This study explores the functional role of 3D printers in original printmaking, a graphic production technique. Traditional methods like linocut, engraving, and intaglio have limited integration with modern digital manufacturing technologies. This research examines how 3D printers can be effectively combined with these techniques. The main goal is to show how 3D printing can be integrated into the printmaking process and what benefits it brings to design and production. The study focuses on converting digitally designed models into physical printing plates via 3D printing, highlighting how this enables the creation of complex surfaces and detailed forms difficult to achieve traditionally. This offers designers both creative freedom and technical advantages. Additionally, the research discusses how digital design and customization of printing plates and stencils improve flexibility, speed, and cost-efficiency in printmaking. Especially in linocut and engraving, the precision, scalability, and detail of 3D printing introduce new production paradigms. In conclusion, the study shows that 3D printers are not only technical tools but also creative elements transforming graphic production in original printmaking, providing artists and designers new opportunities to exceed traditional boundaries and expand artistic expression.
The rapid advance of Generative AI into software development prompts this empirical investigation of perceptual effects on practice. We study the usage patterns of 147 professional developers, examining perceived correlates of AI tools use, the resulting productivity and quality outcomes, and developer readiness for emerging AI-enhanced development. We describe a virtuous adoption cycle where frequent and broad AI tools use are the strongest correlates of both Perceived Productivity (PP) and quality, with frequency strongest. The study finds no perceptual support for the Quality Paradox and shows that PP is positively correlated with Perceived Code Quality (PQ) improvement. Developers thus report both productivity and quality gains. High current usage, breadth of application, frequent use of AI tools for testing, and ease of use correlate strongly with future intended adoption, though security concerns remain a moderate and statistically significant barrier to adoption. Moreover, AI testing tools' adoption lags that of coding tools, opening a Testing Gap. We identify three developer archetypes (Enthusiasts, Pragmatists, Cautious) that align with an innovation diffusion process wherein the virtuous adoption cycle serves as the individual engine of progression. Our findings reveal that organizational adoption of AI tools follows such a process: Enthusiasts push ahead with tools, creating organizational success that converts Pragmatists. The Cautious are held in organizational stasis: without early adopter examples, they don't enter the virtuous adoption cycle, never accumulate the usage frequency that drives intent, and never attain high efficacy. Policy itself does not predict individuals' intent to increase usage but functions as a marker of maturity, formalizing the successful diffusion of adoption by Enthusiasts while acting as a gateway that the Cautious group has yet to reach.
هدف این مطالعه، طراحی رزین آکریلیک کمسمیت برای ساخت جوهر رسانای نقره مورد استفاده در چاپ مدارهای رسانا است. رزین آکریلیک کربوکسیله- هیدروکسیله بر پایه مونومرهای متیل متاکریلات، بوتیل اکریلات، آکریلیک اسید و 2-هیدروکسی اتیل متاکریلات از طریق بسپارش رادیکالی آزاد به صورت محلولی سنتز شد. خصوصیات رزین نظیر دمای گذار شیشهای (Tg) °C 40، عدد اسیدی 8.2، عدد هیدروکسیلی (mgKOH/g) 6/56، با استفاده از آزمون DSC، FTIR و تیتراسیون تأیید گردید. همچنین عدم سمیت ناشی از حضور مونومر آزاد توسط آزمونهای کروماتوگرافی گازی، FTIR و درصد جامد اثبات گردید. جوهرهای رسانا محتوی 52-74 درصد نانوذرات نقره (50-10 نانومتر)، با رزین به دست آمده تولید و با روش اسکرین چاپ شدند. جوهر Ag-59 % محتوی 59 درصد نقره در حالت خشک با داشتن مقاومت الکتریکی (Ω.cm) 7/0، پایداری عالی (بدون جدایش طی 60 روز)، چسبندگی B 5، گرانروی بهینه و دانهبندی زیر 10 میکرون، بهعنوان جوهر بهینه انتخاب شد. نتایج SEM-EDX توزیع یکنواخت نانوذرات نقره در جوهر را تأیید کرد. این رزین آکریلیک میتواند پایهای مؤثر برای تولید جوهر رسانای پایدار و کمسمیت با عملکرد الکتریکی مطلوب جهت جایگزینی قلع باشد.
Robert K. Niven, Laurent Cordier, Ali Mohammad-Djafari
et al.
