Hasil untuk "Political institutions and public administration - Asia (Asian studies only)"

Gulmira Sultanbayeva, Daryn Kalibekuly, Ainur Suleimenova et al.

The purpose of this article is to examine how documentaries produced by Kazakh television channels contribute to audience discussions and social discourse on YouTube, with particular attention to issues of culture, history, and politics. In the context of the rapid digitalization of Kazakhstan’s media landscape, television documentaries now circulate widely on YouTube and trigger new forms of social conversation, making the study of their impact on public opinion increasingly relevant. The research is based on a quantitative content analysis of official YouTube channels of Qazaqstan TV and Jibek Joly TV between June 2023 and June 2024. Using VidIQ analytics and official statistical sources, the study measured views, likes, comments, approval, and engagement rates, and classified user comments into thematic categories. The findings show that historical and cultural documentaries generate the highest levels of interaction and often stimulate expressions of national pride, while political documentaries attract significantly fewer responses but remain present due to state policy priorities. Audience behavior differs by age, with older viewers engaging more actively than younger ones, and reciprocity between viewers and content creators was found to be limited. The study concludes that YouTube offers Kazakh television channels an effective platform for extending the impact of documentaries beyond broadcast, fostering civic dialogue, and shaping cultural identity. However, to strengthen engagement, broadcasters need to adapt television content to platform-specific formats, incorporate interactive elements, and develop integrated multimedia strategies that reflect the expectations of diverse audiences.

Dwayne Woods

Abstract This paper explores weaponized interdependence and tipping point dynamics. The United States employs export controls to maintain technological leadership and restrict China's access to essential semiconductor technology. Conversely, China intensifies its investment in the semiconductor sector, aiming for technological independence and lessening its dependence on U.S.-controlled technologies. The paper introduces a Stackelberg nested game model to analyze the strategic interactions between the U.S., China, and Chinese semiconductor companies. A tipping point indicates a departure from a unified global network to a polarized structure of technological spheres led by the U.S. and China. Utilizing Bayesian Q-learning, the paper uncovers that continuous escalations could result in detrimental outcomes, including wasted resources and a split global technology regime. The study underscores the limitations of weaponized interdependence as a long-term strategic tool and calls for a recalibration of strategies to prevent irreversible fragmentation of the global technological landscape.

Alhilal Yusril Hawari, Utang Suwaryo, Dede Sri Kartini

This research is motivated by problems that occurred in Bogor City, there are many unemployment and high level of poverty that happen in 2022,. The drop of human development index in 2020 are being judged to be the most impactful factor that rising the number of unemployment and number of poverty. Bogor government performance being one thing that can be seen to know how the role of government to overcome the problem. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to find out how bogor government work performances to overcome the rise of number unemployment and poverty in Bogor.  In this research, descriptive method with qualitative approach was used. Data collection was obtained through formal and informal interview, and documentation. Informants were determined by purposive sampling in order to achieve the real data by interviewing informant that are responsible to the conditions. This Research used Wasistiono government organizations work performances theory to measure government work performances through some dimensional such as productivity, service quality, responsivity and resposibility. The researcher can conclude that Bogor government work performances are displeasing in terms of productivity, service quality, and responsivity to human development problems.

Manuel Villoria

LAM Peng Er

Notwithstanding their asymmetry in size and power, Singapore and the People’s Republic of China enjoy a “special relationship” based on cultural affinity and close economic interdependency. The city-state was also a model of development for its giant neighbor after the latter abandoned Maoist autarchy and embarked on the road of reform. But their ties are also awkward because Singapore is strategically close to the US superpower which views a rising and rivaling China with suspicion. Singapore’s relations with Beijing may become even more awkward during an uncertain power transition in East Asia amid the bitter Sino-US decoupling over trade, technology, finance and human talent.

