Hasil untuk "Manufactures"

L. Roseti, Valentina Parisi, M. Petretta et al.

J. Lewandowski, M. Seifi

R. Truby, J. Lewis

Duyao Zhang, D. Qiu, M. Gibson et al.

F. Bos, R. Wolfs, Z. Ahmed et al.

ABSTRACT Additive manufacturing is gaining ground in the construction industry. The potential to improve on current construction methods is significant. One of such methods being explored currently, both in academia and in construction practice, is the additive manufacturing of concrete (AMoC). Albeit a steadily growing number of researchers and private enterprises active in this field, AMoC is still in its infancy. Different variants in this family of manufacturing methods are being developed and improved continuously. Fundamental scientific understanding of the relations between design, material, process, and product is being explored. The collective body of work in that area is still very limited. After sketching the potential of AMoC for construction, this paper introduces the variants of AMoC under development around the globe and goes on to describe one of these in detail, the 3D Concrete Printing (3DCP) facility of the Eindhoven University of Technology. It is compared to other AMoC methods as well as to 3D printing in general. Subsequently, the paper will address the characteristics of 3DCP product geometry and structure, and discuss issues on parameter relations and experimental research. Finally, it will present the primary obstacles that stand between the potential of 3DCP and large-scale application in practice, and discuss the expected evolution of AMoC in general.

D. Ding, Z. Pan, D. Cuiuri et al.

Brett E. Kelly, Indrasen Bhattacharya, H. Heidari et al.

Fabrication goes for a quick spin Most 3D printing techniques involve adding material layer by layer. This sets some limitations on the types of applications for which 3D printing is suitable, such as printing around a preexisting object. Kelly et al. present a different method for manufacturing by rotating a photopolymer in a dynamically evolving light field (see the Perspective by Hart and Rao). This allowed them to print entire complex objects through one complete revolution, circumventing the need for layering. The method may be particularly useful for high-viscosity photopolymers and multimaterial fabrication. Science, this issue p. 1075; see also p. 1042 Exposing a rotating photopolymer to a dynamically evolving light pattern achieves 3D printing without layer-by-layer assembly. Additive manufacturing promises enormous geometrical freedom and the potential to combine materials for complex functions. The speed, geometry, and surface quality limitations of additive processes are linked to their reliance on material layering. We demonstrated concurrent printing of all points within a three-dimensional object by illuminating a rotating volume of photosensitive material with a dynamically evolving light pattern. We printed features as small as 0.3 millimeters in engineering acrylate polymers and printed soft structures with exceptionally smooth surfaces into a gelatin methacrylate hydrogel. Our process enables us to construct components that encase other preexisting solid objects, allowing for multimaterial fabrication. We developed models to describe speed and spatial resolution capabilities and demonstrated printing times of 30 to 120 seconds for diverse centimeter-scale objects.

A. Kusiak

Manufacturing has evolved and become more automated, computerised and complex. In this paper, the origin, current status and the future developments in manufacturing are discussed. Smart manufacturing is an emerging form of production integrating manufacturing assets of today and tomorrow with sensors, computing platforms, communication technology, control, simulation, data intensive modelling and predictive engineering. It utilises the concepts of cyber-physical systems spearheaded by the internet of things, cloud computing, service-oriented computing, artificial intelligence and data science. Once implemented, these concepts and technologies would make smart manufacturing the hallmark of the next industrial revolution. The essence of smart manufacturing is captured in six pillars, manufacturing technology and processes, materials, data, predictive engineering, sustainability and resource sharing and networking. Material handling and supply chains have been an integral part of manufacturing. The anticipated developments in material handling and transportation and their integration with manufacturing driven by sustainability, shared services and service quality and are outlined. The future trends in smart manufacturing are captured in ten conjectures ranging from manufacturing digitisation and material-product-process phenomenon to enterprise dichotomy and standardisation.

