Hasil untuk "Economic growth, development, planning"

Albert Boaitey, Beth Clark, Pattanapong Tiwasing

Reductions in the consumption of livestock products in Western diets are considered necessary to mitigate some of animal productions' impacts on human health, animal welfare and the environment. Whilst several alternative protein products are on the market or being developed, the motivations for consumer decision-making are not well-understood. In particular, given the focus on improved sustainability as justification for these alternative proteins, understanding the relationship between sustainability considerations and willingness to try (WTT) remains important. This study uses data from 1929 UK individuals to evaluate the potential role of sustainability considerations (health, animal welfare, environmental, financial) on WTT three alternative protein products: plant-based, cultured meat, and edible insects. Ordered probit and quantile regression models are used to explore WTT, with controls for respondents' sociodemographic characteristics and level of awareness. The findings show that sustainability considerations particularly ethical and environmental concerns remain relevant in the WTT alternative proteins in the UK. Their potential role however varies across products and consumer segments. There is also significant variation in WTT due to factors related to familiarity with specific alternative protein types and respondent's socio-demographic characteristics (i.e., gender, education, age, marital status, household size, number of children and household income). Recommendations are made for strategies to promote the alternative protein products examined based on these findings.

Ajay Kumar Bhurjee, Pankaj Kumar, Pavan Kumar

In this paper, a bi-level linear programming problem characterized by interval uncertainty in the coefficients of both objectives and constraints is thoroughly examined. The Karush-Kuhn-Tucker (KKT) optimality conditions for interval nonlinear programming problems have been developed to address this challenge. Utilizing these conditions, the interval bi-level programming problem has been transformed into a deterministic nonlinear programming problem. Subsequently, a comprehensive methodology has been developed to solve the transformed problem. The proposed approach has been validated through numerous illustrative examples that demonstrate its successful execution. Furthermore, the developed methodology has been effectively applied to a practical problem in supply chain planning, showcasing its relevance and applicability in real-world scenarios. (original abstract)

Ewa M. Bednarczuk, Ignacy Kaliszewski, Janusz Miroforidis

The method BISSA, proposed by Bednarczuk, Miroforidis, and Pyzel, provides approximate solutions to the multiple-choice knapsack problem. To fathom the optimality gap that is left by BISSA, we present a method that starts from the BISSA solution and it is able to provide a better approximation and in consequence a tighter optimality gap. Like BISSA, the new method is based on the multiobjectivization of the multiple-choice knapsack problem but instead of the linear scalarization used in BISSA, it makes use of the Chebyshev scalarization. We validate the new method on the same set of problems as the one used to validate BISSA. (original abstract)

علیرضا علی پور, سیده شادی موسوی, محمد صادق ابراهیمی کوه بنه

رشد روزافزون جمعیت و افزایش چشمگیر فعالیت‌های انسانی، تغییر الگوهای زندگی و تنوع فزاینده نیازهای بشر منجر به افزایش پسماندهای مختلف در جوامع شهری و روستایی شده است. روستاها به‌خصوص روستاهای حواشی شهرهای بزرگ ایران همچون دیگر جوامع انسانی تحت تأثیر این تحولات و خطرات واقع شده است. ازاین‌رو، پژوهش حاضر به بررسی تأثیر مؤلفه‌های سرمایه اجتماعی بر مدیریت پسماندهای روستایی در روستاهای بخش پادنا در شهرستان سمیرم از توابع استان اصفهان پرداخته است. تعداد 150 نفر از جامعه آماری مورد نظر به ­عنوان نمونه، انتخاب و اطلاعات به روش نمونه‌گیری تصادفی ساده در سال 1403 جمع‌آوری شد. نتایج حاصل از تحلیل همبستگی پیرسون نشان داد بین مؤلفه‌های سرمایه اجتماعی و مدیریت مطلوب پسماندهای روستایی در نمونه مورد مطالعه همبستگی مثبت و معنی‌دار وجود دارد. نتایج استفاده از شبکه عصبی مصنوعی پرسپترون چندلایه نیز نشان داد که اخلاقیات و اعتماد اجتماعی به ترتیب بیشترین اهمیت نسبی را در رفتار مدیریت پسماندهای روستایی ساکنان به خود اختصاص داده ­اند. نتایج تحلیل داده‌ها با استفاده از روش رگرسیون چندمتغیره گام­ به­ گام نشان داد مؤلفه‌های مشارکت و اخلاقیات اجتماعی در میان عناصر تشکیل ‌دهنده سرمایه اجتماعی دارای اثرگذاری مثبت و معنی‌دار بر مدیریت پسماندهای روستایی بودند و بر این مبنا به ­عنوان مؤلفه‌های پیشگو در توضیح رفتار مدیریت پسماند روستایی در منطقه مورد مطالعه شناخته شدند. در نهایت، براساس نتایج به دست آمده، برنامه‌ریزی و سیاست‌گذاری در جهت ترویج و بهبود اخلاقیات و مشارکت اجتماعی در مدیریت مطلوب پسماندهای روستایی از طریق برگزاری کارگاه‌های آموزشی و ارائه مشوق‌های مالی در مناطق روستایی توسط نهادهای ذی ­ربط مورد تأکید قرار گرفت.

