the transition from the original hunting and foraging systems to a sedentary lifestyle with integrated crop-livestock production systems some 8000 years ago, a range of different mixed systems have developed, depending on rainfall, solar radiation and temperature, culture and markets. We describe 5 main types of integrated systems, (1) livestock and rangeland, (2) livestock and grain production, (3) livestock and crop &#8211; grassland rotations, (4) livestock, crops and forest (silvo-pasture), and (5) livestock, crops and fish ponds. Next, two of these mixed systems are described in greater detail, i.e., the mountain-oasis-desert system and its modifications in arid and semi-arid regions, and the integrated crop-livestock production systems on the Loess Plateau. In general, crop-livestock interactions in integrated systems have significant positive effects on crop production, livestock production, energy use efficiency and economic profitability. We conclude that improved integration of crop-livestock production systems is one of the most important ways for achieving a more sustainable development of animal agriculture in China.

L. Stevanato, G. Baroni, Y. Cohen et al.

A correct soil moisture estimation is a fundamental prerequisite for many applications: agriculture, meteorological forecast, flood and drought prediction, and, in general, water accounting and management. Traditional methods typically provide point-like measurements, but suffer from soil heterogeneity, which can produce significant misinterpretation of the hydrological scenarios. In the last decade, cosmic-ray neutron sensing (CRNS) has emerged as a promising approach for the detection of soil moisture content. CRNS can average soil moisture over a large volume (up to tens of hectares) of terrain with only one probe, thus overcoming limitations arising from the heterogeneity of the soil. The present paper introduces the development of a new CRNS instrument designed for agricultural applications and based on an innovative neutron detector. The new instrument was applied and tested in two experimental fields located in Potsdam (DE, Germany) and Lagosanto (IT, Italy). The results highlight how the new detector could be a valid alternative and robust solution for the application of the CRNS technique for soil moisture measurements in agriculture.

Dedy Eko Rahmanto, Esma Hadi Fitroni, Bayu Rudiyanto

Abstrak. Kayu bayur banyak digunakan untuk pembuatan bahan baku furnitur yang menghasilkan limbah serbuk gergaji. Kayu bayur memiliki nilai kalor sebesar 4.452,01 kal/gr, kadar abu 1,04% dan kadar air 19,29%. Serbuk gergaji kayu bayur ini sangat berpotensi digunakan sebagai bahan pembuatan briket dengan penambahan perekat.  Bahan yang bisa digunakan sebagai pengganti perekat tepung tapioka adalah daun tanaman biduri. Tanaman biduri memiliki kandungan kimia seperti selulosa, pentosan sebagai hemiselulosa, lignin, abu, tanin 9,1mg/g dan pektin 55%. Pembuatan briket dengan perekat daun biduri bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana pengaruh berbagai variasi perekat, dan bagaimana karakteristik briket yang dihasilkan. Penelitian yang telah dilakukan mendapatkan hasil bahwa dari variasi kadar perekat 35%, 40%, dan 45% pada briket terbaik yaitu pada variasi ke BB3 diaman 55% (30 g) arang serbuk gergaji kayu bayur dengan 45% (24,5 g) perekat daun biduri dan karakteristiknya mencapai nilai SNI briket No.1/6235/2000. Pada perlakuan ini nilai yang diperoleh yaitu untuk kadar air 1,8%, kadar abu 7,42%, densitas 0,4235 g/cm3, nilai kalor 5.069,589 kal/g, dan uji tekan 4,0538 kg/cm2. The Use of Leaves Biduri (Calotropis Gigantea) as Adhesives to Making Briquettes Sawdust Wood Bayur (Pterospermum Javanicum) Abstract. Bayur wood is widely used for manufacturing furniture raw materials that produce sawdust waste. Bayur wood has a calorific value of 4,452.01 cal/g, ash content of 1.04% and a moisture content of 19.29%. This bayur wood sawdust is very potential to be used as a briquette making material by adding adhesive to the briquetting process. Material that can be used as a substitute for tapioca flour adhesive is the leaves of the biduri plant. Betell plants have chemical properties like cellulose, pentatosan as hemicellulose, lignin, as, tannin 9.1 mg/g and pectin 55%. The making of briquettes with biduri leaf adhesive aims to find out how the influence of various variation of the adhesive, and how the characteristics of the briquettes produced. The research that has been carried out shows that the variation of 35%, 40%, and 45% adhesive content in the best briquettes is in the variation to BB3 where 55% (30 g) chacrcoal of sawdust with 45% (24.5 g) of adhesive biduri leaves and their characteristics reach to SNI briquettes No.1/6235/2000. In this treatment the values obtained are for water content of 1.8%, ash content of 7.42%, density 0.4235 g/cm3, calorific value of 5,069.589 cal/g, and pressure test of 4.0538 kg/cm2.

Ozgur Batuman, Pamela D. Roberts, Ronald H. Brlansky

Citrus blight is a wilt and decline disease of citrus whose cause has not been determined. This 2-page document is part of the 2019–2020 Florida Citrus Production Guide. Written by Ozgur Batuman, Pamela D. Roberts, and Ronald H. Brlansky, and published Plant Pathology Department, March 2019. PP-180/CG038: 2022–2023 Florida Citrus Production Guide: Blight (ufl.edu)

N. Chauvin, F. Mulangu, Guido Porto

Sumira Jan, Talat Parween

M. Hedlund, Emma Lundholm

Till B. Below, Julia C. Schmid, S. Sieber

Mohamed-Mahmoud Memmah, F. Lescourret, X. Yao et al.

Shabtai Rosenne

This chapter talks about the Law of the Sea. Part XI of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, 1982 deals with the seabed and ocean floor and its subsoil beyond the limits of national jurisdiction and the exploitation of their natural resources. In addition to the United Nations General Assembly, two of the specialized agencies, the International Maritime Organization (IMO) and the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), are continuously involved in the two major aspects of oceans affairs of general interest – maritime communications and the protection of the marine environment, and the seas as a source of food, including universal aspects of fisheries management. The chapter discusses the principal developments regarding historic waters and historic titles to marine spaces that took place in that Third Conference, and explains the fuller treatment of the matter in the 1982 Convention.Keywords: food and agriculture organization (FAO); historic waters; international maritime organization (IMO); law of the sea; national jurisdiction; United Nations convention

Joaquim Bento de Souza, Ferreira Filho, Mark Horridge

M. Piñeiro, N. Asp, G. Reid et al.

R. Chand, P. Prasanna, A. Singh

Edward Gilman, Ryan W. Klein, Gail Hansen

This document provides an overview of the Alocasia genus, commonly known as elephant’s ear, highlighting its various species with large, showy leaves1. It details the plant’s characteristics, including its fast growth rate, upright habit, and coarse texture. The document also covers the plant’s adaptability to different soil types and light conditions, its invasive potential, and its uses in landscaping as a border, ground cover, or container plant. Additionally, it discusses the plant’s maintenance needs, pest resistance, and aesthetic contributions to a tropical landscape. Original publication date September 1999.

Joe Funderburk, Josh Freeman, Scott Adkins et al.

Several invasive species of thrips have established in Florida and are causing serious economic losses to vegetable, ornamental, and agronomic crops. Damage to crops results from thrips feeding and egg-laying injury, by the thrips vectoring of plant diseases, the cost of using control tactics, and the loss of pesticides due to resistance. This updated fact sheet describes the biology and ecology of thrips and tomato spotted wilt virus, and recommends a management program.  ENY859/IN895: Managing Thrips and Tospoviruses in Tomato (ufl.edu)