Dr. Jekatyerina Dunajeva received her PhD at the University of Oregon. In her dissertation, she examined how schooling affected Roma identity formation over time in Hungary and Russia. Dr. Dunajeva’s research has been published in several book chapters and peer-reviewed journals. Her fields of research are Roma, political and ethnic identity, youth politics, and stateand nation-building. In addition to teaching at Pázmány Péter Catholic University, Dr. Dunajeva collaborates with international research groups, working as a consultant and political analyst. Book review by
Réka Dobozi, Zoltán Péter Jákói, Sándor Beszédes
et al.
In whey valorization, membrane separation stands out as a highly effective technique for purifying and isolating the various components of whey. The efficiency of whey ultrafiltration and diafiltration (UF/DF) largely depends on the balance between membrane selectivity, hydrodynamic conditions, and solute interactions at the membrane interface. In this study, sweet whey was fractioned using 10, 30 and 50 kDa polyether sulfone (PES) membranes under identical transmembrane pressure (TMP = 2.5 bar) with ultrafiltration and a subsequent 4-step constant volume diafiltration stages. The resulting compositional and dielectric changes were evaluated to identify optimal separation conditions and assess the applicability of dielectric parameter measurement as a rapid, non-destructive monitoring technique. Results showed that, regardless of the applied molecular weight cut-off (MWCO), using three DF cycles can wash out almost all the removable lactose from the retentates, and the dielectric assessment of both permeate and retentate fractions showed a strong, linear relationship between the change in dielectric behavior and the composition of each fraction. Analysis of the dielectric spectra confirmed that the ratio of the dielectric constant to the loss factor (<i>ε</i>′/<i>ε</i>″) exhibited a strong linear correlation (R<sup>2</sup> > 0.98, r > 0.99) with lactose concentration in the permeate fractions of all three MWCO membranes, as well as a similarly strong correlation (R<sup>2</sup> > 0.975, r > 0.98) with the total chemical oxygen demand (TCOD) measured in the retentate fractions.
Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering, Chemical technology
Josipa Martinović, Rita Ambrus, Mirela Planinić
et al.
Spray-drying is a common technique for the microencapsulation of bioactive compounds, which is crucial for improving their stability and bioavailability. In this study, the encapsulation efficiency (EE), physicochemical properties and in vitro bioaccessibility of phenolic compounds from spray-dried encapsulated phenol-rich extracts of grape pomace, a winery waste, were evaluated. Sodium alginate alone (SA) or in a mixture with gum Arabic (SA-GA) or gelatin (SA-GEL) was used as a coating. SA-GEL achieved the highest EE (95.90–98.01%) and outperformed the intestinal release of phenolics by achieving a bioaccessibility index (BI) for total phenolic compounds of 37.8–96.2%. The release mechanism of phenolics from the microcapsules adhered to Fickian diffusion. Encapsulation significantly improved the BI of individual phenolics, with the highest BI values for gallocatechin gallate (2028.7%), epicatechin gallate (476.4%) and o-coumaric acid (464.2%) obtained from the SA-GEL microcapsules. Structural analysis confirmed amorphous matrices in all systems, which improved solubility and stability. These results suggest that encapsulation by spray-drying effectively protects phenolics during digestion and ensures efficient release in the intestine, which improves bioaccessibility. This study contributes to the understanding of biopolymer-based encapsulation systems, but also to the valorisation of grape pomace as a high-value functional ingredient in sustainable food processing.
Erik W. Baars, Petra Weiermayer, Henrik P. Szőke
et al.