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Mechanical drawing. Engineering graphics, Physical and theoretical chemistry
Chinese domestic luxury brands (CDLBs) increase in both sales and attention in academic research, due to rise of inconspicuousness consumption. However, there is little research on how cultural authenticity in logo influences on purchase intention of CDLBs. Based on signaling theory and power distance belief, this paper investigates this research gap by taking the cultural authenticity as signalling, inconspicuousness and brand trust as evaluation, and purchase intention as outcome. The study also examines the mediating effect of power distance belief between the inconspicuousness and purchase intention. Across three experiments, the researchers collected survey data from 210 individuals who lived in Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou, Shenzhen and Hangzhou, which are the cities which are ranked as highest luxury consumption cities in China. According to the findings of the study, the impact of cultural authenticity in logo on purchase intention is significant, and this impact is observed both directly and indirectly through the effects of inconspicuousness and brand trust. This study's results offer valuable information on methods to enhance customers' perception of cultural authenticity and increase their intention to purchase for CDLBs.
Dislocations are line defects in crystalline solids and often exert a significant influence on the mechanical properties of metals. Recently, there has been a growing interest in using dislocations in ceramics to enhance materials performance. However, dislocation engineering has frequently been deemed uncommon in ceramics owing to the brittle nature of ceramics. Contradicting this conventional view, various approaches have been used to introduce dislocations into ceramic materials without crack formation, thereby paving the way for controlled ceramics performance. However, the influence of dislocations on functional properties is equally complicated owing to the intricate structure of ceramic materials. Furthermore, despite numerous experiments and simulations investigating dislocation-controlled properties in ceramics, comprehensive reviews summarizing the effects of dislocations on ceramics are still lacking. This review focuses on some representative dislocation-controlled properties of ceramic materials, including mechanical and some key functional properties, such as transport, ferroelectricity, thermal conductivity, and superconducting properties. A brief integration of dislocations in ceramic is anticipated to offer new insights for the advancement of dislocation engineering across various disciplines.
Applications of Large Language Models (LLMs) are rapidly growing in industry and academia for various software engineering (SE) tasks. As these models become more integral to critical processes, ensuring their reliability and trustworthiness becomes essential. Consequently, the concept of trust in these systems is becoming increasingly critical. Well-calibrated trust is important, as excessive trust can lead to security vulnerabilities, and risks, while insufficient trust can hinder innovation. However, the landscape of trust-related concepts in LLMs in SE is relatively unclear, with concepts such as trust, distrust, and trustworthiness lacking clear conceptualizations in the SE community. To bring clarity to the current research status and identify opportunities for future work, we conducted a comprehensive review of $88$ papers: a systematic literature review of $18$ papers focused on LLMs in SE, complemented by an analysis of 70 papers from broader trust literature. Additionally, we conducted a survey study with 25 domain experts to gain insights into practitioners' understanding of trust and identify gaps between existing literature and developers' perceptions. The result of our analysis serves as a roadmap that covers trust-related concepts in LLMs in SE and highlights areas for future exploration.
Synesthetic identities is part of a research study that looks at the landscape as a living organism, mutable and connected to a complex ecosystem of physical and immaterial elements. Starting with well-established theoretical principles, the paper describes an experiment conducted in 2021 using brain-computer interfaces to demonstrate how the visual landscape is not immutable, identical for everyone, and static in time. Instead, it strictly depends on the relationship established with the viewer and the interpolation of a series of variables - sound, colour, and light - that influence perception. The outcome demonstrates how it is necessary to rethink visual landscapes by looking at them as plural, mutable systems, constantly reconfigured by the relationship with the human body, thus opening up new design possibilities in the field of visual design.
This article proposes that key approaches from Translation Studies offer a useful springboard for reflecting on the theme of Design and Unknowns. Presenting a range of working definitions, it frames translation as a generative, creative, and transformative process — a tool for thinking about encounters with otherness, the unknown, and the unknowable. The article focuses on the translation strategies of domestication and foreignization as different ways of engaging with cultural idiosyncrasies. These strategies are illustrated through visual examples from the translation of school science textbooks in post-war Japan, showing how translation shaped narratives around science literacy. It concludes by exploring the notion of untranslatability, highlighting how the creative gap of not-knowing within translation can represent an ethic of engagement with the unknown.
In this historical moment, the controversial reorganisation of the Italian education system is raising the necessity to reflect on the responsibility of education in defining more resilient societies. Primary schools are the first place where children can actively experience the dynamics of democratic coexistence, developing their relationship with society through a process of long-term encounters. Nowadays, students not only need to acquire basic skills but, above all, to address emerging social issues through education in terms of democratic culture, equality, sharing and collaboration. The research investigated how Service Design can activate participatory processes that can foster the co-creation of educational experiences aimed at raising awareness of social coexistence and democratic participation. OpenMind Handbook is a project that facilitates the implementation of new educational experiences and increases social relationships, enabling the involvement of the educational community within a long-term action process.