Wahdania Suardi, Suswanta Suswanta

This study aims to describe the role of the government-private and role of the government-NGO coalition in Green Open Space Based Urban Governance in Makassar City. This type of research is qualitative, research conducted to systematically search for and compile all data obtained, both interview data, field notes and other data that support research. The results of this study indicate that the confidence of the private / private sector in the city government green open space policy is still low because the government's political will problem is that it does not involve all components in the private sector. One of the strategies is optimizing planters in RTR in strategic areas such as in the Untia region. The strategy that is pressed on the private sector is segmentation of activities that can increase green open space. Decisions taken by the private or private sector are based on the mission of the organization itself which has environmental concerns as outlined through CSR programs, the program is not intervened by the city government. Although there have been Regional Regulations Number 3 of 2014 concerning the arrangement and management of green open spaces but not yet assessed WALHI has provided significant progress for the addition of RTH in Makassar Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan peran koalisi pemerintah-swasta dan peran koalisi pemerintah-LSM Dalam Tata Kelola Perkotaan Berbasis Ruang Terbuka Hijau (RTH) di Kota Makassar. Jenis penelitian ini adalah kualitatif, penelitian yang dilakukan untuk mencari dan menyusun secara sistematis seluruh data yang diperoleh baik itu data hasil wawancara, catatan lapangan dan data-data lain yang sifatnya menunjang penelitian. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa keyakinan sektor swasta/privat terhadap kebijakan RTH pemerintah kota masih rendah karena persoalan political will dari pemerintah yang kurang melibatkan seluruh komponen pada sektor swasta. Salah satu strateginya adalah optimalisasi penanam pada RTR Kawasan strategis seperti di Kawasan Untia. Strategi yang ditekan pada pihak swasta adalah segmentasi pada kegiatan yang dapat meningkatkan ruang terbuka hijau. Keputusan yang diambil sektor privat atau swasta adalah berdasarkan misi dari organisasi itu sendiri yang memiliki kepedulian terhadap lingkungan yang dituangkan melalui program CSR, program tersebut tidak mendapat intervensi oleh pemerintah kota. Meskipun telah ada Peraturan Daerah Nomor 3 Tahun 2014 tentang penataan dan pengelolaan ruang terbuka hijau namun belum dinilai WALHI memberikan kemajuan berarti bagi penambahan RTH di Kota Makassar

Candra Setya Nugraha

Penentuan kawasan Jatinangor sebagai pusat pendidikan tinggi seharusnya tidak hanya diikuti dengan kebijakan pengaturan kawasan tersebut, tetapi harus juga diikuti dengan kebijakan pengelolaan pelayanan publiknya. Selain memperbaiki pelayanan publik yang sudah ada juga perlu dilakukan inovasi pelayanan publik agar mendukung fungsinya sebagai kawasan pendidikan tinggi Jatinangor.

Tri Widodo W Utomo

Masalah kemiskinan di Negara Berkembang agaknya akan menjadi masalah yang abadi. Meskipun bank dunia telah mencangkan program pengurangan separo jumlah penduduk miskin di dunia hingga 2015. Namun berbagai kesulitan di lapangan membuat pesimis akan keberhasilan program tersebut. Salah asatu masalah utama yang dibahs dalam tulisan ini adalah fakta terjadinya kesenjangan atau ketidakmerataan, terutama antar negara dan antar daerah. Untuk itu disarnkan agar kebijakan pengentasan kemiskinan lebih difokuskan ke desa dengan membangun pertanian yang lebih maju. Di samping itu, program pengembangan SDM dan atau pemberdayaan masyarakat hendaknya juga mendapat prioritas.

Baban Sobandi

Dampak krisis ekonomi yang dialmai Indonesia sejak pertengahan tahun 1997, cukup berpengaruh pada perekonoman daerah Jawa Barat. Ini terlihat dari fluktuatifnya pertumbuhan sektor-sektor. Namun ditingkat Kabupaten/kota beberapa sektor menunjukan prospek pertumbuhan yang cukup baik sebagai sektor unggulan. Penentuan sektor-sektor tersebut sebagai sektor unggulan didasarkan pada kontribusinya pada PDRB,banyaknya tenaga kerja yang terserap dan jumlah kredit yang dialokasikan.

Seon-gyu Go, Mi-ran Lee

The purpose of this paper is to analyze 1) who created and distributed fake news, 2) the distribution channels of fake news, 3) who fake news has targeted, and 4) the effects on voting and the impact of fake news on Korean politics. In South Korea, fake news was mainly created by candidates or election campaigns. The reason is that in the wake of the impeachment of President Park Guen Hye, all the political parties in Korea used fake news as a means of mobilizing supporters for each of their candidates or parties to gain an advantage in situations involving political divisions and confrontations between the pro-impeachment, progressive young generation and anti-impeachment, conservative senior generation. Voters’ media usage patterns were polarized through social network services (SNS) media and television. Fake news was mostly received through these two media outlets. According to the spreading structure of fake news in Korea, the younger generation generally uses SNS posts intended for unspecified individuals, and the older generation uses closed SNS like KakaoTalk or Naver’s BAND. In the end, it is typically characteristic of the older generation to spread fake news through existing offline human networks. In the 2017 presidential election, fake news has been confirmed to have the effect of mobilizing supporters for each political party. In the presidential election, an increase in voter turnout was confirmed among those in their 20s and those in their 60s or older. Evidently, fake news influenced the election of Moon Jae-In. The influence of fake news is expected to grow further as ideological polarization and consequent political polarization continues to intensify in South Korea.