<b>Background/Objectives</b>: Given the magnitude and urgency of the global antimicrobial resistance (AMR) problem and the insufficiency of strategies to reduce antimicrobial use, there is a need for novel strategies. Traditional, Complementary, and Integrative Healthcare (TCIH) provides strategies and solutions that contribute to reducing (inappropriate) antimicrobial use, preventing or treating infections in both human and veterinary medicine, and may contribute to promoting the health/resilience of humans and animals and reducing AMR. The aims of this study were to present the core results of a global TCIH research agenda for AMR and its added value to two existing global AMR research agendas published in 2023. <b>Methods</b>: A survey, interviews, and consensus meetings among network members, as an adapted version of the nominal group technique, were executed to develop the global TCIH research agenda. A comparison of the global TCIH research agenda with the two existing global AMR research agendas was performed. The TCIH additions to these two existing global AMR research agendas were determined. <b>Results</b>: The global TCIH research agenda adds to 19 of 40 research priorities of the World Health Organization (WHO) AMR research agenda 2023 and three of the five pillars of the WHO/Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO)/United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP)/World Organisation for Animal Health (WOAH) research agenda 2023. In addition, the TCIH research agenda adds two new research themes with four new research priorities and three new research priorities to already existing themes of the two global AMR research agendas. <b>Conclusions</b>: The global TCIH research agenda fits with and adds to two global AMR research agendas and can be used as an additional strategy to reduce AMR and (inappropriate) use of antibiotics.
Zhijian Zhang, Franziska Böwer, Shinichiro Komaki
et al.
Summary: Kinetochores are essential for chromosome segregation in eukaryotes. An important component of kinetochores in opisthokonta is Csm1. However, its function appears to be diversified and, while Csm1 in budding yeast is a component of the monopolin complex mediating mono-orientation of sister kinetochores during meiosis I, the fission yeast homolog Pcs1 prevents merotelic spindle microtubule attachments during mitosis and meiosis II. Here, we have characterized TITAN9 (TTN9), a distantly related Csm1-like protein in the flowering plant Arabidopsis. TTN9 accumulates in mitotic and meiotic tissue and localizes to centromeres throughout the cell cycle. By analyzing proteome-wide TTN9 associated proteins, we identified a substantial subset of the Arabidopsis kinetochore proteome, including DSN1, mirroring known Csm1 interactions in yeast. While homozygous ttn9 mutants are not viable, a meiosis-specific knock-down of TTN9 causes chromosome segregation defects and split centromeres during meiosis I. These findings suggest that Csm1-like proteins contribute to conserved kinetochore functions across eukaryotes.
A Covid-járvány rávilágított arra, hogy az egészségügyi ellátórendszer önmagában kevés a nagyobb populációt érintő pandémia leküzdésében. Szükség van az orvosi-egészségügyi aktivitáson túl a nevelési alrendszert érintő, az abban jelenlévő szakemberek edukációs tevékenységére is. Éppen ezért is fontos jelen korunk járványait átélve történeti aspektusból is megvizsgálni az iskolai egészség-edukáció témáját. Az I. világháborút követő turbulens társadalmi és politikai közegben a népegészségügy kevésbé preferált területe volt a szakpolitika ágenseinek, miközben a háborúból hazatért katonák testi és lelki traumája, a hátországban maradottak egészségi állapota komoly problémaként jelentkezett. A virulens spanyolnátha, mely Európa-szerte családok milliót tette érintetté, a hazánkban is pusztító tuberkulózis, de különösen a gyerekekre veszélyes diftéria, influenza komoly kihívás elé állította a hazai tudományos és nevelési szcénát. Az egészséges életmód terjedését, az edukációt az iskolák közege (fenntartói attitűd, épített környezet minősége, tanyai, falusi lakosság szociokulturális hagyománya, a városi életmód gyors terjedése) sem segítette. Az alternatív egészségszemlélet, az életreform mozgalom ugyan sporadikusan felsejlik a korszakban, de a pedagógia fősodrában nem jelent meg, az egészséghez kapcsolódó edukáció lassan haladt, miközben például a gyermekhalandóság, mely a szülők egészségtudatos magatartásához is kapcsolódik, kirívóan magas volt. Klebelsberg Kuno miniszteri megbízása (1922) paradigmaváltásnak tekinthető, hiszen személye nem-csak jelentős államigazgatási tapasztalattal rendelkező miniszterként exponálódik, hanem koncepcióalkotó kultúrpolitikusként is, aki mikro és makro szinten értette az oktatást, a népoktatást érintő kihívásokat. Kutatásunk során a Néptanítók Lapja - mely a Vallás- és Közoktatásügyi Minisztérium normaképző, a praxisban lévő tanítók számára sorvezetőként szolgáló orgánum - érintett lapszámait elemeztük kvalitatív tematikus tartalomelemzés módszerével. A kiválasztott időszak 1922–1924. Kérdéseink: hogyan jelenik meg a szaklapban az iskolai egészségügy helyzete? Milyen szerepet és feladatot delegálnak, delegálnának a szakpolitika vezetői a néptanítók számára? Milyen iskolán kívüli feladatokat szánnak a tanítók számára az egészség-edukáció tárgyában? Látható-e mintázat a diskurzusban az iskolafenntartók vonatkozásában? A tanítószervezetek hogyan fogadták, milyen javaslatokat fogalmaztak meg a szakpolitika, illetve a praxisban tevékenykedők számára?
