Hasil untuk "Settlements"

Dipankar Borah, Momang Taram, Bishal Kanu et al.

Abstract A forest patch in Nirjuli, Papum Pare district, Arunachal Pradesh, supports remarkable biodiversity, including 11 species endemic to Northeast India and five species newly recorded from this area. Over the past two decades, rapid urbanisation and expansion of human settlements have driven significant land use and land cover (LULC) changes, leading to deforestation, habitat loss, and fragmentation of critical microhabitats. Forest cover declined from 17.46 km2 in 2004 to 14.52 km2 in 2024, representing a net loss of 2.94 km2 (16.83%), with 3.13 km2 (15.9%) of forest converted to built-up areas. Such transformation threatens endemic and ecologically valuable species, many of which occur outside formal protected areas. This study highlights the urgent need for conservation interventions, particularly ex-situ approaches, to safeguard plant diversity in urban-proximate forests. Protecting these microhabitats is essential for maintaining regional biodiversity, preventing species loss, and promoting sustainable coexistence between expanding human settlements and fragile ecosystems.

Preobrazhenskiy, Yuriy Vladimirovich

The issue of regional development in relation to the reproduction of human capital is becoming increasingly urgent every year. Therefore, it is necessary to analyze the potential for redistributing human resources within meso- and macro-territorial systems. Using the example of the Volga-Ural macro-region in Russia, the main areas with varying growth potential are considered. Special attention is given to the semi-peripheral or equilibrium zone. Based on data from 2018 to 2023, we analyze changes in the quality of urban environments and urban population dynamics in the Volga-Ural region. Using the example of the Saratov region, we show changes in the distribution of cities according to population size. Factors at different spatial levels that influence the balance between developing, equilibrium, and depressive areas are identified. The conclusion is drawn about the difficult economic situation of settlements in the equilibrium zone and their exhaustion as a source of human capital for central cities.

Nancy Lamenza Sholl da Silva, Maria Tavares Cavalcanti, Emiliano de Camargo David et al.

Esse trabalho pretende apresentar reflexões sobre uma experiência educacional na pós-graduação no campo da atenção psicossocial a partir de três questões: Quais existências se erguem e que corpos carregamos quando conjugamos o verbo aquilombar? Quais existências se erguem e que corpos carregamos quando reforçamos ou desconstruímos a branquitude? Quais existências se erguem e que corpos carregamos quando produzimos e legitimamos saberes decoloniais/contracoloniais? Essas questões surgem do desafio de constituir uma prática educacional decolonial antirracista. As aulas se transformaram numa experiência de coletivo que vem funcionando há um ano e meio, sua composição inclui relações intergeracionais, interraciais, interprofissionais, trabalhadores do “front” da saúde e da educação e ouvintes. Aquelas/es que trazem as marcas e traumas do colonialismo e da colonialidade têm que assentar-se em experiências de despedaçamentos e refazimentos de si. Essa é a mais visceral prática educacional à qual somos condenados. A principal característica de uma educação antirracista contracolonial/decolonial é aquela que forma e cultiva ouvintes e ouvidos.

Madison Wesenberg, Sandy Jung, John Tedeschini

Coercively controlling behaviours are highly prevalent in the context of intimate partner violence. However, coercive control often goes undetected because, unlike physical violence, it has not always been recognized as a criminal offence, is often perceived as less severe, and does not produce visible signs of physical violence. This paper outlines the importance of understanding what coercive control is, what coercive control looks like, why it is difficult to identify, and how investigative interviewing approaches can be employed to capture behaviours associated with coercive control when working with individuals who have engaged in partner abuse. Investigative interviewing approaches and motivational interviewing can help uncover coercively controlling behaviours that would otherwise be undetected by police and other justice-involved practitioners. Use of these approaches are illustrated to emphasize the importance of planning and preparation prior to the interview process, establishing rapport, and creating collaborative, non-adversarial relationships between the interviewer and the interviewee. These factors are likely to increase the quantity and quality of information gathered during the interview process, capture the nuances of coercive control, and reduce the likelihood that the interviewee will engage in controlling behaviours that could negatively impact the interview process.

Deividson Sá Fernandes de Souza, Simone Sehnem, Patricia Guarnieri et al.