Holger Braun, Dorothee Apfel, Benedikt Rilling et al.

Reducing peat consumption in hobby gardening offers considerable potential for reducing CO2 emissions, since peatlands are one of the most important natural carbon sinks. While existing research focuses on the products and their diffusion, we focus on people and their practices of gardening. So we conducted 44 interviews with hobby gardeners in Germany from three different contexts: gardening at home, in an allotment garden, and in an urban gardening initiative. Our findings show that substrates are not a major part of gardeners' social interactions. Purchasing substrates is a utility-driven process with, compared to gardening itself, mostly passive information behavior. Although (basic) knowledge about peat is widespread among hobby gardeners, price is the dominant purchase criterion for substrates; sustainability does not play an important role. Our results suggest that communication campaigns by governments and companies should convey substrate-related messages in those places where gardeners go to seek information, e.g. gardening-related publications. Communication should focus on the functional value of peat-free substrates and not just explain environmental benefits. Lastly, campaigns should target home gardeners rather than urban gardeners and allotment gardeners who rarely buy any substrates but rely on their own production.

Suyanto Suyanto, Denpharanto Agung Krisprimandoyo, R. Ayu Erni Jusnita et al.

This research investigates sustainable development planning in Surabaya City with a qualitative approach. This study aims to identify factors that influence inclusive and sustainable growth in the context of complex economic and business dynamics. This research uses policy analysis and comprehensive case studies to dissect challenges and opportunities that become obstacles or promising paths for Surabaya City in achieving sustainable development goals. The findings of this study illustrate the picture of the urban development landscape. The findings emphasize the need for improved policies that encourage and actively support community participation, thus creating a supportive environment for realizing social and economic inclusivity. In addition, the study highlights the importance of targeted interventions in the form of poverty alleviation programs, which, combined with strategic empowerment initiatives aimed at micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs), prove to be very important instruments in generating sustainable economic growth.
 Keyword: community participation, development planning, MSME Empowerment, policy analysis, sustainable development goals