Agatha POPESCU, Toma Adrian DINU, Elena STOIAN
et al.
The paper analyzed the number of beehives and honey production at the global level and in the European Union as well as the main problems honey bees are facing nowadays and how they could be solved. The statistical data for the period 2000-2022 provided by FAOStat, Knoema, Eurostat and other official data bases have been processed using fixed basis and structural indices, trend regression equations (linear and polynomial), R square, descriptive statistics, regression analysis, correlation coefficient, comparison method. Compared to 58.8 million beehives in the world in the year 2000, in 2022 their number reached 102 million (+76.3%). The share of beehives by continent is: Asia 44.6%, Europe 24.7%, Africa 17.7%, Americas 11.4% and Oceania 1.4%. The highest number of bee hives is in India, China Mainland, Turkey, Iran (Islamic Rep.), Ethiopia, Russian Federation, Argentina, Tanzania (U. Rep.), USA and Mexico. In 2022, the EU had 20.27 million beehives, meaning +19.44% versus 2016. The largest number of bee hives in the EU is in Spain, Romania, Greece, Poland, Italy, France, Hungary, Germany, Bulgaria and Czechia. From 1.25 million tons in the year 2000, the global honey production reached 1.83 million tons in 2022 (+45.8%). The regression equation: y = 0.0148 x + 0.4064 shows that an increase by one million beehives will determine a growth by 0.0148 million tons of honey at the global level. From the peak of 22.5 kg honey per bee hives in the year 2005, in 2022, it was registered 17.9 kg at the global level. Honey production by continent in 2022 was: Asia 48.2%, Europe 22.8%, Americas 18.5%, Africa 8.5% and Oceania 2%. In 2022, the top 10 honey producing countries at the global level were: China, EU-27, Turkey, Iran (Islamic Rep.), India, Argentina, Russian Federation, Mexico, Ukraine and Brazil, all together representing 73.6% of the world honey production. In 2014, the EU produced 235 thousand tons honey and in 2022 it achieved 286 thousand tons ( +21.7%). The top honey producing countries are Germany, France, Romania, Spain, Hungary, Italy, Poland, Greece, Bulgaria and Portugal. A bee hives produces 21 kg honey in average, but there are EU countries with higher yields: Finland, Germany, Belgium, Denmark, Estonia, Austria, Italy, Lithuania, Latvia and France. To solve the crisis of biodiversity, pollution and climate change, specific recommendations are destined to improve the ratio between the managed honey bees and wild bees so that the wild bees to have access to flowering sources, to benefit of a suitable habitat to live and reproduce and biodiversity not to suffer. Special measures have to be taken in the cities so that the balance between honey and wild bees to be preserved and the residents and tourists not to be affected. Severe cleaning and hygiene in the apiary, avoiding bees imports, making treatments based on organic medicines could avoid diseases and pests. Farmers have to avoid the use of Neonicotinoids pesticides to help apiculturists not to have bees losses. Beekeeping technology must be adapted to the local conditions and weather alerts, assuring flowering sources, bees reproduction and food storage, as the bee families to pass easier over the winter. An intensified consultancy service, investments in new technologies, a balanced transhumance, more effective marketing actions could increase honey production and quality and stimulate consumption in the EU.