Purpose – This paper aims to provide a comprehensive literature review on the practices and challenges in managing waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) in smart cities. Design/methodology/approach – A systematic literature review was conducted using the Methodi Ordinatio. Articles published between 2012 and 2022 were analyzed, totaling 149 references, of which 30 were included in the final review. Findings – Emerging technologies such as the Internet of Things (IoT), big data and artificial intelligence (AI) are frequently highlighted as promising solutions for efficient e-waste management. Governance models and public policies are widely recognized as crucial for the successful implementation of WEEE management practices in smart cities. Originality/value – This study underscores the role of advanced technologies, such as IoT and AI, in enhancing urban mobility and WEEE management. Key challenges include information security, privacy, interoperability, costs and sustainability. The findings reveal a convergence between smart cities and WEEE management, fostering the circular economy and the recovery of valuable materials.

Dustin Tahisin Gómez Rodríguez, Miguel Arturo Aguirre Nieto

The Department of Caquetá is located in the Amazon region of the Colombian state. Since its creation in the 19th century, it has been neglected by institutions, which has contributed, among other variables, to socio-economic and socio-environmental problems that have increased with the incursion of coca cultivation. Quantitative data on competitiveness and poverty reduction are among the lowest among the other departments of the South American country. Therefore, the general objective of the article was to characterize the results of the intervention of a pro-ject carried out by Pastoral Social Caritas Colombia and Caritas Norway in 5 municipalities of the department in the period 2018-2022 to develop food sovereignty and security in 400 farming families. The methodology, methods, and instruments are based on the Theory of Change and MEAL: Monitoring, Evaluating, All Counts and Learning used by Pastoral Social Caritas Colombia. The main conclusion is that the project's contribution to civil society focuses on strengthening organizations to enable them to move forward in spaces that can transform productivity and the recognition of rights by the department's population.

Sam Bliss, Alexandra Bramsen, Raven Graziano et al.

It has become fashionable to call for ending food charity. Anti-hunger activists and scholars advocate instead for ensuring through government programs that everybody has enough money or vouchers to purchase all the food they need. Their criticisms rightly denounce charitable food for being incapable of eradicating hunger, but they neglect the advantages that charity confers as a non-market food practice—that is, an activity that produces or distributes food that is not for sale. Our interviews with non-market food practitioners in the Brattleboro, Vermont, area demonstrated that distributing food for free strengthens relationships, fosters resilience, puts edible-but-not-sellable food to use, and aligns with an alternative, non-market vision of a desirable food future. Interviewees suggested that market food systems, in which food is distributed via selling it, cannot replicate these benefits. Yet food pantries and soup kitchens tend to imitate supermarkets and restaurants—their market counterparts—since purchasing food is considered the dignified way to feed oneself in a market economy. We suggest that charities might do well to emphasize the benefits specific to non-market food rather than suppressing those benefits by mimicking markets. But charities face limits to making their food distribution dignified, since they are essentially hierarchies that funnel gifts from well-off people to poor people. Food sharing among equals is an elusive ambition in this highly unequal world, yet it is only by moving in this direction that non-market food distribution can serve society without stigmatizing recipients.

Xiaojia Tang, Shui Shen, Xin Su

In this article, we investigate the chronological change of settlements of the Lower Xiajiadian (LXJD) culture in northeast China. On the basis of excavation data, two types of settlements can be identified based on the methods of site construction: earthen (rammed earth/mudbrick) settlements and stone-constructed settlements. After integrating and reanalyzing all published 14C radiocarbon data of different LXJD sites, we argue that there is a clear chronological difference between these two types of settlements. It is revealed by the OxCal model that settlements built with earthen structures are generally earlier than those constructed with stones, and the changes in settlement spatial distribution and constructive material largely happened after 1500 BC. By means of correlation analysis with other related archaeological evidence, we suggest that the underlying social dynamics that contributed to LXJD settlement changes can be explored through multiple prospects.

X. E. Andreeva, A. A. Nikolaeva

Today’s society faces many challenges, including those related to quality of life, level of health and living conditions in general. Now in the world there is a tendency to develop equal conditions for all people, including people with disabilities. This issue is relevant in many countries, in particular in Russia every year measures are taken to create more and more comfortable living conditions for people with disabilities. And the purpose of the article is to investigate trends in improving living conditions for people with disabilities, in particular based on historical experience and the current state of affairs. Methods of content analysis, observation and a systematic approach were used in the study. As a result, the experience of various countries in creating conditions for people with disabilities was reviewed, statistical data was given, and the current state in Russia was examined. The following trends were revealed: the disability support system is developing annually, but there are still many problems at the stage of implementation and realization in practice. There is an insufficiently developed set of measures for the creation of a supportive environment. The geography of development is not wide enough; the assistance that people with disabilities receive in large centers is not available to the population from remote areas, small settlements. Nevertheless, there are many social support programs, assistance with habilitation and rehabilitation, and measures to equip public access facilities for the convenience of people with limited mobility.