Y. Lakhdar, C. Tuck, J. Binner et al.

Abstract Additive manufacturing (AM) has the potential to disrupt the ceramic industry by offering new opportunities to manufacture advanced ceramic components without the need for expensive tooling, thereby reducing production costs and lead times and increasing design freedom. Whilst the development and implementation of AM technologies in the ceramic industry has been slower than in the polymer and metal industries, there is now considerable interest in developing AM processes capable of producing defect-free, fully dense ceramic components. A large variety of AM technologies can be used to shape ceramics, but variable results have been obtained so far. Selecting the correct AM process for a given application not only depends on the requirements in terms of density, surface finish, size and geometrical complexity of the part, but also on the nature of the particular ceramic to be processed. This paper provides a detailed review of the current state-of-the-art in AM of advanced ceramics through a systematic evaluation of the capabilities of each AM technology, with an emphasis on reported results in terms of final density, surface finish and mechanical properties. An in-depth analysis of the opportunities, issues, advantages and limitations arising when processing advanced ceramics with each AM technology is also provided.

U. M. Dilberoglu, B. Gharehpapagh, U. Yaman et al.

Abstract The latest industrial revolution, Industry 4.0, is encouraging the integration of intelligent production systems and advanced information technologies. Additive manufacturing (AM) is considered to be an essential ingredient in this new movement. In this paper, a comprehensive review on AM technologies is presented together with both its contributions to Industry 4.0. The review focusses on three important aspects of AM: recent advances on material science, process development, and enhancements on design consideration. The main objective of the paper is to classify the current knowledge (and technological trends) on AM and to highlight its potential uses.

Adam Sanders, C. Elangeswaran, J. Wulfsberg

Purpose: Lean Manufacturing is widely regarded as a potential methodology to improve productivity and decrease costs in manufacturing organisations. The success of lean manufacturing demands consistent and conscious efforts from the organisation, and has to overcome several hindrances. Industry 4.0 makes a factory smart by applying advanced information and communication systems and future-oriented technologies. This paper analyses the incompletely perceived link between Industry 4.0 and lean manufacturing, and investigates whether Industry 4.0 is capable of implementing lean. Executing Industry 4.0 is a cost-intensive operation, and is met with reluctance from several manufacturers. This research also provides an important insight into manufacturers’ dilemma as to whether they can commit into Industry 4.0, considering the investment required and unperceived benefits. Design/methodology/approach: Lean manufacturing is first defined and different dimensions of lean are presented. Then Industry 4.0 is defined followed by representing its current status in Germany. The barriers for implementation of lean are analysed from the perspective of integration of resources. Literatures associated with Industry 4.0 are studied and suitable solution principles are identified to solve the abovementioned barriers of implementing lean. Findings: It is identified that researches and publications in the field of Industry 4.0 held answers to overcome the barriers of implementation of lean manufacturing. These potential solution principles prove the hypothesis that Industry 4.0 is indeed capable of implementing lean. It uncovers the fact that committing into Industry 4.0 makes a factory lean besides being smart. Originality/value: Individual researches have been done in various technologies allied with Industry 4.0, but the potential to execute lean manufacturing was not completely perceived. This paper bridges the gap between these two realms, and identifies exactly which aspects of Industry 4.0 contribute towards respective dimensions of lean manufacturing.

M. Benedetti, A. D. Plessis, R. Ritchie et al.

Abstract Additive manufacturing of industrially-relevant high-performance parts and products is today a reality, especially for metal additive manufacturing technologies. The design complexity that is now possible makes it particularly useful to improve product performance in a variety of applications. Metal additive manufacturing is especially well matured and is being used for production of end-use mission-critical parts. The next level of this development includes the use of intentionally designed porous metals - architected cellular or lattice structures. Cellular structures can be designed or tailored for specific mechanical or other performance characteristics and have numerous advantages due to their large surface area, low mass, regular repeated structure and open interconnected pore spaces. This is considered particularly useful for medical implants and for lightweight automotive and aerospace components, which are the main industry drivers at present. Architected cellular structures behave similar to open cell foams, which have found many other industrial applications to date, such as sandwich panels for impact absorption, radiators for thermal management, filters or catalyst materials, sound insulation, amongst others. The advantage of additively manufactured cellular structures is the precise control of the micro-architecture which becomes possible. The huge potential of these porous architected cellular materials manufactured by additive manufacturing is currently limited by concerns over their structural integrity. This is a valid concern, when considering the complexity of the manufacturing process, and the only recent maturation of metal additive manufacturing technologies. Many potential manufacturing errors can occur, which have so far resulted in a widely disparate set of results in the literature for these types of structures, with especially poor fatigue properties often found. These have improved over the years, matching the maturation and improvement of the metal additive manufacturing processes. As the causes of errors and effects of these on mechanical properties are now better understood, many of the underlying issues can be removed or mitigated. This makes additively manufactured cellular structures a highly valid option for disruptive new and improved industrial products. This review paper discusses the progress to date in the improvement of the fatigue performance of cellular structures manufactured by additive manufacturing, especially metal-based, providing insights and a glimpse to the future for fatigue-tolerant additively manufactured architected cellular materials.