Cél: A rohamos ütemű technológiai fejlődés és annak következményei a jog világát, így a büntető igazságszolgáltatást is új kihívások elé állítják. A büntetőeljárásban a digitalizáció megkerülhetetlen a modern, hatékony igazságszolgáltatás iránti társadalmi igény szempontjából, ugyanakkor arra is megoldást kell találnunk, hogy az információs technológiák térnyerésére adott válasz miként egyeztethető össze a tisztességes eljárást biztosító garanciális szabályokkal. Jelen tanulmányban a digitális technológiák és a büntetőeljárás egyes alapelveinek összefüggéseire kíván rávilágítani a szerző, különös tekintettel a bizonyításra, ahol az olyan követelmények, mint a közvetlenség elve az utóbbi években némileg talán háttérbe szorultak az eljárás időszerűségének javára.
Módszertan: A digitalizáció a jog számára is új kihívásokat teremt. A jogtudomány egyes sarkalatos kérdéseknek jogágtól függetlenül különös figyelmet szentel; a teljesség igénye nélkül ilyenek különösen az úgynevezett Big Data formában történő tömeges adatelemzés, a közösségi platformokon zajló kommunikáció, az adatbiztonság és magánszféra védelme, a kriptovaluták, s végül,
de nem utolsó sorban a mesterséges intelligencia kérdésköre. A szerző tanulmányában a témát feldolgozó jogirodalmi munkák megállapításaira építve törekszik levonni következtetéseit, figyelemmel az elmúlt évtizedekben megalkotott, és a jövőben várhatóan lefektetésre kerülő releváns jogi aktusokra, jogalkalmazói gyakorlatra.
Megállapítások: A digitalizáció beférkőzése az élet szinte minden területére egyre inkább áthatja globális társadalmunk kollektív tudatát. A digitális forradalom átírta a kommunikációról, az információáramlásról vagy az adatvédelemről alkotott elképzeléseinket, de alapvető változást hozott többek között a munka, az oktatás vagy a kereskedelem terén is. A technológiai vívmányok számtalan
felhasználási lehetőséget rejtenek magukban a büntetőeljárás során eljáró szervek számára, rendkívüli mértékben elősegítve az időszerűség iránti igény kielégítését. Mindez ugyanakkor – különösen talán a nyomozás és az annak eredményein alapuló bizonyítás terén – felerősítheti azt a tendenciát, hogy a hatékonyság oltárán háttérbe szorulnak az olyan garanciális jelentőségű alaptételek,
mint a közvetlenség elve.
Érték: Az elektronikus ügyvitel, az egyre sokoldalúbb digitális eszközök jelentős mértékben hozzájárulnak a büntetőeljárás hatékonyságához, egyúttal az újfajta bűnözési formák felderítése, bizonyítása sajátos kihívások elé állítják az eljáró hatóságokat, de a téma kapcsán a jelen tanulmányban írtakat meghaladóan is számos további kérdés merül fel, melyeket a jogtudomány is kiemelt figyelemmel kísér (például prediktív rendészet).
Political institutions and public administration (General)
One of the most reliable predictors of school effectiveness is student engagement, which is not only related to students’ current achievement but also long-term outcomes. Using linear regression and structural equation modeling procedures, the present study was aimed at examining the relationship between dropout risk, dimensions of student engagement, and family background. The survey study involved 3251 7th grade Hungarian students who completed the adapted Student Engagement Instrument and self-reported background questionnaire. According to the results, student performance is mainly related to parents’ educational attainment, but a moderate or weak correlation with behavioral, academic, and cognitive engagement is also detectable. While affective engagement shows a weak association with performance, it correlates with other engagement dimensions linked to achievement. This result suggests that support from parents, peers, and teachers may have an indirect effect on achievement; however, the present study could not confirm this hypothetical model. Based on our data, parental educational attainment and student engagement account for approximately 41 % of student performance which draws attention to the complexity of the relationship between student engagement and performance and highlights the importance of a comprehensive approach to dropout and student engagement in this context.