عباس قائدامینی هارونی, رضا ابراهیم زاده دستجردی, مهرداد صادقی ده چشمه

هدف پژوهش حاضر، بررسی تأثیر استرس شغلی بر رفتارهای انحرافی در محیط کار با نقش میانجی رضایت شغلی است. جامعه آماری این پژوهش شامل کلیه کارکنان دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد اصفهان (خوراسگان) به تعداد 660 نفر است. با استفاده از فرمول کوکران 244 نفر حجم نمونه انتخاب شدند. برای گردآوری داده‌های مورد نیاز در این پژوهش، از پرسشنامه‌های استاندارد استفاده گردید و روایی و پایایی آنها مورد آزمون قرار گرفت. جهت بررسی فرضیات پژوهش، با نرم افزار Warp-Pls از روش معادلات ساختاری و تحلیل مسیر به روش حداقل مربعات جزئی استفاده گردید. نتایج حاصل از تحلیل‌های انجام شده در پژوهش نشان داد که استرس شغلی بر رفتارهای انحرافی در محیط کار تأثیر معنادار مثبت دارد که ضریب تأثیر آن 55/0 است و استرس شغلی بر رضایت شغلی تأثیر معنادار منفی دارد که ضریب تأثیر آن 44/0- است و همچنین استرس شغلی بر رفتارهای انحرافی در محیط کار از طریق رضایت شغلی تأثیر مثبت دارد که ضریب تأثیر آن 25/0 است. نتایج این پژوهش نشان داد که استرس شغلی تأثیر مستقیمی بر رفتار انحرافی در محل کار دارد و رضایت شغلی این رابطه را واسطه می‌کند.

مهناز جعفری, حسین مهدی زاده, نعمت اله شیری

اگرچه زنان به‌ویژه زنان روستایی نقش مهمی در پیشرفت کشورهای در حال توسعه دارند؛ ولی متاسفانه به مسائل، مشکلات و فعالیت‌های اقتصادی آنان توجه چندانی نمی‌شود. در این راستا، نظر به اینکه صندوق‌های اعتبارات خرد زنان روستایی می‌تواند بستری را برای توسعه کارآفرینی اجتماعی و در نتیجه حل مسائل و مشکلات زنان روستایی فراهم کند؛ بنابراین، توجه به توسعه فعالیت‌های کارآفرینی اجتماعی در قالب صندوق‌های اعتبارات خرد زنان روستایی از اهمیت و ضرورت بالایی برخوردار است. هدف کلی پژوهش حاضر، طراحی الگویی برای توسعه کارآفرینی اجتماعی در بین زنان روستایی عضو صندوق­ های اعتبارات خرد شهرستان ایوان (استان ایلام) بود. این پژوهش از لحاظ پارادایم، کیفی و به لحاظ هدف، کاربردی بود که با بهره­ گیری از روش نظریه داده‌بنیان انجام شد. جامعه مورد مطالعه در این پژوهش شامل متخصصان حوزه کارآفرینی اجتماعی و زنان عضو صندوق­ های اعتبارات خرد روستایی در شهرستان ایوان بودند. نمونه­ های مورد مطالعه ابتدا به صورت هدفمند و در ادامه به‌صورت نظری انتخاب شدند. ابزار گردآوری داده‌ها در این پژوهش مصاحبه‌های عمیق انفرادی بود. پس از انجام 19 مصاحبه، اشباع نظری حاصل شد. تجزیه و تحلیل داده‌ها با استفاده از تکنیک‌های کدگذاری باز، محوری و انتخابی انجام شد. یافته­ های پژوهش نشان داد که دانش و اطلاعات، تلاطم­های فردی، سرمایه اجتماعی، مسئولیت­ پذیری اجتماعی، داشتن الگوی نقش، خصیصه­ های روانشناختی، آگاهی اجتماعی، ماهیت صندوق­ های اعتبارات خرد و ویژگی­های جمعیت­ شناختی، مؤلفه‌های تبیین‌کننده الگوی توسعه کارآفرینی اجتماعی در بین زنان روستایی بودند. بر اساس یافته­ های پژوهش، راهکارهایی نظیر حمایت اقتصادی، حمایت آموزشی، سیاست­های مالی- حمایتی، الگوسازی و تیم­ سازی اثربخش برای توسعه کارآفرینی اجتماعی در بین زنان روستایی پیشنهاد داده شد.

Abida YOUSAF, Fozia BIBI, Farhana NAZ

The present study aims to investigate the financial liberalisation and growth nexus in Pakistan by using the FM-OLS cointegration technique over the time period 1972 to 2016. The importance of the financial liberalisation process in Pakistan has been captured through the capital account liberalisation variables. The study also incorporates financial development as a control variable due to the increasing role of the banking industry. The study finds that capital account liberalisation and financial development promotes the economic growth of the country. Moreover, Investment, human capital, trade openness and government expenditure are also significant contributors to economic growth.