Amadou Jallow, C. Ou, Aswin Lim

Abstract The objective of this study is to examine the mechanism of the long-term settlement induced in shield tunneling. A series of finite element analysis were conducted using PLAXIS 3D on a well document shield tunneling case in Taipei Mass Rapid Transit System. Various simulation were executed assessing the impact of consolidation on long-term settlement using Soft Soil and Hardening Soil with Small-strain models. Simulation to assess the impact of the creep behavior of the soil on the long-term settlement was also executed using the Soft Soil Creep model. The computed surface settlements were compared to the field measurements. It was found from this study that the computed settlement matched the field measurement when creep behavior of the soft soil was considered but if creep was not accounted for, the computed settlement undervalued the field measurements. Finally, a series of parametric study was executed to examine the influence of various parameters on the long-term settlement. The results obtained from the parametric study of shield tunneling in thick clay clearly distinguished that mechanism of long-term settlement in shield tunneling is predominantly due to creep behavior of the soft soil since consolidation constitutes 5% of the total settlement while creep accounts for 80% of the total settlement.

Zhe Wang, W. Yao, Yuanqiang Cai et al.

Abstract Soft soil poses more challenges to the construction of large-diameter shallow-buried tunnels than other soils: the surrounding rock mass is more easily disturbed, and the tunnel stability is more influenced by various factors. This paper focuses on the excavation of a large-diameter shallow-buried twin-tunnel in soft ground using the CRD (Cross Diagram) method and the four-step method. Based on field monitoring results, it analyzes the effects of both construction factors, such as tunneling methods and construction speed, and environmental factors, such as soil conditions and continuous rainfall, on the ground surface and tunnel vault settlements. For construction factors, it is indicated that the ground surface settlement caused by the four-step method is 332% of that caused by the CRD method in argillaceous siltstone. When the twin-tunnel is excavated from opposite directions, the shape of the ground surface settlement curve of the second tunnel excavation is affected by whether or not the surface settlement caused by the first tunnel excavation is stable. For environmental factors, it is indicated that the ground surface settlement is generally large (most of the monitoring values are larger than 100 mm) with a long duration under poor soil conditions. In muddy silty clay, the range of the longitudinal surface settlement affected by the tunnel excavation face is between −0.5D and 4D, and the ratio of the vault settlement to the surface settlement is less than 1. That ratio obtained when the CRD method was used in muddy silty clay is less than that obtained when the four-step method was used in the weathered argillaceous siltstone. In other words, the lower the strength of the soil is, the smaller the ratio of the vault settlement to the surface settlement becomes. The CRD method-induced ground surface settlement in muddy silty clay is 324% of that in weathered argillaceous siltstone. Continuous rainfall increases the load on the upper soil while reducing the strength of the upper soil and surrounding rocks, which causes significant deformation of the surface settlement within a short period of time.

Hai-fan Wang, S. Chiou

The sustainability of the human settlement space environment is an eternal subject of human exploration. There hides the idea of human settlement space in an externally displayed material environment. This paper takes Dai villages in Xishuangbanna, Yunnan as the research object. Dai villages are the place where the ancestors of Dai people live, produce, and collectively construct human settlement, production, and spirit. Taking field investigation data and maps of Dai settlement areas as data sources, this paper explores Dai people’s view of human settlement space, analyzes the spatial cultural connotation of Dai villages, and the concept of sustainable human settlements ecology through the analysis of the factors of the villages’ spatial form. The survey results are as follows: (1) the villages are usually located at river valleys and basin areas, which are characteristic of facing the sun and near the water, embodying the persevering ecological concept of “adapting to local conditions and coexisting with nature”. (2) Dai people are one of the earliest “rice-growing nationalities”. Dai people’s settlements have formed a sustainable human settlement ecological space and the spatial pattern of “water-forest-field-village” is an organic whole. (3) The combination of Dai’s primitive religious ecology and Southern Buddhist culture has formed the characteristic of “advocating nature and Buddhism” and a unique concept of settlement space.

Qian Fang, Dingli Zhang, Qianqian Li et al.