C. Cimino, Elisa Negri, L. Fumagalli

Abstract In the Industry 4.0 era, the Digital Twin (DT), virtual copies of the system that are able to interact with the physical counterparts in a bi-directional way, seem to be promising enablers to replicate production systems in real time and analyse them. A DT should be capable to guarantee well-defined services to support various activities such as monitoring, maintenance, management, optimization and safety. Through an analysis of the current picture of manufacturing and a literature review about the already existing DT environment, this paper identifies what is still missing in the implemented DT to be compliant to their description in literature. Particular focuses of this paper are the degree of integration of the proposed DT with the control of the physical system, in particular with the Manufacturing Execution Systems (MES) when the production system is based on the Automation Pyramid, and the services offered from these environments, comparing them to the reference ones. This paper proposes also a practical implementation of a DT in a MES equipped assembly laboratory line of the School of Management of the Politecnico di Milano. The application has been created to pose the basis to overcome the missing implementation aspects found in literature. In such a way, the developed DT paves the way for future research to close the loop between the MES and the DT taking into consideration the number of services that a DT could offer in a single environment.

Fabian Hecklau, M. Galeitzke, Sebastian Flachs et al.

Abstract To cope with knowledge and competence challenges related to new technologies and processes of Industry 4.0 new strategic approaches for holistic human resource management are needed in manufacturing companies. Due to the continuous automation of simple manufacturing processes, the number of workspaces with a high level of complexity will increase, which results in the need of high level of education of the staff. The challenge is to qualify employees to shift their capacities to workspaces with more complex processes and ensure the retention of jobs in changing working environments. A strategic approach for employee qualification is described in this contribution.

Alican Dogan, Derya Birant

Abstract Manufacturing organizations need to use different kinds of techniques and tools in order to fulfill their foundation goals. In this aspect, using machine learning (ML) and data mining (DM) techniques and tools could be very helpful for dealing with challenges in manufacturing. Therefore, in this paper, a comprehensive literature review is presented to provide an overview of how machine learning techniques can be applied to realize manufacturing mechanisms with intelligent actions. Furthermore, it points to several significant research questions that are unanswered in the recent literature having the same target. Our survey aims to provide researchers with a solid understanding of the main approaches and algorithms used to improve manufacturing processes over the past two decades. It presents the previous ML studies and recent advances in manufacturing by grouping them under four main subjects: scheduling, monitoring, quality, and failure. It comprehensively discusses existing solutions in manufacturing according to various aspects, including tasks (i.e., clustering, classification, regression), algorithms (i.e., support vector machine, neural network), learning types (i.e., ensemble learning, deep learning), and performance metrics (i.e., accuracy, mean absolute error). Furthermore, the main steps of knowledge discovery in databases (KDD) process to be followed in manufacturing applications are explained in detail. In addition, some statistics about the current state are also given from different perspectives. Besides, it explains the advantages of using machine learning techniques in manufacturing, expresses the ways to overcome certain challenges, and offers some possible further research directions.

Guo Liu, Xiaofeng Zhang, Xuliang Chen et al.