Jarot Tri Bowo Santoso

This research aims to explore the economic values of Pancasila in the local wisdom of harvesting rice in Kampung Naga, Tasikmalaya, West Java. An ethnographic type of qualitative research is conducted in Kampung Naga, Neglasari Village, Salawu District, Tasikmalaya Regency of West Java. The informants of this research are 20 people consisting of the head of the custom, head of the cooperative association, and farmers in Kampung Naga. The data are collected using in-depth interviews. They are then analyzed using data triangulation, including data reduction, presentation, and conclusions are drawn. The results show that the economic values of Pancasila in the local wisdom of harvesting rice in Kampung Naga are classified into practical value, the cost-saving value of harvesting, economic equity value, and the value of increasing income.   Keywords: Economic values of Pancasila, Cost-saving harvesting, Local wisdom, Economic Equity JEL Classification: D40, I30

Bahman Sahneh, Mohammad Amin Khorasani

Production of Turkmen handmade carpet is one of the important activities outside farms and it is the source of income for lots of rural families. The objective of this survey is to do an analysis of the effect of handmade carpet production on the improvement of the sustainable livelihood of rural families in Aq Qala. This is an applied survey that uses descriptive-analytical method. Its statistical population is the families residing in 10 villages around the city of Aq Qala. The sample size was selected by Cochrane’s formula and includes 367 families with women working in the production of handmade carpets. In order to study economic and social indexes, 33 variables were used in the form of Likert’s scale. Data collection tools were researcher-made questionnaires whose content validity was approved by university professors; their reliability for economic variables was obtained 82% and for social variables 91%. In order to analyze the data, Chi-square correlation analysis, and Freidman and Kruskal Wallis mean value comparison were used in SPSS software, and for preparing a map, ArcGIS software was used. The results achieved from correlation analysis of the studied factors show that there is a 99% significant relationship between the level of education and economic and social factors. Also, Kruskal Wallis test results show no special difference between the studied villages except the increase of saving, and the effect of handmade carpet production is equal in all villages. The most important challenges are the unpredictability of raw material prices, problems related to financial support, production and sometimes the supply of non-standard products.

Marcelo Curth, Alexandre Borba Silveira, Juciele Pires Pinheiro

RESUMO A utilização de tecnologia vem sendo largamente utilizada para influenciar o consumo consciente, principalmente na formação de comunidades no contexto virtual. Por conta disso, este trabalho teve o objetivo de identificar as relações entre envolvimento cognitivo (EC), envolvimento afetivo (EA), identidade social (IS) e flow (FL) com a intenção de compra (IC). Para isso, foi realizada uma survey com 152 participantes de comunidades mobile (m-comunidades) ligadas ao consumo verde. Para o teste do modelo, foi utilizada a Modelagem de Equações Estruturais (MEE). Os resultados indicaram a relação positiva para identidade social e intenção de compra e identidade social e flow, além da influência positiva do envolvimento cognitivo para a formação da identidade social dos membros das comunidades. Os resultados contribuem para o entendimento de que a participação em tais comunidades se inicia por conta de elementos utilitários e de que a compra seria em estado de flow, após a formação de identidade. O estudo contribui para a literatura ao propor uma relação de participação em comunidades verdes relacionada com a identidade dos participantes. Palavras-chave: Identidade social. Intenção de compra. Comunidades verdes mobile. Identidade social. Flow.    ABSTRACT The use of technology has been widely used to influence conscious consumption, especially in the formation of communities in the virtual context. The present study aimed to analyze the relationships between cognitive involvement (CI), affective involvement (AI), social identity (SI) and flow (FL) with purchase intention (PI). Therefore, a survey was conducted with 152 participants in a mobile community (m-community) connected to green consumption. For the theoretical model, the Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). Results showed the positive relationship for social identity and purchase intention and for social identity and flow, in addition to the positive influence of the cognitive involvement for the formation of the social identity of the community members. The results contribute to understanding that participation in such communities starts with utilitarian elements and that the purchase would be in a flow state after identity formation. The study contributes to the literature by proposing a relationship of participation in green communities related to the identity of the participants. Keywords: Social Identity. Purchase intention. Mobile Green Communities. Social Identity. Flow.