Yasi Tian, X. Kong, Yaolin Liu

Abstract Daily life circles of farmers have a direct influence on the distribution of rural settlements. However, daily life circle has long been ignored in rural settlements reconstruction. By identifying farmers' daily life circles and integrating them with rural settlements suitability and the weighted Voronoi diagram, a rural settlement reconstruction method is developed based on a questionnaire survey in Liji Township, Hubei Province, Central China. Four types of daily life circles, including primary, general, extended, and cross-region daily life circles, are identified based on the evaluation of frequency, self-rated importance, and activity proportion. Combining with the analysis of the rural settlements' suitability and the weighted Voronoi diagram, two reconstruction directions for rural settlement relocation are offered. One direction is to the places with high suitability values within the administrative scope of a village where the removed settlements are located. The other direction is to the places with high suitability values within the weighted daily life circles; this direction is highly related to the removed settlements. The hierarchy of rural settlements planning is well reflected in the proposed reconstruction path. Farmers' willingness to participate in the reconstruction process could be improved based on the evaluation of suitability and their own demands in daily life activities. This study contributes to understanding the relationship between the daily life circles and rural settlement distribution and offers a new perspective on the spatial optimization of rural settlements.

Hery Budiyanto, Pindo Tutuko, Erna Winansih et al.

Marketing of Micro, Medium and Small Enterprise (MSME) products through exhibitions is an effective means of selling MSME products. However, the COVID-19 outbreak that broke out in early 2020 has a significant impact on the lives of people around the world. Several online marketing alternatives can be done, including: e-Commerce, e-Marketplace, and Virtual Exhibition. Virtual exhibitions can be a solution amid the ban on crowding during large-scale social restrictions. Virtual exhibitions are events that can be watched on computers and cell phones using the internet directly (live streaming) or via Youtube channels from anywhere and anytime. The virtual exhibition and knitting craft workshop entitled "Virtual Expo and Workshop for MSME Malang City was successfully held at Merdeka University Malang on September 12, 2020. Virtual Expo involved 6 MSMEs communities in Malang Raya, each MSME community arranging products at booths along with booth keepers. The knitting workshop was attended by 12 participants on a portable stage. Taking pictures and videos of products and interviewing exhibitors and knitting workshops broadcast live (live streaming). The event applies the results of Higher Education Leading Research in the form of a portable stage and an inflatable stage roof with independent photovoltaic energy. DOI: https://doi.org/10.26905/abdimas.v5i3.4811

C. Hartzell, Matthew Hoddie, D. Rothchild

Jianhua Yin, W. Feng

M. Almeida, I. Hosseinpour, M. Riccio et al.

S. Ortman, A. Cabaniss, J. Sturm et al.

Cities are increasingly the fundamental socio-economic units of human societies worldwide, but we still lack a unified characterization of urbanization that captures the social processes realized by cities across time and space. This is especially important for understanding the role of cities in the history of human civilization and for determining whether studies of ancient cities are relevant for contemporary science and policy. As a step in this direction, we develop a theory of settlement scaling in archaeology, deriving the relationship between population and settled area from a consideration of the interplay between social and infrastructural networks. We then test these models on settlement data from the Pre-Hispanic Basin of Mexico to show that this ancient settlement system displays spatial scaling properties analogous to those observed in modern cities. Our data derive from over 1,500 settlements occupied over two millennia and spanning four major cultural periods characterized by different levels of agricultural productivity, political centralization and market development. We show that, in agreement with theory, total settlement area increases with population size, on average, according to a scale invariant relation with an exponent in the range . As a consequence, we are able to infer aggregate socio-economic properties of ancient societies from archaeological measures of settlement organization. Our findings, from an urban settlement system that evolved independently from its old-world counterparts, suggest that principles of settlement organization are very general and may apply to the entire range of human history.

S. Ortman, A. Cabaniss, J. Sturm et al.

Ancient Mesoamerican settlements obey the same scaling laws as modern cities despite vast differences in economy, technology and political organization. A key property of modern cities is increasing returns to scale—the finding that many socioeconomic outputs increase more rapidly than their population size. Recent theoretical work proposes that this phenomenon is the result of general network effects typical of human social networks embedded in space and, thus, is not necessarily limited to modern settlements. We examine the extent to which increasing returns are apparent in archaeological settlement data from the pre-Hispanic Basin of Mexico. We review previous work on the quantitative relationship between population size and average settled area in this society and then present a general analysis of their patterns of monument construction and house sizes. Estimated scaling parameter values and residual statistics support the hypothesis that increasing returns to scale characterized various forms of socioeconomic production available in the archaeological record and are found to be consistent with key expectations from settlement scaling theory. As a consequence, these results provide evidence that the essential processes that lead to increasing returns in contemporary cities may have characterized human settlements throughout history, and demonstrate that increasing returns do not require modern forms of political or economic organization.