Background: Ventricular tachycardia (VT) recurrence after catheter ablation remains a concern, emphasizing the need for precise risk assessment. We aimed to use machine learning (ML) to predict 1-month and 1-year VT recurrence following VT ablation. Methods: For 337 patients undergoing VT ablation, we collected 31 parameters including medical history, echocardiography, and procedural data. 17 relevant features were included in the ML-based feature selection, which yielded six and five optimal features for 1-month and 1-year recurrence, respectively. We trained several supervised machine learning models using 10-fold cross-validation for each endpoint. Results: We observed 1-month VT recurrence was observed in 60 (18%) cases and accurately predicted using our model with an area under the receiver operating curve (AUC) of 0.73. Input features used were hemodynamic instability, incessant VT, ICD shock, left ventricular ejection fraction, TAPSE, and non-inducibility of the clinical VT at the end of the procedure. A separate model was trained for 1-year VT recurrence (observed in 117 (35%) cases) with a mean AUC of 0.71. Selected features were hemodynamic instability, the number of inducible VT morphologies, left ventricular systolic diameter, mitral regurgitation, and ICD shock. For both endpoints, a random forest model displayed the highest performance. Conclusions: Our ML models effectively predict VT recurrence post-ablation, aiding in identifying high-risk patients and tailoring follow-up strategies.
In this study, pyrolysis of municipal sewage sludge samples from different sources including cattle and chicken manure as well as brook mud, was investigated using a thermogravimetric analysis coupled with a Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (TG-FTIR) at different heating rates (25, 50 and 100 °C/min). In order to determine the kinetic parameters, Arrhenius, model-free Kissinger–Akira–Sunose (KAS), as well as Friedman and Flynn–Wall–Ozawa (FWO) methods were compared. The thermogravimetric results revealed that pyrolysis involved different stages, and that the main decomposition reactions took place in the range of 200–600 °C. In this range, decomposition of biodegradable components (e.g., lipids and polysaccharides), proteins and carbohydrates occurred; meanwhile, there were samples (e.g., cattle manure, brook mud) in which the decomposition step could be observed even at temperatures above 700 °C. According to the Arrhenius method, the activation energies of the first decomposition stage were between 25.6 and 85.4 kJ/mol, while the activation energies of the second and third stages were in the ranges of 11.4–36.3 kJ/mol and 20.2–135 kJ/mol, respectively. The activation energies were also calculated by the KAS, Friedman and FWO methods, which were in the range of 100–300 kJ/mol for municipal sewage sludge or distillery sludge, and ranged between 9.6 and 240 kJ/mol for cattle manure, chicken manure and brook mud samples.
A 21. század technológiai környezetében egyre nagyobb jelenléttel képviseltetik magukat a
tudatos, információszerző betegek, a korábbi alá-fölérendeltségi viszonyt elkezdte átváltani a
kooperáció alapú együttműködés, amelyet számos digitális egészségügyi projekt segít (Koskova
2015). A nagy számban elérhető orvosi információ pedig lehetővé tette, hogy a betegek tájékozódjanak, másodvéleményt kérjenek, orvosaiknak segítsenek és tudatos e-pácienssé váljanak
(Meskó et. al. 2017).
Különösen igaz a ritka betegségben érintettekre, ahol az információ megléte még nagyobb
jelentőséggel bír, Európában már több mint 30 millió érintett életében. Ezen betegségek esetében a diagnosztikus út sok esetben hosszú, ennek következtében a megszerzett tudásanyag
segítséget adhat a megküzdésben, ehhez pedig segítséget adhatnak az online felületek is. A kutatás ezért a közösségi médiában történő orvosi információ szerzését vizsgálta social média listening alkalmazásával. Az #Asthma és a #CysticFibrosis Twitter alapú adatbázisok elemzése hét
éves intervallumot foglalt magába, feltáró jellegű vizsgálattal a tweet aktivitás, a szemantikai
környezet, a véleményvezérek, valamint az elkötelezettség és a hashtag használat témakörében
egyaránt.