Abstract Additive manufacturing (AM), also known as three-dimensional (3D) printing, has boomed over the last 30 years, and its use has accelerated during the last 5 years. AM is a materials-oriented manufacturing technology, and printing resolution versus printing scalability/speed trade-off exists among various types of materials, including polymers, metals, ceramics, glasses, and composite materials. Four-dimensional (4D) printing, together with versatile transformation systems, drives researchers to achieve and utilize high dimensional AM. Multiple perspectives of the AM of structural materials have been raised and illustrated in this review, including multi-material AM (MMa-AM), multi-modulus AM (MMo-AM), multi-scale AM (MSc-AM), multi-system AM (MSy-AM), multi-dimensional AM (MD-AM), and multi-function AM (MF-AM). The rapid and tremendous development of AM materials and methods offers great potential for structural applications, such as in the aerospace field, the biomedical field, electronic devices, nuclear industry, flexible and wearable devices, soft sensors, actuators, and robotics, jewelry and art decorations, land transportation, underwater devices, and porous structures.

Marko Kohtamäki, V. Parida, Pankaj C. Patel et al.

Abstract The present study investigates the effect of the interaction between digitalization and servitization on the financial performance of manufacturing companies. We challenge the simple linear assumption between digitalization and financial performance with a sample of 131 manufacturing firms and hypothesize a nonlinear U-shaped interaction effect between digitalization and servitization on financial performance. From low to moderate levels of digitalization, the interaction effect between digitalization and high servitization on company financial performance is negative and significant. From moderate to high levels of digitalization, the interplay between digitalization and high servitization becomes positive and significant, improving companies’ financial performance. The results demonstrate the need for an effective interplay between digitalization and servitization, the digital servitization. Without this interplay, a manufacturing company may face the paradox of digitalization. For managers of manufacturing companies, the study provides insights into the complex relationship between digitalization and financial performance, emphasizing the value of servitization in driving financial performance from digitalization. Thus, the study demonstrates how manufacturing companies can become data-driven by advancing servitization.

Sachin S. Kamble, A. Gunasekaran, Neelkanth C. Dhone

The current literature claims the direct effects of industry 4.0 technologies (I4 T) on lean manufacturing practices (LMP) and sustainable organisational performance (SOP). LMP are also found to have a positive influence on SOP. However, the integrated effect of I4 T and LMP on SOP has not been empirically investigated. To address this gap, this research study investigates the indirect effects of I4 T on SOP with LMP as the mediating variable; furthermore, it aims to confirm or not the direct effects of I4 T on LMP and SOP. The study is based on data collected from 205 managers, working in 115 manufacturing firms. The findings suggest significant direct and indirect effects of I4 T on SOP and confirm the presence of LMP as a strong mediating variable. The results of the study extend the literature on I4 T by identifying I4 T as an enabler of LMP, leading to enhancement of the SOP. Implications and future research directions for academicians, practitioners, and consultants are provided.

D. Mourtzis

As the industrial requirements change at a rapid pace due to the drastic evolution of technology, the necessity of quickly investigating potential system alternatives towards a more efficient manufacturing system design arises more intensely than ever. Manufacturing systems simulation has proven to be a powerful tool for designing and evaluating a manufacturing system due to its low cost, quick analysis, low risk and meaningful insight that it may provide, improving thus the understanding of the influence of each component. Simulation comprises an indispensable set of IT tools and methods for the successful implementation of digital manufacturing. It allows experimentation and validation of product, process, and system design and configuration. This paper investigates the major historical milestones in the evolution of manufacturing systems simulation technologies and examines recent industrial and research approaches in key fields of manufacturing. It describes how the urge towards digitalisation of manufacturing in the context of the 4th Industrial revolution has shaped simulation in the design and operation of manufacturing systems and reviews the new approaches that have arisen in the literature. Particular focus is given to technologies in the digitalised factories of the future that are gaining ground in industrial applications simulation, offering multiple advantages.

Francisco Almada-Lobo

Industry 4.0 dictates the end of traditional centralized applications for production control. Its vision of ecosystems of smart factories with intelligent and autonomous shop-floor entities is inherently decentralized. Responding to customer demands for tailored products, these plants fueled by technology enablers such as 3D printing, Internet of Things, Cloud computing, Mobile Devices and Big Data, among others create a totally new environment. The manufacturing systems of the future, including manufacturing execution systems (MES) will have to be built to support this paradigm shift.