Is Hadri Utomo, Retno Suryawati, Herwan Parwiyanto

The establishment of the Surakarta Complaint Service Unit (ULAS) in 2013 as a non-structural government organization unit that carried out public complaints services. ULAS was formed to improve service quality and ensure the provision of public services in accordance with the principles of good governance, including the realization of public information disclosure in response to complaints from people who are not satisfied with the services they receive. This study examines the effectiveness of ULAS in accepting citizen complaints and the steps of the Surakarta City Government to follow up on these complaints, as well as solutions. All results state the existence of effectiveness, with some special notes on the conditions or variable questions that have answers that do not agree, among others concerning: the target of resolving citizen complaints by ULAS, complaints of citizens against certain problems have not been channeled to more than one OPD, solving problems against Complaints have also not fulfilled the satisfaction and aspirations of citizens, and related infrastructure facilities have not been in line with the development of information technology. Some of these are specific notes regarding the organizational effectiveness of ULAS.

Shang E. Ha

Despite a vast amount of research on the relationship between personality traits and political attitudes, little is known about the effects of personality on individuals' support for the political system of their own country. Using three nationally representative datasets from South Korea, the present study shows that the personality dimensions---particularly, Agreeableness---are positively associated with political support, which encompasses confidence in the presidency, confidence in the government, and national pride. These findings suggest that two facets of Agreeableness---trust and compliance---are activated in expressing individuals' support for their political system. Thus, mobilizing citizens who score high on Agreeableness is essential to maintain political stability and legitimacy, but such a task appears to be difficult, given that ideological polarization discourages them from being politically active due to their propensity to conflict avoidance.

KJELD ERIK BRØDSGAARD, NIS HØYRUP CHRISTENSEN

The 19th Congress of the Communist Party of China was held in Beijing October 18-24 2017. Leading up to the congress there was intense speculation concerning the new line-up of the most important leadership bodies of the CPC: the Politburo and the Politburo Standing Committee. Would the Politburo Standing Committee (PSC) continue to consist of seven members, or would it be expanded to nine members, as was the case during Jiang Zemin's era, or would it instead be reduced to five members, as was the case during the late 1980s? Would unwritten rules such as '68 down, 67 up' be observed? Or would veteran leaders such as Wang Qishan (69) continue to serve on the committee? Would Xi Jinping pack the Politburo and the PSC with his own close allies, or would he try to achieve a factional balance observing the interests of former leaders such as Jiang Zemin and Hu Jintao? There was also much speculation concerning Xi Jinping's status. Would the 'Chairman of Everything' have his name and thought written into the CPC Constitution alongside that of Mao Zedong and Deng Xiaoping and ahead of his two immediate predecessors? Xi Jinping's report to the Party congress was also awaited with much interest. Such a report is usually a long document setting out the Party's priorities and policy objectives for the next five-year period. Would Xi Jinping's report signal new policy initiatives, and would it outline strategic guidelines reaching beyond 2022? This article examines these questions and assesses the future impact of the Party congress on Chinese politics.

Alshamir Bryan B. Aripuddin, Russel M. Indab, Pfotokho Kayina et al.

The study describes the manner in which participation in SPU Manila’s Glee Club is instrumental in the lives of its members. Through a focus group discussion (FGD) involving eight members, the results revealed that the experiences of the students affect the physical, financial, political, and social dimensions of their lives, enabling them to achieve personal goals related to exposure, receive assistance, and develop self-confidence. These benefits result in the satisfaction of most of the members and a desire to continue with the group, provided participation does not get in the way of academic priorities. The study also revealed a desire among students to assert instrumentality in the chorale group as they sought more regular evaluations and frustrations over not being heard by their moderator/s.

Mahdi Khaghani Esfahani

Historical challenging period of political authoritarianism in Iran has affected the criminal policy’s ineffectiveness. Public law and especially criminal policy in its both sources - Shiite jurisprudence and western legal thought - has experienced numerous challenges due to the lack of an active and continuous communication between those resources, and also due to the divergence of a broad range of formal and informal norms. Two other flaws in the traditional Islamic criminal policy are the lack of enough attention to Iranian criminal sociology, and the lack of consistency with contemporary collective wisdom. But the most important problem of the current criminal policy is the unavailability and lack of attention to the need for interdisciplinary teaching and neglecting the role of philosophical, sociological, and especially managerial aspects of criminal policy. Suffice to Fiqhi method is sign of limitation in this traditional flow. Scholars support this process, try to introduce the Islamic criminal policy with just Fatwa method; meanwhile criminal policy is not an arbitration-oriented science, and is a constructive paradigm-based science. This article, after criticizing the level, extent and state of presenting Fiqh in contemporary Iranian criminal policy, points to the capacity of other interpretations of Islam (such as Maqasidi Fiqh) in planning the local criminal policy pattern; and it also shows some commons of Islamic rationality and Western rationality in designing this local theory. Under the hypothesis of this article, the most important factor limiting the freedom and inadmissible resorting to violence in soft layers of subjective and objective approaches to criminal policy, including: theoretical foundations weakness, weak social base to believe in culture of participation in the public sphere, the lack of serious commitment to codify Islamic-Iranian model of progress.