Dóra Lakk-Bogáth, Patrik Török, Flóra Viktória Csendes
et al.
Heme iron and nonheme dimanganese catalases protect biological systems against oxidative damage caused by hydrogen peroxide. Rubrerythrins are ferritine-like nonheme diiron proteins, which are structurally and mechanistically distinct from the heme-type catalase but similar to a dimanganese KatB enzyme. In order to gain more insight into the mechanism of this curious enzyme reaction, non-heme structural and functional models were carried out by the use of mononuclear [Fe<sup>II</sup>(L<sub>1–4</sub>)(solvent)<sub>3</sub>](ClO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub> (<b>1</b>–<b>4</b>) (L<sub>1</sub> = 1,3-bis(2-pyridyl-imino)isoindoline, L<sub>2</sub> = 1,3-bis(4′-methyl-2-pyridyl-imino)isoindoline, L<sub>3</sub> = 1,3-bis(4′-Chloro-2-pyridyl-imino)isoindoline, L<sub>4</sub> = 1,3-bis(5′-chloro-2-pyridyl-imino)isoindoline) complexes as catalysts, where the possible reactive intermediates, diiron-perroxo [Fe<sup>III</sup><sub>2</sub>(μ-O)(μ-1,2-O<sub>2</sub>)(L<sub>1</sub>-L<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub>(Solv)<sub>2</sub>]<sup>2+</sup> (<b>5</b>–<b>8</b>) complexes are known and well-characterized. All the complexes displayed catalase-like activity, which provided clear evidence for the formation of diiron-peroxo species during the catalytic cycle. We also found that the fine-tuning of iron redox states is a critical issue, both the formation rate and the reactivity of the diiron-peroxo species showed linear correlation with the Fe<sup>III</sup>/Fe<sup>II</sup> redox potentials. Their stability and reactivity towards H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> was also investigated and based on kinetic and mechanistic studies a plausible mechanism, including a rate-determining hydrogen atom transfer between the H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> and diiron-peroxo species, was proposed. The present results provide one of the first examples of a nonheme diiron-peroxo complex, which shows a catalase-like reaction.
The aim of this study was to determine the factors affecting mastitis cases and to estimate the correlations of somatic cell count (SCC) with milk yield in Holstein cows. The study was conducted in two private dairy farms in Hódmezõvásárhely, South-Hungary. A total of 882 Holstein cows were tested by SCC, fat and protein contents of milk monthly intervals. To test milk SCC and components, two groups were designed, and to examine effect of parity on first mastitis day (FMD) and total mastitis cases (TMC), four groups were divided. It was noted that higher SCC caused to higher TMC. While cows had higher protein content exposed to higher FMD and TMC, cows had lower daily milk yield (DMY) had higher values by mastitis case parameters. In parity evaluation, only primiparous cows had statistically lower TMC. The cows with lower SCC were found in advance in change of milk yield (CMY) up to 6.858±0.947 kg. A negative correlation coefficient was estimated between SCC and DMY. Finally, monitoring SCC of milk is offered to prevent milk production losses and new mastitis occurrences in the herds.
Question Answering (QA) systems are used to provide proper responses to users' questions automatically. Sentence matching is an essential task in the QA systems and is usually reformulated as a Paraphrase Identification (PI) problem. Given a question, the aim of the task is to find the most similar question from a QA knowledge base. In this paper, we propose a Multi-task Sentence Encoding Model (MSEM) for the PI problem, wherein a connected graph is employed to depict the relation between sentences, and a multi-task learning model is applied to address both the sentence matching and sentence intent classification problem. In addition, we implement a general semantic retrieval framework that combines our proposed model and the Approximate Nearest Neighbor (ANN) technology, which enables us to find the most similar question from all available candidates very quickly during online serving. The experiments show the superiority of our proposed method as compared with the existing sentence matching models.