Ebube Alor, Ahmad Abdellatif, SayedHassan Khatoonabadi
et al.
Software engineering (SE) chatbots are increasingly gaining attention for their role in enhancing development processes. At the core of chatbots are Natural Language Understanding platforms (NLUs), which enable them to comprehend user queries but require labeled data for training. However, acquiring such labeled data for SE chatbots is challenging due to the scarcity of high-quality datasets, as training requires specialized vocabulary and phrases not found in typical language datasets. Consequently, developers often resort to manually annotating user queries -- a time-consuming and resource-intensive process. Previous approaches require human intervention to generate rules, called labeling functions (LFs), that categorize queries based on specific patterns. To address this issue, we propose an approach to automatically generate LFs by extracting patterns from labeled user queries. We evaluate our approach on four SE datasets and measure performance improvement from training NLUs on queries labeled by the generated LFs. The generated LFs effectively label data with AUC scores up to 85.3% and NLU performance improvements up to 27.2%. Furthermore, our results show that the number of LFs affects labeling performance. We believe that our approach can save time and resources in labeling users' queries, allowing practitioners to focus on core chatbot functionalities rather than manually labeling queries.
Jialiang Wei, Anne-Lise Courbis, Thomas Lambolais
et al.
Graphical User Interfaces (GUIs) are central to app development projects. App developers may use the GUIs of other apps as a means of requirements refinement and rapid prototyping or as a source of inspiration for designing and improving their own apps. Recent research has thus suggested retrieving relevant GUI designs that match a certain text query from screenshot datasets acquired through crowdsourced or automated exploration of GUIs. However, such text-to-GUI retrieval approaches only leverage the textual information of the GUI elements, neglecting visual information such as icons or background images. In addition, retrieved screenshots are not steered by app developers and lack app features that require particular input data. To overcome these limitations, this paper proposes GUing, a GUI search engine based on a vision-language model called GUIClip, which we trained specifically for the problem of designing app GUIs. For this, we first collected from Google Play app introduction images which display the most representative screenshots and are often captioned (i.e.~labelled) by app vendors. Then, we developed an automated pipeline to classify, crop, and extract the captions from these images. This resulted in a large dataset which we share with this paper: including 303k app screenshots, out of which 135k have captions. We used this dataset to train a novel vision-language model, which is, to the best of our knowledge, the first of its kind for GUI retrieval. We evaluated our approach on various datasets from related work and in a manual experiment. The results demonstrate that our model outperforms previous approaches in text-to-GUI retrieval achieving a Recall@10 of up to 0.69 and a HIT@10 of 0.91. We also explored the performance of GUIClip for other GUI tasks including GUI classification and sketch-to-GUI retrieval with encouraging results.
The recent Planck Legacy 2018 release verified the presence of an enhanced lensing amplitude in the power spectra of the cosmic microwave background with a confidence level of over 99%, which implies that the early Universe had a positive curvature. In this study, the curvature of the early Universe is regarded as the curvature of 4D conformal bulk while celestial objects that induce a localized curvature in the bulk are considered as 4D relativistic cloud-worlds. Likewise, quantum fields are considered as 4D relativistic quantum clouds that are affected by the curvature of the bulk as a manifestation of gravity. This approach could eliminate the singularities and satisfy the conditions of a conformal invariance theory.
Mechanical drawing. Engineering graphics, Physical and theoretical chemistry
Elizabeth Bjarnason, Mirko Morandini, Markus Borg
et al.
The RET (Requirements Engineering and Testing) workshop series provides a meeting point for researchers and practitioners from the two separate fields of Requirements Engineering (RE) and Testing. The goal is to improve the connection and alignment of these two areas through an exchange of ideas, challenges, practices, experiences and results. The long term aim is to build a community and a body of knowledge within the intersection of RE and Testing, i.e. RET. The 2nd workshop was held in co-location with ICSE 2015 in Florence, Italy. The workshop continued in the same interactive vein as the 1st one and included a keynote, paper presentations with ample time for discussions, and a group exercise. For true impact and relevance this cross-cutting area requires contribution from both RE and Testing, and from both researchers and practitioners. A range of papers were presented from short experience papers to full research papers that cover connections between the two fields. One of the main outputs of the 2nd workshop was a categorization of the presented workshop papers according to an initial definition of the area of RET which identifies the aspects RE, Testing and coordination effect.