Eric Vincent C. Batalla

As the 2016 elections drew near and the prospects of a Rodrigo Duterte presidency became stronger, there were concerns that the economy might be adversely affected by the expected political volatility under the new regime. Since the start of the campaign season, Duterte had been rocking the establishment through controversial pronouncements and outbursts, attracting the enmity of leaders of the Catholic Church, the United States, and the United Nations. Based on a review of recent political and economic performance, this article argues that unless there are significant changes in the major sources of macroeconomic growth and stability, the Philippine economy would likely withstand the impact of a “Duterte shock.”

Scott Adam Edwards, Felix Heiduk

The Indonesian “haze” that engulfs Southeast Asia is a result of the burning of forests and has a detrimental effect on the health of millions of people. Indonesia is currently the third largest emitter of carbon dioxide in the world. In response to the dangers posed by forest fires to national and global environmental security, the then Indonesian president publicly declared a “war on haze” in 2006 and called for the use of all necessary measures to stop the deliberate setting of fires. Although his strong “securitising” rhetoric received much public support, it is yet to produce results. The Indonesian authorities have had little success in preventing fires or prosecuting the culprits. Indonesia thus appears to be a null case – that is, a case of an unsuccessful securitisation. We argue that this unsuccessful securitisation needs to be understood against the backdrop of Indonesia’s vast decentralisation process, which resulted in certain powers being devolved from Jakarta to the provinces. We find that it is the ability of local and regional elites (often entrenched in patronage networks with plantation owners) to curtail environmental policies which explains the continuation of forest fires. With regard to securitisation theory, our findings suggest that securitising moves and audience acceptance do not necessarily lead to the successful implementation of emergency measures. It appears that there are intermediate factors – in our case mainly linked to the nature of and the distribution of power within the political regime – that impact on the success of securitisation processes.

Patiphol Yodsurang

Since 1795, 106 districts in Japan have been selected as Important Historic Preservation Districts (Juuyo dentouteki kenzoubutsugun hozon chiku [Juudenken]). The system for protection of cultural properties enables the local government to name a "Preservation District" and allows for the development of a preservation plan based on local ordinances. Moreover, the well-organized, bottom-up networks, which are groups for community development activities on the basis of local participation, play an important role in raising awareness and conducting several preservation projects in their own towns. This study mainly focused on cultural resources management in the local community. The system, which possibly bridged the gap between the local authorities and the community, was revealed. Fifty non-profit groups and active citizens, who were engaged in an advanced stage of community participation in Juudenken, were selected to be interviewed. The results then were analyzed using STAT program. The significant associations were shown by mapping the associations related to the public process of community involvement. Each variable had its own significant meaning and contributed credible indirect association to community involvement. The network mapping indicated that balancing the local economy and technical conservation was important in generating community involvement, which provided a model on how local authorities and communities could articulate and maintain their own cultural resources.

Hery Firmansyah

This article examines the effectiveness of networking advocacy system in the eradication of corruption in the local government. The principal argument is that various approaches to combat corruption have not been effective which implies the need for different alternatives. The study intends to determine the role of actors involved in building system advocacy network in supporting anti-corruption movement in local governments, particularly in cases of corruption that involved school textbooks in Slean district. The result of this study indicate that the networking system of advocacy for the eradication of corruption in the region, involving people in power (regent) in this case study is not effective. This can be judged from the handling of the legal process which still very slow. To that end, there is need to take advantage of networking advocacy system to enhance synergy among acors in anti-corruption (public, university student/ university/ NGO’s media) in controlling corruption cases. The main problem in building advocacy networks among actors is the diversity of agenda of different actors as well as lake of consistency and little knowledge in building the networking movement. This study recommends that anti-corruption actors in local government should play a role in “capacity building from within” with the institutions directly related to anti-corruption agenda. More ever, there is also need for “pressure form without” achieved through strengthening of the anti-corruption agenda.

Adam Fforde

Book Review of the Monograph: Thomas Jandl (2013), Vietnam in the Global Economy – The Dynamics of Integration, Decentralization and Contested Politics. Plymouth: Lexington Books, ISBN 978-0-7391-7786-0, 312 pages