فهیمه رستمی مسکوپایی, علی کرامت زاده, رامتین جولایی et al.

پنبه به‏عنوان یک محصول راهبردی نقش مهمی در ایجاد اشتغال، ارزآوری و افزایش درآمد در بخش کشاورزی و صنایع وابسته دارد که همواره مورد توجه دولت بوده است. طی دو دهه اخیر، به‏دلیل بالا بودن هزینه­های تولید و افزایش واردات پنبه، سطح زیر کشت این محصول در شهرستان گرگان به‏عنوان یکی از مناطق تولیدکننده عمده پنبه کاهش چشمگیری داشته است. بر این اساس، در مطالعه حاضر، به بررسی تأثیر سیاست­های حمایتی دولت بر سطح زیر کشت پنبه شهرستان گرگان با استفاده از الگو برنامه­ریزی ریاضی اثباتی پرداخته شد. اطلاعات لازم از طریق تکمیل تعداد 295 پرسشنامه با استفاده از روش نمونه­گیری تصادفی طبقه­ای از بهره­برداران زیربخش زراعت شهرستان گرگان در سال زراعی 94-1393 جمع­آوری شد. محصول پنبه در قالب نظام­های کشت مختلف (مانند تک­کشتی، کشت متوالی و کشت مخلوط) در الگو لحاظ شد و سیاست­های حمایتی دولت نیز در سه بخش قیمت­گذاری محصول پنبه، اعطای یارانه به نهاده­های تولید محصول پنبه و پرداخت مستقیم به تولیدکنندگان پنبه مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. نتایج نشان داد که در بین سیاست­های مختلف حمایتی دولت، اعمال یارانه به نهاده­های تولید سودآوری مثبت داشته است، به‏گونه‏ای که سیاست برداشت مکانیزه پنبه با 78/1 درصد تغییرات نسبت به شرایط موجود بیشترین سودآوری را داشته است. طبق یافته­های مطالعة حاضر، پیشنهاد می­شود که با اتخاذ سیاست­های اعمال یارانه به نهاده­های تولید، امکان افزایش سطح زیر کشت پنبه در شهرستان گرگان فراهم شود.

A. Mersha, I. Masih, C. de Fraiture et al.

Water scarcity problems are becoming increasingly common due to higher water demand, urbanization, economic development and climatic variability. Policies and measures based on Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM) are often advocated to tackle the problems of competing demands and conflicts among stakeholders. Demand management measures as part of the IWRM package are expected to offset the increased demands on water resources caused by economic growth. However, even if IWRM-based policies are in place, the potential impacts of demand management are seldom quantified while formulating water policies or development plans. To address this, we conducted scenario analysis using Water Evaluation and Planning System (WEAP21) in a case study from the Awash Basin in Ethiopia. We show that ambitious irrigation expansion plans to combat food insecurity will lead to overexploitation of water resources with increasing inequity between smallholders and commercial farmers. Demand management measures proposed by water users are insufficient to offset these consequences. Potential demand measures that are embedded in the IWRM-based policies alone are also insufficient. While water policies emphasize IWRM principles but do not indicate how to properly implement them, economic development plans are often launched without adequately considering equity and environment, two of the three pillars of IWRM. This scenario analysis shows the importance of quantitative information in IWRM formulation and monitoring.

Domingo Rodríguez Benavides, Abigail Rodríguez Nava

Se analiza la convergencia de los niveles de precios locales en México a través de un enfoque de pares. Para ello se aplican pruebas de raíces unitarias a los precios relativos de todas las posibles combinaciones de ciudades de diferentes bienes y servicios. Una de las principales virtudes de este enfoque es que no requiere elegir una ciudad de referencia o promedio, como base de los niveles de precios relativos, para el análisis de la estacionariedad. El enfoque se aplica a series mensuales de los índices generales y desagregados de una muestra de precios de bienes y servicios en el periodo 1982-2016. Los resultados permiten rechazar la hipótesis nula de no convergencia entre los precios relativos para la mayoría de los bienes y servicios analizados de las ciudades consideradas, no obstante, la convergencia es hasta cierto punto limitada.

Jaka Sriyana

This paper elaborates some appropriate policies regarding regional poverty reduction in Central Java province. This research estimates a poverty model based on a set of panel data comprising 29 regencies and six cities from 2011 to 2016. A fixed-effect model presents that poverty rate has a negative association with regional economic growth, minimum wage level, number of unemployment, and the quality of human resources. The higher number of population significantly decreases poverty rate in each region. Also, this study indicates that there is more poverty rate in the eastern region than that in the west region.  Moreover, the percentage of the poverty rate in regencies remains higher than the level in the cities. Overall, these results indicate that the local governments have successfully managed the poverty issues in among regencies and cities. This research finds that local governments are on the right way in their public policies in the development process. For more effective in poverty reduction, the local governments in the eastern region have to improve their human resources quality.

Maxym Serhiyovych Filiak, Yuliia Yuzefivna Filiak

The focus of this study is to present an overview of Ukrainian scientific approaches to the development of monitoring and evaluation technical components, namely matrices, models, indicators and indices used in implementation of program-oriented approach to socio-economic development of settlements. The article describes scientific developments from two main fields (economic development and social development) and is grounded on the authors’ previous research, to describe the main types of groups indicators of sustainable socio-economic development for Ukrainian settlements. The need for the study is pertinent given the absence of uniformity to approaches and the need for the research to develop practically applicable monitoring tools for the research.

Ashok Natarajan

All values are spiritual in their essence, even those that appear to be physical. For all values seek perfection of the whole. The widest and highest perfection is based on the totality and oneness of reality. Such a perfection is comprehensive and inclusive. It is founded on truths that complete other truths rather than compete with them. Despite their vast cultural differences, Eastern and Western values reflect complementary aspects of a unified whole. But the process of developing values in any society depends on its underlying cultural perspective. The nature of mind is such that it divides and analyzes reality, and concentrates on one thing at a time, whereas spirituality is founded on the perception of the whole. This vast difference in underlying cultural orientation helps explain the immense gulf in understanding that has long distinguished and separated the cultures of Asia and Europe.

Argus Baskoro, Kuntoro Kuntoro

This study aims to analyze the labor force, labor force participation rate, and employment opportunities in East Java. The method used is the observation of secondary data from the Planning and Development Agencies of East Java (BAPPEDA JATIM) and also the central website of the National Bureau of Statistic (BPS). Then, data is analyzed and processed using Spectrum software. The result of labor force data analysis shows that the city of Surabaya is the region with the largest labor force that is 1.336.932 people, while the city of Mojokerto has the lowest number of labor force is 61.459 inhabitants. The total labor force in an area is affected by the number of indigenous peoples and the rate of urbanization, which residents hope to obtain better education and employment. The highest labor force participation rate was found in Pacitan district area of 83%, while the lowest was Probolinggo district at 63%. The highest employment data analysis result is found Surabaya city with the number of 1.245.542 job opportunities. Some of the factors that affect employment opportunities include the economic conditions of an area, population growth rate, resource quality, the amount of income, and age structure of the population.

Zhenshan Yang, Tao Song, T. Chahine

Abstract Industrial parks have been tested in various regions around the world, in attempt to foster innovation and fuel economic growth. Despite the importance of industry co-agglomerations in regional growth, few studies examine them in regional geographic space. This paper combines exploratory spatial data analysis and input–output method to explore the spatial pattern of key industrial co-agglomerations in Beijing, which is illustrated by location, function, frequency, spatial hierarchy and spacing. The results contribute to linking abstract economic and actual geographical spaces in urban and regional growth, enabling urban and regional planners to judge and evaluate planning initiatives before and after implementation. The failure of sub-center plans and risks of industrial parks schemes in Beijing are addressed. By considering industrial input–output relations including environmental and human resources, urban planners can optimize the development of such co-agglomerations to foster sustainable urban development.